Effect of Selection for Chip Colour on Some Economic Traits of Potatoes

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. da S. Pereira ◽  
G. C. C. Tai ◽  
R. Y. Yada ◽  
T. R. Tarn ◽  
V. Souza-Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Traits ◽  
Chip Colour ◽  
Selection For

Preliminary genetic analyses of voluntarily supplied disease data in Australian dairy herds

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Haile-Mariam ◽  
M. E. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Health Event ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Improvement Scheme ◽  
Environmental Measures

Health disorders data collected from Australian dairy herds were analysed to estimate incidence levels and genetic parameters for some diseases traits and to examine the consequence of selection for Australian profit ranking (the economic index in Australia) and other economic traits on incidence of some diseases. Data on disease problems including udder, leg, reproductive and ‘all disorders’ were extracted from the Australian Dairy Herd Improvement Scheme database for cows that calved in 2007 and 2008 and were analysed fitting a linear sire model. The occurrence of disease problems was as high as 0.3 if ‘all disorders’ were put into one group. Five percent of the cows that calved showed leg problems and the incidence of udder problems was ~0.13. The heritability of all disease problems ranged from 0.01 for reproductive problems to 0.03 for udder problems. The results showed that selection on milk yield traits will likely increase the frequency of all health disorders. Although selection on udder depth and somatic cell count helps to mitigate the possible genetic deterioration in udder problems, it is unlikely to avoid it totally. Therefore, more effort to collect and analyse health event data from Australia dairy herds could help to better design genetic and environmental measures to reduce the consequence of health problems.

Influence of the correlation between growth rate and backfat on selection response in pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
P. R. Bampton ◽  
A. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Backfat levels in pigs have declined rapidly in the last decade and are approaching an economic optimum. As optimal levels of backfat are achieved this has two important implications for selection objectives. First, the relative emphasis of selection will shift to other traits, particularly lean growth rate. Second, there will also be a move towards ad libitum feeding on performance test to allow expression of appetite and to increase response to selection for lean growth rate. The effect of very lean pigs coupled with ad libitum feeding may result in changes in the genetic and phenotypic relationship between growth rate and fat depths. Reported genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth rate and backfat range from +0.3 on ad libitum feeding to -0.3 on restricted feeding. In most performance testing regimes the key relationship is between growth rate and ultrasonic fat depths which in contrast to other economic traits are often unfavourably correlated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Genomic Selection for Seven Economic Traits in Yellow Drum (Nibea albiflora)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijia Liu ◽  
Linsong Dong ◽  
Linlin Gu ◽  
Zhaofang Han ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Informative Snps ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Nibea Albiflora ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Swimming Bladder

AbstractYellow drum (Nibea albiflora) is an important maricultural fish in China, and genetic improvement is necessary for this species. This research evaluated the application of genomic selection methods to predict the genetic values of seven economic traits for yellow drum. Using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we estimated the genetic parameters for seven traits, including body length (BL), swimming bladder index (SBI), swimming bladder weight (SBW), body thickness (BT), body height (BH), body length/body height ratio (LHR), and gonad weight index (GWI). The heritability estimates ranged from 0.309 to 0.843. We evaluated the prediction performance of various statistical methods, and no one method provided the highest predictive ability for all traits. We then evaluated and compared the use of genome-wide association study (GWAS)–informative SNPs and random SNPs for prediction and found that GWAS-informative SNPs obviously increased. It only needed 5 and 100 informative SNPs for LHR and BT to achieve almost the same predictive abilities as using genome-wide SNPs, and for BL, SBI, SBW, BH, and GWI, about 1000 to 3000 informative SNPs were needed to achieve whole-genome level predictive abilities. It can be concluded from the test results that breeders can use fewer SNPs to save the breeding costs of genomic selection for some traits.

