Effect of D-Genome Chromosome Substitutions on Hybrid Seed Development and Viability in T. turgidum var. durum X S. cereale Crosses

Hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) lines selected from the progeny of octoploid × tetraploid triticale hybrids were karyotyped using C-banding. The number of D-genome chromosome pairs substituted for A- and (or) B-genome chromosomes ranged from 0 to 4, averaging 2.1 substitutions per line. Every D-genome chromosome was present in at least 1 of the 70 lines analyzed. The most frequent were chromosomes 3D and 6D, followed by 1D. Of the 14 possible substitutions, 12 were present in the homozygous condition, 1 (4D/4B) was still segregating, and 6D/6B was absent. With the exception of one 1D/1R substitution and one 7RS/4DS translocation, all lines had a complete rye genome. Key words: triticale, chromosome substitutions, D genome.

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Molecular characterization and chromosome-specific TRAP-marker development for Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines

Genome ◽

10.1139/g06-114 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 49 (12) ◽

pp. 1545-1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

J. Li ◽

D.L. Klindworth ◽

F. Shireen ◽

X. Cai ◽

J. Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Single Chromosome ◽

B Genome ◽

The Individual ◽

Trap Marker

The aneuploid stocks of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) and common wheat ( T. aestivum L.) have been developed mainly in ‘Langdon’ (LDN) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) cultivars, respectively. The LDN-CS D-genome chromosome disomic substitution (LDN-DS) lines, where a pair of CS D-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosome pair of LDN, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. The LDN-DS lines were originally developed by crossing CS nulli-tetrasomics with LDN, followed by 6 backcrosses with LDN. They have subsequently been improved with 5 additional backcrosses with LDN. The objectives of this study were to characterize a set of the 14 most recent LDN-DS lines and to develop chromosome-specific markers, using the newly developed TRAP (target region amplification polymorphism)-marker technique. A total of 307 polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified from LDN and CS, and 302 of them were assigned to individual chromosomes. Most of the markers (95.5%) were present on a single chromosome as chromosome-specific markers, but 4.5% of the markers mapped to 2 or more chromosomes. The number of markers per chromosome varied, from a low of 10 (chromosomes 1A and 6D) to a high of 24 (chromosome 3A). There was an average of 16.6, 16.6, and 15.9 markers per chromosome assigned to the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes, respectively, suggesting that TRAP markers were detected at a nearly equal frequency on the 3 genomes. A comparison of the source of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs), used to derive the fixed primers, with the chromosomal location of markers revealed that 15.5% of the TRAP markers were located on the same chromosomes as the ESTs used to generate the fixed primers. A fixed primer designed from an EST mapped on a chromosome or a homoeologous group amplified at least 1 fragment specific to that chromosome or group, suggesting that the fixed primers might generate markers from target regions. TRAP-marker analysis verified the retention of at least 13 pairs of A- or B-genome chromosomes from LDN and 1 pair of D-genome chromosomes from CS in each of the LDN-DS lines. The chromosome-specific markers developed in this study provide an identity for each of the chromosomes, and they will facilitate molecular and genetic characterization of the individual chromosomes, including genetic mapping and gene identification.

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A cytological and molecular analysis of D-genome chromosome retention following F2–F6 generations of hexaploid×tetraploid wheat crosses

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sriram Padmanaban ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Mark W. Sutherland ◽

Noel L. Knight ◽

Anke Martin

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Food Crops ◽

Cytological Analysis ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

F2 Generation ◽

Global Food

Both hexaploid bread wheat (AABBDD) (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid durum wheat (AABB) (T. turgidum spp. durum) are highly significant global food crops. Crossing these two wheats with different ploidy levels results in pentaploid (AABBD) F1 lines. This study investigated the differences in the retention of D chromosomes between different hexaploid × tetraploid crosses in subsequent generations by using molecular and cytological techniques. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the retention of D chromosomes in the F2 generation depending on the parents of the original cross. One of the crosses, 2WE25 × 950329, retained at least one copy of each D chromosome in 48% of its F2 lines. For this cross, the retention or elimination of D chromosomes was determined through several subsequent self-fertilised generations. Cytological analysis indicated that D chromosomes were still being eliminated at the F5 generation, suggesting that in some hexaploid × tetraploid crosses, D chromosomes are unstable for many generations. This study provides information on the variation in D chromosome retention in different hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses and suggests efficient strategies for utilising D genome retention or elimination to improve bread and durum wheat, respectively.

