Molecular characterization and chromosome-specific TRAP-marker development for Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines

The aneuploid stocks of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husnot) and common wheat ( T. aestivum L.) have been developed mainly in ‘Langdon’ (LDN) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) cultivars, respectively. The LDN-CS D-genome chromosome disomic substitution (LDN-DS) lines, where a pair of CS D-genome chromosomes substitute for a corresponding homoeologous A- or B-genome chromosome pair of LDN, have been widely used to determine the chromosomal locations of genes in tetraploid wheat. The LDN-DS lines were originally developed by crossing CS nulli-tetrasomics with LDN, followed by 6 backcrosses with LDN. They have subsequently been improved with 5 additional backcrosses with LDN. The objectives of this study were to characterize a set of the 14 most recent LDN-DS lines and to develop chromosome-specific markers, using the newly developed TRAP (target region amplification polymorphism)-marker technique. A total of 307 polymorphic DNA fragments were amplified from LDN and CS, and 302 of them were assigned to individual chromosomes. Most of the markers (95.5%) were present on a single chromosome as chromosome-specific markers, but 4.5% of the markers mapped to 2 or more chromosomes. The number of markers per chromosome varied, from a low of 10 (chromosomes 1A and 6D) to a high of 24 (chromosome 3A). There was an average of 16.6, 16.6, and 15.9 markers per chromosome assigned to the A-, B-, and D-genome chromosomes, respectively, suggesting that TRAP markers were detected at a nearly equal frequency on the 3 genomes. A comparison of the source of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs), used to derive the fixed primers, with the chromosomal location of markers revealed that 15.5% of the TRAP markers were located on the same chromosomes as the ESTs used to generate the fixed primers. A fixed primer designed from an EST mapped on a chromosome or a homoeologous group amplified at least 1 fragment specific to that chromosome or group, suggesting that the fixed primers might generate markers from target regions. TRAP-marker analysis verified the retention of at least 13 pairs of A- or B-genome chromosomes from LDN and 1 pair of D-genome chromosomes from CS in each of the LDN-DS lines. The chromosome-specific markers developed in this study provide an identity for each of the chromosomes, and they will facilitate molecular and genetic characterization of the individual chromosomes, including genetic mapping and gene identification.

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The inheritance and chromosomal location of a gene for chocolate chaff in durum wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g88-039 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 229-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. F. Konzak ◽

L. R. Joppa

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Chromosomal Location ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Single Recessive Gene ◽

Chromosome Substitution ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

D Genome ◽

B Genome ◽

Aneuploid Chromosome

The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivar 'Vic' was treated with the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N′-nitrosourea and among the M2 progeny a mutant with "chocolate chaff" (designated cc) was identified. Genetic analyses indicated that chocolate chaff is due to a single recessive gene mutation. The penetrance of the gene for chocolate chaff was environmentally influenced and varied from dark blotches on the glumes to complete coloration of culms as well as spikes. To determine the chromosomal location of the gene, the mutant was crossed with a set of 'Langdon' durum disomic substitution lines in which each of the 14 A- and B-genome chromosomes of durum wheat were replaced by their respective D-genome homoeologues. The segregation of cc was normal in all of the crosses except for those with the 7D(7A) and 7D(7B) lines. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 7B, and that chromosome 7D has a gene that prevents the expression of cc when present in one or more copies. It was shown that the 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines can be used to determine the chromosomal location of genes in tetraploid wheat.Key words: Triticum turgidum, aneuploid, chromosome substitution, monosomic, cytogenetics.

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Langdon durum disomic substitution lines and aneuploid analysis in tetraploid wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g88-038 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 222-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

L. R. Joppa ◽

N. D. Williams

Keyword(s):

Chromosomal Location ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Phenotypic Characteristics ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

D Genome ◽

Chromosome Transmission ◽

Complete Set ◽

Aneuploid Analysis

A complete set of disomic substitution lines have been developed in the tetraploid wheat cultivar Langdon (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). These aneuploid lines each have a pair of durum wheat homoeologues replaced by a pair of D-genome chromosomes transferred from 'Chinese Spring' hexaploid wheat. They can be used to determine the chromosomal location of genes, to transfer chromosomes from one cultivar or line of tetraploid wheat to another, to study the cytogenetics of tetraploid wheat, to determine gene linkages, and to identify chromosomes involved in translocations. Their phenotypic characteristics, their cytogenetic behavior, and suggested methods for their use are described.Key words: cytogenetics, monosomic, chromosome transmission, telosomic, chromosome substitution.

