Influence of Fusarium Crown Rot Disease on Semiochemical Production by Wheat Plants

Abstract Background Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease in cereal production worldwide. The impact of this disease is highly environmentally dependant and significant yield losses occur mainly in drought-affected crops. Results In the study reported here, we evaluated possible relationships between genes conferring FCR resistance and drought tolerance using two approaches. The first approach studied FCR induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) targeting two barley and one wheat loci against a panel of genes curated from the literature based on known functions in drought tolerance. Of the 149 curated genes, 61.0% were responsive to FCR infection across the three loci. The second approach was a comparison of the global DEGs induced by FCR infection with the global transcriptomic responses under drought in wheat. This analysis found that approximately 48.0% of the DEGs detected one week following drought treatment and 74.4% of the DEGs detected three weeks following drought treatment were also differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant isolines under FCR infection at one or more timepoints. As for the results from the first approach, the vast majority of common DEGs were downregulated under drought and expressed more highly in the resistant isoline than the sensitive isoline under FCR infection. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the resistant isoline in wheat was experiencing less drought stress, which could contribute to the stronger defence response than the sensitive isoline. However, most of the genes induced by drought stress in barley were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolines than the resistant isolines under infection, indicating that genes conferring drought tolerance and FCR resistance may interact differently between these two crop species. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between FCR resistance and drought responsiveness provides further evidence indicating the possibility to enhance FCR resistance by manipulating genes conferring drought tolerance.

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Colonization of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Culms Exhibiting Premature Senescence (Dead Heads) Associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum Crown Rot

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-17-0415-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (10) ◽

pp. 1788-1794 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Noel L. Knight ◽

Bethany Macdonald ◽

Mark W. Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Field Samples ◽

Key Factor ◽

Significant Disease

Fusarium crown rot is a significant disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), which exhibits high levels of disease susceptibility. The most extreme symptom of crown rot is a prematurely senescing culm that typically fails to set grain. Individual crown rot-affected durum wheat plants displaying both nonsenescent and prematurely senescent culms were harvested to compare visual discoloration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown. Field samples of EGA Bellaroi were collected at Wellcamp, QLD, in 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014, and of Hyperno at Narrabri, NSW, in 2014. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discoloration, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and vascular colonization than nonsenescent culms in each year they were examined. The extent of these differences varied between environments and timing of collection in each year. Vascular colonization initially occurred in xylem vessels and spread into phloem tissues as disease severity increased. The increased presence of hyphae in vascular bundles of prematurely senescing culms provides strong evidence for the hypothesis that restriction of water and nutrient movement in a diseased culm is a key factor in crown rot severity.

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Development of tightly linked markers and identification of candidate genes for Fusarium crown rot resistance in barley by exploiting a near-isogenic line-derived population

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-018-3209-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 217-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yunfeng Jiang ◽

Ahsan Habib ◽

Zhi Zheng ◽

Meixue Zhou ◽

Yuming Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Isogenic Line ◽

Near Isogenic Line ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot

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THE STOMATAL COMPLEX AND EPICUTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF CROWN ROT DISEASE OF AGAVE TEQUILANA WEBER (AGAVACEAE)

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2003.618.51 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 427-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.E.M. Hernandéz-Valencia ◽

R. López-Franco ◽

J. Ruíz-Ordoñez ◽

H. Ramirez-Rodriguez ◽

A. Benavides-Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Crown Rot ◽

Agave Tequilana ◽

Stomatal Complex ◽

Rot Disease

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Antagonistic effectiveness of some bacteria against Fusarium graminearum causing crown rot disease on wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal ◽

10.52951/dasj.21130107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 69-80

Author(s):

Majida Hadi Mahdi Alsaady ◽

Hussein Ali Salim ◽

Rakib A. Al-ani ◽

Hadi M. Aboud ◽

Jamal Talib M Al Roubaie

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Culture Method ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Enzyme Analysis ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Rot Disease