BREEDING FOR FEED EFFICIENCY: POULTRY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. FAIRFULL ◽  
J. R. CHAMBERS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Selection For

In egg-type poultry, variation in egg mass, body weight and change in body weight account for about 50–70% of the variation in feed consumed. In meat-type poultry, about 40% of the variation in feed consumption is attributable to variation in change of body weight (gain), and body weight itself. Past selection, primarily for egg numbers and egg size (egg mass) in egg stocks and for gain in meat stocks, has resulted in a correlated improvement in feed efficiency. Heterosis from breed or strain crosses contributes an average of 6% to improvement of feed efficiency in both egg and meat stocks. The success of direct selection for feed efficiency depends upon variation in feed consumption not attributable to economic traits in present poultry selection programs. There is evidence that such variation exists which could be successfully exploited in poultry. In egg stocks, the evidence is mainly from studies of variation within and between strains. In meat stocks, there is evidence from uni-trait selection studies as well as studies of within and between strain variation. The degree to which such selection would be successful in a multi-trait selection program and the economic viability of such success as compared to alternatives needs to be determined. Improvement of feed efficiency is possible by reducing feed requirements for maintenance and activity, by reducing behaviors causing feed wastage, or by reducing body fat to require less feed energy per unit gain. Feed wastage can be reduced by management techniques. Thus, the exploitation of feed-wasting behavior is not presently necessary. The best prospects are those associated with maintenance energy requirements in both egg and meat stocks of poultry, and the reduction of body fat in meat stocks. It is improbable that the opportunities for breeding to improve feed efficiency have been exhausted, much less identified. Key words: Breeding, feed efficiency, poultry, selection

Selection for Resistance to Marek's Disease in Conjunction with Other Economic Traits in Chickens

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Friars ◽  
J. R. Chambers ◽  
A. Kennedy ◽  
A. D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Selection For

The influence of reproductive traits on the capture of genetic gain

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Haines ◽  
Robert R. Woolaston
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Selection For

The effect of unavoidable selection for reproductive traits, when deriving the production population from the breeding population, is considered in terms of genetic gain in economic traits. The resultant reduction in genetic gain is likely to be sufficient to constitute a major obstacle to the use of a particular propagation strategy only when (i) the proportion of genotypes that can be propagated is very low; (ii) the proportion of genotypes to be retained for the production population is relatively high and the proportion that can be propagated is low; (iii) strong adverse correlations between economic and reproductive traits coincide with a high retained proportion and (or) a low propagation rate.

scholarly journals Genomic Signatures of Domestication Selection in the Australasian Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Baesjou ◽  
Maren Wellenreuther
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Admixture Analysis ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Genome Scans ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Domestication Selection ◽  
Selection For

Domestication of teleost fish is a recent development, and in most cases started less than 50 years ago. Shedding light on the genomic changes in key economic traits during the domestication process can provide crucial insights into the evolutionary processes involved and help inform selective breeding programmes. Here we report on the recent domestication of a native marine teleost species in New Zealand, the Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus). Specifically, we use genome-wide data from a three-generation pedigree of this species to uncover genetic signatures of domestication selection for growth. Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) was used to generate genome-wide SNP data from a three-generation pedigree to calculate generation-wide averages of FST between every generation pair. The level of differentiation between generations was further investigated using ADMIXTURE analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). After that, genome scans using Bayescan, LFMM and XP-EHH were applied to identify SNP variants under putative selection following selection for growth. Finally, genes near candidate SNP variants were annotated to gain functional insights. Analysis showed that between generations FST values slightly increased as generational time increased. The extent of these changes was small, and both ADMIXTURE analysis and PCA were unable to form clear clusters. Genome scans revealed a number of SNP outliers, indicative of selection, of which a small number overlapped across analyses methods and populations. Genes of interest within proximity of putative selective SNPs were related to biological functions, and revealed an association with growth, immunity, neural development and behaviour, and tumour repression. Even though few genes overlapped between outlier SNP methods, gene functionalities showed greater overlap between methods. While the genetic changes observed were small in most cases, a number of outlier SNPs could be identified, of which some were found by more than one method. Multiple outlier SNPs appeared to be predominately linked to gene functionalities that modulate growth and survival. Ultimately, the results help to shed light on the genomic changes occurring during the early stages of domestication selection in teleost fish species such as snapper, and will provide useful candidates for the ongoing selective breeding in the future of this and related species.

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