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Chromosomal location of genes for supernumerary spikelet in tetraploid wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g90-076 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 515-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D. L. Klindworth ◽

N. D. Williams ◽

L. R. Joppa

Keyword(s):

Chromosomal Location ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

D Genome ◽

Strong Inhibitor ◽

Branched Spike ◽

Chinese Spring Wheat ◽

Monosomic Addition ◽

A Minor

The supernumerary spikelet (SS) trait of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.), including the ramified and four-rowed spike traits, is characterized by an increased number of spikelets per spike. Chromosomal location of the SS gene(s) was determined by crossing the ramified spike line PI349056 to the set of 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines. Double monosomic F1 plants were backcrossed to PI349056 and the testcross F1 plants were classified for chromosome pairing and spike type. Segregation for spike type was observed in the testcross F2. Data indicated that the major SS gene was located on chromosome 2A. Subsequent crosses with the 'Langdon' 2A telosomics indicated that the major SS gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 2A. Segregation of the testcross F2 indicated that a minor SS gene was located on chromosome 2B. Results also indicated that inhibitors of SS may be located on the D-genome chromosomes and an additional experiment was designed to test this hypothesis. Eight D-genome monosomic addition lines were developed by backcrossing PI349056 from one to three times to plants containing D-genome univalents. The test populations contained two cytological types of plants, disomics having 14 pairs of durum chromosomes and D-genome monosomic additions having 14 pairs of durum chromosomes plus a D-genome monosome. Comparison of these two types of plants indicated that chromosome 2D (from 'Chinese Spring' wheat) had a strong inhibitor of SS expression.Key words: Triticum, branched spike, ramified spike, four-rowed spike, cytogenetics.

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Production of durum wheat substitution haploids from durum × maize crosses and their cytological characterization

Genome ◽

10.1139/g00-102 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M Dogramac1-Altuntepe ◽

P P Jauhar

Keyword(s):

In Situ Hybridization ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Maize Pollen ◽

A Genome

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of individual durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) chromosomes on crossability with maize (Zea mays L.) and to cytologically characterize the haploids recovered. Fourteen 'Langdon' (LDN) D-genome disomic substitution lines, a LDN Ph mutant (Ph1b ph1b), and normal 'Langdon' were pollinated with maize pollen. After pollination, hormonal treatment was given daily for up to 14 days. Haploid embryos were obtained from all lines and were aseptically cultured. From a total of 55 358 pollinated florets, 895 embryos were obtained. Only 14 of the embryos germinated and developed into healthy plants. Different substitution lines showed varying degrees of success. The most successful was the substitution 5D(5B) for both embryo formation and haploid plantlet production. These results indicate that the substitution of 5D for 5B confers on durum wheat a greater ability to produce haploids. Fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) showed that the substitution haploids consisted of 7 A-genome chromosomes, 6 B-genome chromosomes, and 1 D-genome chromosome. Triticum urartu Tum. genomic DNA was efficient in probing the 7 A-genome chromosomes, although the D-genome chromosome also showed intermediate hybridization. This shows a close affinity between the A genome and D genome. We also elucidated the evolutionary translocation involving the chromosomes 4A and 7B that occurred at the time of evolution of durum wheat. We found that the distal segment translocated from chromosome 7B constitutes about 24% of the long arm of 4A.Key words: cyclic translocation 4A·5A·7B, crossability, disomic substitution, fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), Triticum turgidum.

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Aneuploid analyses of hybrid necrosis and hybrid chlorosis in tetraploid wheats using the D genome chromosome substitution lines of durum wheat

Genome ◽

10.1139/g92-089 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 594-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Koichiro Tsunewaki