In this study, the antagonistic effect of five bacteria genera namely Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Streptomyces isolated from rhizosphere of wheat were evaluated against Fusarium graminearum as potential biocontrol agents in vitro. F. graminearum was molecularly diagnosed using the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Each bacteria were tested for the production of catalase enzyme, oxidase enzyme, analysis of starch, analyze of gelatin, and the motility, where Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Bacillus subtilis were positive for all tested. Fungal inhibition tests were performed by using the dual culture method and agar well diffusion technique. Among them, Streptomyces and Azospirillum exhibited potent inhibition to the growth of F. graminearum (72.14% and 66.42%) respectively, followed by B.pumillus, P.fluorescens, B. subtilis and Azotobacter ( 58.28%, 43.23%, 39.71% and 35.71%) respectively as compared with the control treatment (0.0%).The dry weight of the fungus biomass was decreased with bacteria P. fluorescens, Streptomyces sp, Azotobacter sp, Azospirillum sp, B. subtilis, and B. pumillus which reached (0.114, 0.103, 0.147, 0.101, 0.143, and 0.107 g) respectively compared to the control treatment that was 0. 665 g.

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Disease responses of hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) culms exhibiting premature senescence (dead heads) associated with Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot

10.1101/2020.05.13.094979 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. L. Knight ◽

B. Macdonald ◽

C. Percy ◽

M. W. Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽

Disease States ◽

South Wales ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Timing Of Initiation ◽

Rot Disease

AbstractHexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) may exhibit significant crown rot disease responses to infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum, with a range of susceptibility levels available in commercial cultivars. Dry conditions during grain-fill may lead to the expression of prematurely senescing culms, which typically fail to set grain. Assessment of hexaploid spring wheat plants exhibiting both non-senescent and prematurely senescent culms was performed using visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass, vascular colonisation and quantification of wheat DNA in culm sections sampled at three different heights above the crown and at the peduncle. A comparison of these parameters at four time points from milk development, when senescent culms are first observed, to maturity was conducted. Samples from six commercial cultivars were collected in 2014 from Narrabri and Tamworth, New South Wales and Wellcamp, Queensland. Prematurely senescent culms exhibited greater visual discolouration, Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation than non-senescent culms in each cultivar. Colonisation of xylem and phloem tissue was extensive in the basal portions of prematurely senescent culms (36 to 99%), and suggests significant impacts on water and nutrient movement during crown rot disease. Maturation coincided with significant changes in Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and vascular colonisation. Wheat DNA content varied among cultivars, culm conditions, culm sections and sampling times. The variation in the severity of disease states between culms of the same plant suggests that the timing of initiation of infection in individual culms may vary.

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Genetic Variance for Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerance in Durum Wheat

10.1101/2020.10.05.326058 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gururaj Kadkol ◽

Jess Meza ◽

Steven Simpfendorfer ◽

Steve Harden ◽

Brian Cullis

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

N Yield ◽

Good Repeatability ◽

Tolerance Indices

AbstractTolerance to the cereal disease Fusarium crown rot (FCR) was investigated in a set of 34 durum wheat genotypes, with Suntop, (bread wheat) and EGA Bellaroi (durum) as tolerant and intolerant checks, in a series of replicated field trials over four years with inoculated (FCR-i) and non-inoculated (FCR-n) plots of the genotypes. The genotypes included conventional durum lines and lines derived from crossing durum with 2-49, a bread wheat line with the highest level of partial resistance to FCR. A split plot trial design was chosen to optimize the efficiency for the prediction of FCR tolerance for each genotype. A multi-environment trial (MET) analysis was undertaken which indicated that there was good repeatability of FCR tolerance across years. Based on an FCR tolerance index, Suntop was the most tolerant genotype and EGA Bellaroi was very intolerant, but many durum wheats had FCR tolerance indices which were comparable to Suntop. These included some conventional durum lines, V101030, TD1702, V11TD013*3X-63 and DBA Bindaroi, as well as genotypes from crosses with 2-49 (V114916 and V114942). The correlation between FCR tolerance and FCR-n yield predictions was moderately negative indicating it could be somewhat difficult to develop high yielding FCR-tolerant genotypes. However, FCR tolerance showed a positive correlation with FCR-i yield predictions in seasons of high disease expression indicating it could be possible to screen for FCR tolerance using only FCR-i treatments. These results are the first demonstration of genetic diversity in durum germplasm for FCR tolerance and they provide a basis for breeding for this trait.

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