Prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) and spurge (Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.) response to wide row and ultra narrow row cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) management systems

An experiment was conducted at two locations in Georgia and two locations in North Carolina during 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed management in conventional-tillage bromoxynil-resistantGossypium hirsutumL. (cotton). The weed management systems evaluated included different combinations of fluometuron preemergence (PRE), bromoxynil or bromoxynil plus MSMA early postemergence (EPOST), bromoxynil postemergence (POST), and cyanazine plus MSMA late post-directed (LAYBY). Fluometuron PRE improved control ofAcanthospermum hisptdiumDC. (bristly starbur),Cassia occidentalisL. (coffee senna),Chenopodium albumL. (common lambsquarters),Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC. (Florida beggarweed),Sida spinosaL. (prickly sida),Jacquemontia tamnifolia(L.) Griseb. (smallflower morningglory), andAnoda cristata(L.) Schlecht. (spurred anoda), compared to system that did not use fluometuron PRE. It also improvedG. hirsutumyields at three four locations. Bromoxynil-containing systems provided better weed control and higherG. hirsutumyields than systems without bromoxynil. Bromoxynil EPOST controlledA. hispidium, C. occidentalis, C. album, D. tortuosum, S. spinosa, J. tamnifolia, andA. cristata.Control of these species was frequently improved by a second application of bromoxynil POST. Bromoxynil EPOST, POST, or EPOST plus POST did not controlSenna obtusifolia(L.) Irwin and Barneby (sicklepod), but the addition of MSMA to bromoxynil EPOST improvedS. obtusifoliacontrol. Control of all dicotyledonous weeds was improved by a LAYBY treatment of cyanazine plus MSMA, and yields were improved at three of four locations with this treatment.Gossypium hirsutumwas not injured by POST treatments of bromoxynil, and only temporary injury resulted from POST treatments of MSMA.

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Competition of Prickly Sida with Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500033051 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 106-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

G.A. Buchanan ◽

R.H. Crowley ◽

R.D. McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Plant Height ◽

Cotton Plant ◽

Total Yield ◽

Growing Season ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Weed Density ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida

Seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) yields were not reduced when competing with prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) for 7 weeks or less after cotton emergence and maintained weed-free for the remainder of the season. Cotton yields were not affected when pure prickly sida stands were controlled for 5 to 6 weeks after cotton emergence and then allowed to grow uncontrolled for the remainder of the season. In the more severe weed competition treatments, cotton plant height and main stem diameter were reduced; however, yield of seed cotton was the most sensitive indicator of prickly sida competition. Maturity of cotton, as measured by percent of total yield obtained at first picking, indicated a delay in maturity in 1 of 3 yr in treatments where competing prickly sida was present for 8 weeks or more. In density studies, where prickly sida emerged with cotton and was allowed to compete for the full growing season, 45 prickly sida plants/15 m of row caused reductions in yield of seed cotton in two of five experiments. In another series of three experiments as few as 32 prickly sida plants/15 m of row significantly reduced seed cotton yields in two of the three experiments. Trash content of machine-harvested cotton was increased at densities of 64 and 128 prickly sida plants/15 m of row in one experiment. Staple length and grade of cotton were not affected by any weed density studied. Micronaire measurements of cotton were reduced at prickly sida densities of 64 and 128 weeds/15 m of row during 1972.

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Influence of Time of Planting and Distance from the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Row of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa), and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) on Competitiveness with Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061245 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 568-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. A. Buchanan ◽

J. E. Street ◽

R. H. Crowley

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Weed Species ◽

Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Pitted Morningglory ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida

Influence of time of planting and distance from the cotton row of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL.), prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.) on yield of seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) was determined on Decatur clay loam during 1975 through 1978. Weed growth was measured in 1977 and 1978. Seeds of the three weed species were planted 15, 30, or 45 cm from the cotton row at time of planting cotton or 4 weeks later. Weeds planted 4 weeks after planting cotton grew significantly less than did weeds planted at the same time as cotton. When planted with cotton, redroot pigweed produced over twice as much fresh weight as did prickly sida or pitted morningglory. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect weed growth in 1978, but did in 1977. The distance that weeds were planted from the cotton row did not affect their competitiveness in any year as measured by yield of cotton. However, in each year, yields of cotton were reduced to a greater extent by weeds planted with cotton than when planted 4 weeks later. In 3 of 4 yr, there were significant differences in competitiveness of each of the three weed species with cotton.

