Entrepreneurship and Innovation at the Base of the Pyramid: A Recipe for Inclusive Growth or Social Exclusion?

Abstract Since entrepreneurship was conceptualised as a panacea for achieving inclusive growth in the “base of the pyramid” (BoP) regions, various ways have been explored to leverage this powerful tool, such as helping potential entrepreneurs build the resource base and capabilities. However, given the severe resources constraints in the BoP regions, such a goal is difficult to achieve. Besides, due to the high demands on personal competence, only a few people can benefit from this method, which fails to solve the problem of social exclusion in the BoP regions. Therefore, we aim to find a better way to leverage entrepreneurship to tackle the problem of the BoP regions by calling for more attention to the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship. Based on data of inclusive entrepreneurs in Zhejiang, China, we construct a three-stage model for inclusive entrepreneurship. We also apply Transaction Cost Economics to look for determinants that foster inclusive entrepreneurship and validate our main assertion that decreasing transaction cost significantly helps to increase the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship, and different phases of inclusive entrepreneurship (i.e., opportunity inclusiveness, participation inclusiveness, and sharing inclusiveness) are influenced by different sets of determinants of transaction costs.

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Social and Occupational Activation of People at Risk of Social Exclusion in Poland Against the Background of the EU Cohesion Policy

Comparative Professional Pedagogy ◽

10.1515/rpp-2017-0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Jan Sikora

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Supported Employment ◽

Economic Problem ◽

Inclusive Growth ◽

Cohesion Policy ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Cultural Conditions ◽

High Employment ◽

Research Orientations

Abstract The subject of the article is social and occupational activation of persons at risk of social exclusion. The phenomenon of social exclusion is an important socio-economic problem today and an important area for the implementation of the priorities of EU cohesion policy. This policy sets out the indicators to be achieved by 2020. Among the specific measures to achieve the set goals particularly significant is the implementation of the concept of supported employment targeted at people at risk of social exclusion. It has been outlined that the core document defining current EU policies and guidelines is the aforementioned “Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, EUROPE 2020” setting out the following key priorities for the focus of for EU Member States: 1) intelligent development - development of knowledge- and innovation based economy, 2) sustainable development - supporting a more resource efficient, more environmentally-friendly, and more competitive economy, 3) inclusive growth - supporting economy with high employment rate which ensures social and territorial cohesion. It has been stated that. “National Strategy for Social Integration for Poland” the areas of exclusion include: 1) living in unfavorable economic conditions, 2) unfavorable effect of social processes resulting from massive, dynamic developmental changes, 3) insufficient life capital, 4) lack of access to appropriate institutions, 5) experiencing discrimination, 6) personal traits that hinder the use of common social resources. It seems that the basis task of a researcher in this context is not so much solving but rather identification of a problem stemming from objective conditions generating phenomena of marginalization and social exclusion. This analytical effort, taken in the frames of different research orientations is aimed at changing mechanisms ruling this process. It is not so much about providing universal solutions as these may be different for each society and must be looked for taking consideration of local economic and specific cultural conditions.

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Measuring and monitoring inclusive growth in developing and advanced economies: multiple definitions, open questions and some constructive proposals

Reframing Global Social Policy ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447332497.003.0006 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephan Klasen

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Well Being ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Inclusive Growth ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Open Questions ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

Definition Of ◽

Developing And Developed Countries

Inclusive growth has been proposed as another approach to ensuring that economic growth promotes well-being for all. At the same time, the precise definition of inclusive growth, its relation to related concepts, such as pro-poor growth, social exclusion, or inequality, is not very clear. This chapter proposes a way to define inclusive growth, differentiate from related concepts, and propose particular indicators that can be used to monitor inclusive growth in developing and developed countries.

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Christopher Deeming and Paul Smyth (eds) (2019), Reframing Global Social Policy: Social investment for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, Bristol: Policy Press, £19.99, pp. 368, pbk.

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279419000321 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (03) ◽

pp. 646-648

Author(s):

Alexandra Kaasch

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

Inclusive Growth ◽

Social Investment

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Mapping Social Exclusion in India

10.1017/cbo9781107296947 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Keyword(s):

Social Exclusion

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The Mental Health and Social Exclusion European Network

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.3.245 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luigi Leonori ◽

Manuel Muñoz ◽

Carmelo Vázquez ◽

José J. Vázquez ◽

Mary Fe Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

European Union ◽

Social Exclusion ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Outcome Evaluation ◽

World Federation ◽

The European Union ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Homeless Mentally Ill ◽

The Impact

This report concerns the activities developed by the Mental Health and Social Exclusion (MHSE) Network, an initiative supported by the Mental Health Europe (World Federation of Mental Health). We report some data from the preliminary survey done in five capital cities of the European Union (Madrid, Copenhagen, Brussels, Lisbon, and Rome). The main aim of this survey was to investigate, from a mostly qualitative point of view, the causal and supportive factors implicated in the situation of the homeless mentally ill in Europe. The results point out the familial and childhood roots of homelessness, the perceived causes of the situation, the relationships with the support services, and the expectations of future of the homeless mentally ill. The analysis of results has helped to identify the different variables implicated in the social rupture process that influences homelessness in major European cities. The results were used as the basis for the design of a more ambitious current research project about the impact of the medical and psychosocial interventions in the homeless. This project is being developed in 10 capital cities of the European Union with a focus on the program and outcome evaluation of the health and psychosocial services for the disadvantaged.

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