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INHERITANCE OF THE TYPE OF SOLID STEM IN GOLDEN BALL (TRITICUM DURUM): II. CYTOGENETICS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN SOLID STEM AND OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN HEXAPLOID F5 LINES OF A HYBRID WITH RESCUE (T. AESTIVUM)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b59-101 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 1207-1216 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruby I. Larson

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Triticum Durum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Stem Solidness ◽

Pentaploid Hybrid ◽

Golden Ball ◽

Solid Stem

Cytogenetic analysis of selected F5 lines of the pentaploid hybrid, Rescue (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) × Golden Ball (T. durum Desf.) showed that chromosome XVI is the member of the D genome of Rescue that prevents transfer of the more solid top culm internode of Golden Ball to hexaploid segregates. It also produces a lax spike. Chromosome XX, which is the D-genome chromosome mainly responsible for the hollowness of hollow-stemmed hexaploids, probably has little effect in Rescue. Long awns were associated with low chromosome number but not with stem solidness or dense spike; therefore, the chromosome that suppresses awn development is probably not XVI.Three 42-chromosome segregates from the cross were more solid in the top internode than Rescue, presumably because of segregation of genes in the A and B genomes. It is unlikely, however, that a fully hexaploid segregate with a top internode as solid as that of Golden Ball can be selected from this hybrid.

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The Use of Pentaploid Crosses for the Introgression of Amblyopyrum muticum and D-Genome Chromosome Segments Into Durum Wheat

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2019.01110 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manel Othmeni ◽

Surbhi Grewal ◽

Stella Hubbart-Edwards ◽

Caiyun Yang ◽

Duncan Scholefield ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Chromosome Segments

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Parallel patterns of development between independent cases of hybrid seed inviability in Mimulus

10.1101/458752 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jenn M. Coughlan ◽

John H. Willis

Keyword(s):

Resource Allocation ◽

Seed Development ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

Reproductive Barrier ◽

Parental Conflict ◽

Developmental Defects ◽

Parallel Patterns ◽

Hybrid Seeds ◽

Parent Of Origin ◽

Origin Effects

SummaryRationaleHybrid seed inviability (HSI) is a common reproductive barrier in angiosperms, yet the evolutionary and developmental drivers of HSI remain largely unknown. We test whether conflict between maternal and paternal interests in resource allocation to developing offspring (i.e. parental conflict) are associated with HSI and determine the degree of developmental parallelism between independent incidences of HSI in Mimulus.MethodsWe quantified HSI between M. guttatus and two clades of M. decorus with oppositely asymmetric incompatibilities and surveyed development of hybrid and parental seeds.Key ResultsCrosses between M. guttatus and both clades of M. decorus show parent-of-origin effects on reciprocal F1 seed development, but in opposing directions. Inviable hybrid seeds exhibit paternal excess phenotypes, wherein endosperm is large and chaotic while viable hybrid seeds produce endosperm cells that are smaller and less prolific (i.e. maternal-excess phenotypes).Main ConclusionsWe find strong parent-of-origin effects on development in reciprocal F1s in multiple incidences of HSI in Mimulus. These patterns suggest that parental conflict may be an important force generating HSI in this group, and mismatches between maternal and paternal contributions to developing seeds result in repeatable developmental defects in hybrids.

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Effects of Wheat Chromosome 1D Telosomes on Hybrid Seed Development in Wheat x Rye Crosses

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00233.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 157-159

Author(s):

G. F. Marais

Keyword(s):

Seed Development ◽

Wheat Chromosome ◽

Hybrid Seed

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GENETIC LENGTHS AND BREAK POINTS IN TWELVE CHROMOSOMES OF GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM INVOLVED IN TEN RECIPROCAL TRANSLOCATIONS

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/88.3.541 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 541-558

Author(s):

Margaret Y Menzel ◽

Meta S Brown

Keyword(s):

Genetic Mapping ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Reciprocal Translocations ◽

A Genome ◽

Break Points ◽

Mother Cells ◽

Chromosome Regions ◽

Good Agreement

ABSTRACT Chromosome configurations were recorded in about 5500 pollen mother cells (PMC's) in 2n and 2n-1 (missing the intact A-genome chromosome) heterozygotes of ten reciprocal translocations involving six A-genome chromosomes (H1, H2, H3, H4, H6 and H7) and six D-genome chromosomes (H14, H15, H16, H19, H20 and H21) of Gossypium hirsutum. From these records, chiasma frequencies at each of six positions were determined for nine translocations and at two positions for one. These frequencies were used to calculate recombination frequencies in different chromosome regions, and from these distances the breakpoints in 15 chromosome arms were mapped relative to each other and to their respective centromeres, insofar as the data permitted. The karyotype so derived for twelve chromosomes is in reasonably good agreement with data from genetic mapping, telosome and monosome mapping, and the mitotic idiogram.