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Absorption and Translocation of Tetrafluron in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500061221 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 557-565

Author(s):

H. Pinto ◽

F. T. Corbin

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Liquid Culture ◽

Datura Stramonium ◽

Radioactive Material ◽

Rapid Absorption ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida ◽

Very High

Roots of 10- and 14-day-old seedlings and excised leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Coker 310’), jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L. ‘Florigiant’), and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) were treated with ring-labeled 14C-tetrafluron {N,N-dimethyl-N′-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl] urea} in liquid culture. Herbicide absorption and subsequent translocation were limited in peanuts, intermediate in cotton, and very high in jimsonweed and prickly sida. Absorption of 14C-tetrafluron increased with time in 10- and 14-day-old seedlings. After 6 h, 10-day-old jimsonweed had absorbed as much as 50% of the initial 10-μg dose, whereas peanuts absorbed only 10%. Almost 100% uptake was observed after 48 h with 14-day-old seedlings of jimsonweed and prickly sida. Methanol-extracted 14C increased with time, and was higher for the weeds than for the crops. Only a small fraction of methanol-insoluble radioactive material was obtained, with the largest value in 14-day-old cotton at 48 h (3.0%). Autoradiographs demonstrated more rapid translocation of radioactivity from roots to shoots in jimsonweed and prickly sida than in cotton and peanuts. Limited absorption and translocation of tetrafluron in seedlings of peanut and cotton, and the rapid absorption and subsequent accumulation of high concentrations in seedlings of jimsonweed and prickly sida, are proposed to explain the selective action observed.

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Narrow row cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under saline conditions

Irrigation Science ◽

10.1007/bf00446003 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

L. E. Francois

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽

Narrow Row

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Phytotoxicity of Methazole to Prickly Sida and Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500037905 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 409-414

Author(s):

E. R. Butts ◽

C. L. Foy

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Plant Size ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida ◽

Over The Top

The differential tolerance of prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) to methazole [2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione]was studied under greenhouse conditions. Methazole at dosages up to 8.96 kg/ha did not affect emergence of either species. Applications via nutrient solution, as well as preemergence and postemergence (over-the-top) treatments were phytotoxic to both species, becoming more pronounced with increasing concentration and time. However, a margin of selectivity between species occurred at dosages from 0.56 to 3.36 kg/ha preemergence. Directed sprays of methazole were not injurious to cotton. Selectivity would be influenced by plant size and method of application as well as biochemical differences between species.

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Effect of Weed Species and Placement on Seed Cotton Yields

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500066169 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 353-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. L. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Growing Season ◽

Abutilon Theophrasti ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Weed Species ◽

Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽

Intense Competition ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida ◽

Anoda Cristata

Over a 3-yr period the placement of weeds in relation to cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) plants greatly influenced the seed cotton yields. After 3-yr of competition the cotton with no weeds yielded about 2300 kg/ha. With weeds confined to between-the-rows placement, yields were about 850 kg/ha. When weeds were confined to in-the-row placement, the cotton was completely shaded and produced no yield. After 3-yr of intense competition throughout each entire growing season no statistical differences were demonstrated between the competitiveness of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], spurred anoda [Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.], prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) to cotton.

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Prickly Sida Control and Competition in Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500035189 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 137-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

H. W. Ivy ◽

R. S. Baker

Keyword(s):

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Field Studies ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida ◽

Staple Length

In field studies combinations of herbicides applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence were compared for control of prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 7A’). All plots received an application of α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) incorporated into the soil prior to planting. Additional preemergence applications increased control of prickly sida 94% with 1,1-dimethyl-3-α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) and 53% with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron). Seven postemergence treatments evaluated were at least partially effective in controlling prickly sida. However, trifluralin applied preplant followed by fluometuron applied preemergence gave the most effective prickly sida control in combination with all post-emergence treatments. Prickly sida populations of 130 plants per square meter competed with cotton all season and reduced yield 41 and 37% in 1969 and 1970, respectively. Prickly sida did not appear to affect cotton grade or staple length.

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Primary Root Elongation of Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500036493 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 47-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D. H. Teem ◽

C. S. Hoveland ◽

G. A. Buchanan

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Gossypium Hirsutum ◽

Root Elongation ◽

Primary Root ◽

Weed Species ◽

Ipomoea Purpurea ◽

Primary Root Growth ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Ph Range ◽

Prickly Sida

Primary root elongation of prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.) at pH 5.5 was similar to that at pH 6.5 while sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.) was reduced to 62% and tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea(L.) Roth] to 87% of that at pH 6.5. At pH 5.1, root elongation of prickly sida was reduced to 77% of that at pH 5.5. Some elongation was observed in the pH range of 5.1 to 6.5 for all species. Maximum primary root growth of tall morningglory, sicklepod, and prickly sida occurred at approximately 32° which was similar to that for cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Empire’). Temperature as high as 39° did not significantly reduce root elongation of sicklepod. Tall morningglory root growth was reduced approximately 50% by 0.2 ppm of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). In contrast, sicklepod and prickly sida root growth was reduced only slightly by 1 ppm of trifluralin.

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