scholarly journals Social and Occupational Activation of People at Risk of Social Exclusion in Poland Against the Background of the EU Cohesion Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Jan Sikora
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Supported Employment ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Research Orientations

Abstract The subject of the article is social and occupational activation of persons at risk of social exclusion. The phenomenon of social exclusion is an important socio-economic problem today and an important area for the implementation of the priorities of EU cohesion policy. This policy sets out the indicators to be achieved by 2020. Among the specific measures to achieve the set goals particularly significant is the implementation of the concept of supported employment targeted at people at risk of social exclusion. It has been outlined that the core document defining current EU policies and guidelines is the aforementioned “Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth, EUROPE 2020” setting out the following key priorities for the focus of for EU Member States: 1) intelligent development - development of knowledge- and innovation based economy, 2) sustainable development - supporting a more resource efficient, more environmentally-friendly, and more competitive economy, 3) inclusive growth - supporting economy with high employment rate which ensures social and territorial cohesion. It has been stated that. “National Strategy for Social Integration for Poland” the areas of exclusion include: 1) living in unfavorable economic conditions, 2) unfavorable effect of social processes resulting from massive, dynamic developmental changes, 3) insufficient life capital, 4) lack of access to appropriate institutions, 5) experiencing discrimination, 6) personal traits that hinder the use of common social resources. It seems that the basis task of a researcher in this context is not so much solving but rather identification of a problem stemming from objective conditions generating phenomena of marginalization and social exclusion. This analytical effort, taken in the frames of different research orientations is aimed at changing mechanisms ruling this process. It is not so much about providing universal solutions as these may be different for each society and must be looked for taking consideration of local economic and specific cultural conditions.

scholarly journals Digitalization of the EU Economies and People at Risk of Poverty or Social Exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksy Kwilinski ◽  
Oleksandr Vyshnevskyi ◽  
Henryk Dzwigol
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Despite the fact that a comprehensive analysis of digitalization processes in the EU member states has been carried out, the impact of a country’s digitalization level on the risks of poverty and social exclusion requires further investigation. The purpose of the paper is to verify a hypothesis that a higher level of national digitalization provides positive trends in reducing the risks of poverty and social exclusion for the population. The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) was used to evaluate the digitalization levels of the EU countries. The indicator “People at risk of poverty or social exclusion” (AROPE) was applied to estimate the poverty level. As the main research methods, the authors used a comparative and correlation analysis with respect to the above-mentioned indicators, as well as the Monte Carlo method in order to evaluate the probability of a change in the indicator “population at risk of poverty or social exclusion” in 2021. The EU countries with higher digitalization levels have a lower percentage of the population at risk of poverty and social exclusion. However, a higher digitalization level of the EU member states does not provide an accelerated risk reduction of poverty and social exclusion. Statistical calculations with respect to the entire population of these countries mainly indicate reverse processes. At the same time, a further reduction of poverty and social exclusion level is less probable in the countries with a higher level of digitalization. For relatively poor segments of the population (the 1st and 2nd quintiles by income) in the EU member states, the level of digitalization does not play a significant role. For relatively wealthy segments of the population (the 3rd and 4th quintiles by income) the authors noticed a pattern: the higher the level of digitalization is, the lower the risk of poverty and social exclusion becomes. A pairwise comparison of countries with initially similar AROPE values showed that in most cases (3 out of 5), the countries with higher levels of digitalization showed a more significant reduction in poverty and social exclusion. However, the probability of further positive changes in this area is higher for the countries with a lower level of digitalization.