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Hybrid Necrosis ◽

Chromosome Substitution ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽

Complementary Genes ◽

Tetraploid Wheats

Chromosomal locations of the Ne1 gene, one of the two complementary genes for type 1 hybrid necrosis, and two complementary genes, Cs1 and Cs2, for type 2 hybrid chlorosis in tetraploid wheats were determined by aneuploid analyses employing the D genome chromosome substitution lines of 'Langdon' durum wheat. The Ne1 gene of 'Langdon' is located on chromosome 5B, whereas the Cs1 gene of Triticum dicoccum 'Hokudai' and the Cs2 gene of T. timopheevi are located on chromosomes 5A and 4G, respectively. Chromosomes 4B and 4G show almost complete functional compensation, though they rarely pair with each other, but chromosome 4D of T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' has only half the ability of chromosome 4G in compensating for chromosome 4B on the fertilization ability of the male gamete. The results have demonstrated the usefulness of the D genome chromosome substitution lines of durum wheat for determining the chromosomes carrying major genes in tetraploid wheat. The results of these studies support the reallocation of chromosome 4A to the B genome.Key words: durum wheat, hybrid necrosis, hybrid chlorosis, aneuploid analyses, chromosome substitution lines.

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A cytological and molecular analysis of D-genome chromosome retention following F2–F6 generations of hexaploid×tetraploid wheat crosses

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sriram Padmanaban ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

Mark W. Sutherland ◽

Noel L. Knight ◽

Anke Martin

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Food Crops ◽

Cytological Analysis ◽

Genome Chromosome ◽

D Genome ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

F2 Generation ◽

Global Food

Both hexaploid bread wheat (AABBDD) (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid durum wheat (AABB) (T. turgidum spp. durum) are highly significant global food crops. Crossing these two wheats with different ploidy levels results in pentaploid (AABBD) F1 lines. This study investigated the differences in the retention of D chromosomes between different hexaploid × tetraploid crosses in subsequent generations by using molecular and cytological techniques. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the retention of D chromosomes in the F2 generation depending on the parents of the original cross. One of the crosses, 2WE25 × 950329, retained at least one copy of each D chromosome in 48% of its F2 lines. For this cross, the retention or elimination of D chromosomes was determined through several subsequent self-fertilised generations. Cytological analysis indicated that D chromosomes were still being eliminated at the F5 generation, suggesting that in some hexaploid × tetraploid crosses, D chromosomes are unstable for many generations. This study provides information on the variation in D chromosome retention in different hexaploid × tetraploid wheat crosses and suggests efficient strategies for utilising D genome retention or elimination to improve bread and durum wheat, respectively.

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Identification of Chromosome Locations of Genes Affecting Preharvest Sprouting and Seed Dormancy Using Chromosome Substitution Lines in Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2009.10.0589 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1180-1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Shiaoman Chao ◽

Steven S. Xu ◽

Elias M. Elias ◽

Justin D. Faris ◽

Mark E. Sorrells

Keyword(s):

Seed Dormancy ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Preharvest Sprouting ◽

Chromosome Substitution ◽

Substitution Lines ◽

Chromosome Substitution Lines

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Development and characterization of Triticum turgidum – Aegilops comosa and T. turgidum – Ae. markgrafii amphidiploids

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2019-0215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 263-273

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Zuo ◽

Qin Xiang ◽

Shoufen Dai ◽

Zhongping Song ◽

Tingyu Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Improvement ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Unreduced Gametes ◽

Stripe Rust Resistance ◽

Aegilops Comosa ◽

Direct Hybridization

Aegilops comosa and Ae. markgrafii are diploid progenitors of polyploidy species of Aegilops sharing M and C genomes, respectively. Transferring valuable genes/traits from Aegilops into wheat is an alternative strategy for wheat genetic improvement. The amphidiploids between diploid species of Aegilops and tetraploid wheat can act as bridges to overcome obstacles from direct hybridization and can be developed by the union of unreduced gametes. In this study, we developed seven Triticum turgidum – Ae. comosa and two T. turgidum – Ae. markgrafii amphidiploids. The unreduced gametes mechanisms, including first-division restitution (FDR) and single-division meiosis (SDM), were observed in triploid F1 hybrids of T. turgidum – Ae. comosa (STM) and T. turgidum – Ae. markgrafii (STC). Only FDR was observed in STC hybrids, whereas FDR or both FDR and SDM were detected in the STM hybrids. All seven pairs of M chromosomes of Ae. comosa and C chromosomes of Ae. markgrafii were distinguished by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes pSc119.2 and pTa71 combinations with pTa-535 and (CTT)12/(ACT)7, respectively. Meanwhile, the chromosomes of tetraploid wheat and diploid Aegilops parents were distinguished by the same FISH probes. The amphidiploids possessed specific valuable traits such as multiple tillers, large seed size related traits, and stripe rust resistance that could be utilized in the genetic improvement of wheat.

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