Differential Accumulation of Translatable mRNA Species During a Specific Host-pathogen Interaction Between Puccinia recondita tritici and Triticum aestivum

Two complementary genes, A and B, conferring resistance to Puccinia recondita tritici in various wheats were located in chromosomes 4Aβ and 3BS, respectively. In one study gene B showed recombination of 33.6 ± 4.1% with the centromere, and was independent in a second study. Gene B was the same as that designated Lr27. A new designation, Lr31, is proposed for gene A. Both Lr27 and Lr31 must be present for the expression of resistance.Key words: leaf rust, monosomic analysis, aneuploids, wheat.

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Toxoplasma Effectors Targeting Host Signaling and Transcription

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.00005-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 615-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Mohamed-Ali Hakimi ◽

Philipp Olias ◽

L. David Sibley

Keyword(s):

Host Cells ◽

Content Type ◽

Apicomplexan Parasites ◽

Small Noncoding Rnas ◽

Dense Granules ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Specific Host ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Host Signaling

SUMMARY Early electron microscopy studies revealed the elaborate cellular features that define the unique adaptations of apicomplexan parasites. Among these were bulbous rhoptry (ROP) organelles and small, dense granules (GRAs), both of which are secreted during invasion of host cells. These early morphological studies were followed by the exploration of the cellular contents of these secretory organelles, revealing them to be comprised of highly divergent protein families with few conserved domains or predicted functions. In parallel, studies on host-pathogen interactions identified many host signaling pathways that were mysteriously altered by infection. It was only with the advent of forward and reverse genetic strategies that the connections between individual parasite effectors and the specific host pathways that they targeted finally became clear. The current repertoire of parasite effectors includes ROP kinases and pseudokinases that are secreted during invasion and that block host immune pathways. Similarly, many secretory GRA proteins alter host gene expression by activating host transcription factors, through modification of chromatin, or by inducing small noncoding RNAs. These effectors highlight novel mechanisms by which T. gondii has learned to harness host signaling to favor intracellular survival and will guide future studies designed to uncover the additional complexity of this intricate host-pathogen interaction.

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Locating the Agropyron segment in wheat–Agropyron transfer no. 12

Genome ◽

10.1139/g87-061 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 365-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. C. Eizenga

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Key Words ◽

Leaf Rust ◽

Chromosome Pairing ◽

Wheat Chromosome ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Puccinia Recondita ◽

Agropyron Elongatum ◽

Transfer Lines ◽

Puccinia Recondita Tritici

Twelve lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were originally identified as having a segment of Agropyron elongatum chromatin carrying a gene for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita tritici) transferred to wheat chromosome 7D. By studying the chromosome pairing of one of these lines, transfer no. 12, with telosomes 7AL, 7AS, 7BL, 7BS, 7DL, 7DS, and 7AgS, it was determined that the Agropyron chromatin was carried on the long arm of wheat chromosome 7A rather than 7D. This determination was confirmed by acetocarmine–N-banding. Key words: Triticum aestivum, Agropyron elongatum, transfer lines, Puccinia recondita tritici, telosomic analysis.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A Novel Mechanism of Host-Pathogen Interaction through sRNA in Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726419717.793534336 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Burkhard Tümmler

Keyword(s):

Outer Membrane ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Bacterial Outer Membrane

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The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10070905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 905

Author(s):

Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽

Armando Pérez-Torres ◽

Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽

Daniel Cervantes-García ◽

Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Sporothrix Schenckii ◽

Macrophage Cell ◽

Cell Recruitment ◽

Host Pathogen Interaction ◽

Interaction Processes ◽

Host Pathogen ◽

Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

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