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Interactions between the scs and Vi genes in alloplasmic durum wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g94-029 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 210-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. S. Maan

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Chromosomal Location ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Meiotic Chromosome ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Alien Cytoplasm

Two nuclear genes, vitality (Vi) on an A- or B-genome chromosome and species cytoplasm specific (scs) on a 1DL telosome from Triticum aestivum L. or a telosome from Aegilops uniaristata Vis. (un telosome), improved compatibility between the nucleus of Triticum turgidum L. var. durum and the cytoplasm of Ae. longissima S. &M. or Ae. uniaristata. To study interactions between Vi and scs and to determine the chromosomal location of Vi, 29-chromosome fertile plants were crossed with 13 D-genome disomic-substitution (d-sub) lines [except 5D(5A)] of 'Langdon' durum. F1 and backcross progenies were examined for meiotic chromosome number and pairing, fertility, and plant vigor. In 11 crosses, Vi restored seed viability but produced double-monosomics (d-monos) with greatly reduced growth and vigor. In contrast, crosses involving 1D(1A) and 1D(1B) d-sub lines produced d-monos with normal vigor and anthesis but nonfunctional pollen. A backcross of 1D + 1A d-mono F1 and 1D(1A) d-sub lines produced 11 male steriles; 3 had 13 II + 1 II 1D + 1 I 1A, 2 had 13 II + 2 I, 1 had 13 II + 1 II 1D(1A), and 5 were not examined. Crosses of 1D + 1A d-mono F1 with control durum, lo durum (with 1DL), and un durum (with un telosome) lines produced 16 male-sterile d-monos and 14 fertiles with 14 II + 1 I 1D, showing that 15-chromosome female gametes transmitted monosomes 1A and 1D. However, BC2F1's from 1D + 1B d-mono × fertile line with un telosome included 20 male-sterile d-monos, 6 fertile triple monosomics (13 II + 1 I 1D + 1 I 1B + t I un telosome), and 1 fertile plant with a 1B/1D translocation. Unlike d-mono 1A + 1D, d-mono 1B + 1D did not transmit 15-chromosome female gametes with monosomes 1D and 1B. Additional backcrosses also indicated that homozygous scs caused male sterility in 1D(1A) and 1D(1B) d-subs and that the procedure used was not suitable for the chromosomal location of Vi.Key words: alien cytoplasm, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, 1B/1D translocation, aneuploidy, cytoplasmic male sterility.

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Production of durum wheat substitution haploids from durum × maize crosses and their cytological characterization

Genome ◽

10.1139/g00-102 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M Dogramac1-Altuntepe ◽

P P Jauhar

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Maize Pollen ◽

A Genome

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of individual durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) chromosomes on crossability with maize (Zea mays L.) and to cytologically characterize the haploids recovered. Fourteen 'Langdon' (LDN) D-genome disomic substitution lines, a LDN Ph mutant (Ph1b ph1b), and normal 'Langdon' were pollinated with maize pollen. After pollination, hormonal treatment was given daily for up to 14 days. Haploid embryos were obtained from all lines and were aseptically cultured. From a total of 55 358 pollinated florets, 895 embryos were obtained. Only 14 of the embryos germinated and developed into healthy plants. Different substitution lines showed varying degrees of success. The most successful was the substitution 5D(5B) for both embryo formation and haploid plantlet production. These results indicate that the substitution of 5D for 5B confers on durum wheat a greater ability to produce haploids. Fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) showed that the substitution haploids consisted of 7 A-genome chromosomes, 6 B-genome chromosomes, and 1 D-genome chromosome. Triticum urartu Tum. genomic DNA was efficient in probing the 7 A-genome chromosomes, although the D-genome chromosome also showed intermediate hybridization. This shows a close affinity between the A genome and D genome. We also elucidated the evolutionary translocation involving the chromosomes 4A and 7B that occurred at the time of evolution of durum wheat. We found that the distal segment translocated from chromosome 7B constitutes about 24% of the long arm of 4A.Key words: cyclic translocation 4A·5A·7B, crossability, disomic substitution, fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), Triticum turgidum.

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