Analisi della distribuzione dell'esclusione sociale in Italia

2009 ◽  
pp. 145-161
Author(s):  
Ambra Poggi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social

- Social exclusion can be defined as a process leading to a state of multiple functioning deprivations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social exclusion distribution in Italy from 1997 to 2000. Our purpose is to better understand the factors affecting the extent to which individuals change place in the social exclusion distribution. The focus is on both mobility and persistence; we identify population sub-groups at risk of experiencing severe deprivations for longer periods. JEL I3, J6

Broaden the Pathway to Inclusive Entrepreneurship: A Transaction Cost Proposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Du ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Yanbing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Base Of The Pyramid ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Personal Competence

Abstract Since entrepreneurship was conceptualised as a panacea for achieving inclusive growth in the “base of the pyramid” (BoP) regions, various ways have been explored to leverage this powerful tool, such as helping potential entrepreneurs build the resource base and capabilities. However, given the severe resources constraints in the BoP regions, such a goal is difficult to achieve. Besides, due to the high demands on personal competence, only a few people can benefit from this method, which fails to solve the problem of social exclusion in the BoP regions. Therefore, we aim to find a better way to leverage entrepreneurship to tackle the problem of the BoP regions by calling for more attention to the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship. Based on data of inclusive entrepreneurs in Zhejiang, China, we construct a three-stage model for inclusive entrepreneurship. We also apply Transaction Cost Economics to look for determinants that foster inclusive entrepreneurship and validate our main assertion that decreasing transaction cost significantly helps to increase the inclusiveness of entrepreneurship, and different phases of inclusive entrepreneurship (i.e., opportunity inclusiveness, participation inclusiveness, and sharing inclusiveness) are influenced by different sets of determinants of transaction costs.

Legal and Axiological Basis for Social Reintegration of Persons Sentenced to Imprisonment and Public Participation in the Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Przemysław Tarwacki
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Polish Society

The article discusses the problem of social reintegration of prisoners, which — despite being raised many a time in the relevant literaturę — remains to be a point of issue. In the light of a recent survey conducted by the Polish Public Opinion Research Centre (hereinafter: CBOS), former convicts are considered by the Polish society as one of the groups of people most at risk of social exclusion. In turn, a report of the Ministry of Justice of 2020, regarding convicted adults, shows that a very large number of people leaving prison return to crime as early as in the first year after being released, which, for obvious reasons, has a negative impact on the internal security of our country. These circumstances encourage one to take a fresh glance at the problem of social reintegration of convicts and to search for additional arguments in favor of extending special support to this group of people. A review of the existing legislation indicates that it allows the principle of individualisation of assistance for the sake of social readaptation of individual convicts to be applied to an unlimited extent. What is strictly limited, however, is the circle of persons who can undertake activities for the social readaptation of prisoners during their imprisonment. The exclusion from the above-mentioned circle of all persons validly convicted of intentional offences is unjustified, and with regard to those members of society who, outside the structures of non-governmental organisations, wish to engage in activities for the social readaptation of convicted persons is downright unlawful, as it is contrary to higher-order legal acts. An in-depth analysis of the law in force leads to the conclusion that argumentation for not treating this social group differently from other individuals most at risk of social exclusion can be found in the constitution itself. On the other hand, a review of lower-order legal acts leads to the observation that since our country's accession to the European Union there have appeared both new measures and additional reasons, different from those traditionally identified in the doctrine of executive criminal law, for investing in any human capital in need of support, including persons sentenced to imprisonment.

Connecting Europe Facility in the system of joint financing of the EU critical infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Robert BALAKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Financing Infrastructure ◽  
The Eu

The study shows components of financial support for the formation and development of critical infrastructure entities in the European Union. The sustainable functioning of critical infrastructure is aimed at the observance of common Union interests, given the existence of differences in the economic policy in different EU Member States. It was found that the development of Trans-European infrastructure programs is carried out within the framework of the EU Cohesion Policy. The Connecting Europe Facility is a key special tool for funding critical infrastructure in the EU transport, energy and digital services sectors. The Fund is mainly used to finance entities aimed at achieving the goals of the European Green Deal. Recommendations for Ukraine to take into account the experience of financial support regulation for the development of the EU critical infrastructure are substantiated. Based on the experience of the EU, the criteria for determining the priority of the project for financing critical infrastructure are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the formation and use of the Connecting Europe Facility as the main common instrument for financing the EU critical infrastructure, a conclusion was made on the feasibility of establishing a critical infrastructure development fund of Ukraine to support financing of key projects in transport, digital and energy infrastructure. Special rules for determining the eligible costs incurred for financing infrastructure projects at the expense of the critical infrastructure development fund of Ukraine are disclosed.

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