Mice fed on a diet enriched with genetically engineered multivitamin corn show no sub-acute toxic effects and no sub-chronic toxicity

Soursop fruit (Annona montana Macf.) is one of the plants can be used as as traditional medicine. This plant contains terpenoid and acetogenin which can cause toxicity. The fruit has a flavor that is tasteless so the innovation becomes probiotic drinks. This drink has been proven as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antihyperuricemia and antidiarrheal. The aim of this study was to know about acute toxicity of probiotic drink of soursop juice using brine shrimp lethality test method which will be indicated by LC50 value. This study used experimental methods conducted in the Laboratory of Farmakoknosi. There are several variations in concentration in this study, namely 10000 ppm, 20000 ppm, 30000 ppm, 40000 ppm, 50000 ppm, 60000 ppm, 70000 ppm, 80000 ppm and replication was done 3 times with total number of test animals used was 270. The results showed that probiotic drink of soursop juice can provide acute toxic effects on test animals with LC50 value of 29717,23 ppm. LC50 values indicate that the mountain soursop probiotic drink is not potentially toxic because it has a value of >1000 ppm.

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THE TOXICITY OF BENZYLPENICILLIN IN ANIMALS ON VITAMIN A DEFICIENT TEST DIET, U.S.P. XIV

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y62-187 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 1685-1692

Author(s):

Eldon M. Boyd ◽

Dorothy A. Mulrooney ◽

Everett J. Sargeant

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Test Diet ◽

Deficient Diet ◽

Effect Change ◽

Unknown Factor ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Young, adult albino mice and rats became more susceptible to the acute and chronic toxic effects of benzylpenicillin after they had been fed vitamin A deficient test diet, U.S.P. XIV, for about 1 month. At and after this interval, there occurred a significant increase in the percentage mortality from a single oral or subcutaneous LD50 of benzylpenicillin in mice and the chronic toxicity of a daily oral 0.1 L-LD50 of benzylpenicillin was augmented in rats. Replacement of vitamin A, in the deficient diet or by daily intramuscular injection, did not affect the increased susceptibility to benzylpenicillin toxicity. A dietary supplement containing nine other vitamins was also without effect. Change in diet alone was not a factor since rats did not become appreciably more susceptible to the toxic effects of a daily oral 0.1 L-LD50 of benzylpenicillin when their diet was changed from a standard laboratory chow to a rachitogenic test diet. Some unknown factor or factors in vitamin A deficient test diet, U.S.P. XIV, therefore, made the animals more susceptible to the toxic effects of benzylpenicillin.

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Acute toxic effects of a novel cyanobacterial toxin on the crustaceans Artemia salina and Daphnia pulex

Archiv für Hydrobiologie ◽

10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/133/1995/61 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69

Author(s):

Marko Reinikainen ◽

Jari Kiviranta ◽

Veikko Ulvi ◽

Marja-Leena Niku-Paavola

Keyword(s):

Daphnia Pulex ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Cyanobacterial Toxin ◽

Acute Toxic

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Acute toxic effects caused by the co-exposure of nanoparticles of ZnO and Cu in rainbow trout

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.084 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 687 ◽

pp. 24-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David Hernández-Moreno ◽

Ana Valdehita ◽

Estefanía Conde ◽

Isabel Rucandio ◽

José María Navas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Acute Toxic

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Effects of Acute and Subchronic Exposure of Topically Applied Fullerene Extracts on the Mouse Skin

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/074823379300900405 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 623-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Mark A. Nelson ◽

Frederick E. Domann ◽

G. Tim Bowden ◽

Stephen B. Hooser ◽

Quintus Fernando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Synthesis ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽

Mouse Skin ◽

Tumor Formation ◽

Skin Tumor ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Acute Toxic

The recent discovery that fullerenes (C60) can be produced in macroscopic quantities has sparked much interest in the chemistry of this unusual molecule. Concerns have also arose about the potential carcinogenic effects of this molecule. We have addressed the potential acute and subchronic toxic effects of fullerenes applied in benzene on the mouse skin. The acute toxic effects measured in this study included epidermal DNA synthesis and the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the epidermis. At the topical dose of fullerenes used in these studies (i.e., 200 ug), we found no effect on either DNA synthesis or ornithine decarboxylase activity over a 72 hour time course after treatment. The subchronic effects of the fullerenes as a mouse skin tumor promoter was assessed by repeatedly applying the chemical to the skin after initiation with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethlybenz-anthracene (DMBA). Repeated administration of the fullerenes for up to 24 weeks post-initiation did not result in either benign or malignant skin tumor formation, whereas promotion with the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) resulted in the formation of benign skin tumors. Our data indicate that fullerenes applied in benzene at a likely industrial exposure level do not cause acute toxic effects on the mouse skin epidermis.

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Acute toxic effects of sustained-release verapamil in chronic renal failure

Archives of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1001/archinte.151.10.2081 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 151 (10) ◽

pp. 2081-2084 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. R. Pritza

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Sustained Release ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Sustained Release Verapamil ◽

Acute Toxic

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ACUTE AND SUB CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES OF PURIFIED WITHANIA SOMNIFERA EXTRACT IN RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i12.29493 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Benny Antony ◽

Merina Benny ◽

Binu T. Kuruvilla ◽

Nishant Kumar Gupta ◽

Anu Sebastian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Dose Level ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Female Rats ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Toxicity Studies ◽

Adverse Effect Level

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic (90 d; repeated dose) toxicity of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extract in rats.Methods: The acute toxicity was evaluated as per OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines 423. Purified ashwagandha extract (PAE) was fed at 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) to overnight fasted female rats. The animals were observed daily for clinical signs of abnormality/mortality. After 14 d, animals were sacrificed and gross pathological changes were recorded. Sub-chronic toxicity of PAE was studied by feeding the extract at 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw daily to rats as per OECD guidelines 408. After 90 d feeding, heamatological and biochemical parameters of treated rats were compared with control animals. Histopathology of all the major organs was also studied.Results: In the acute toxicity study, no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity were observed in any of the animals at maximum recommended dose level of 2000 mg/kg bw; therefore the LD50 is>2000 mg/kg bw in rats. The repeated administration of PAE for 90 d in rats at the maximum dose level of 1000 mg/kg bw did not induce any observable toxic effects, when compared to its corresponding control animals. The hematology and biochemistry profile of treated rats was similar to control animals and difference was non-significant (p>0.05). The histopathology of major organs of all the control and treated animals was normal. In this study the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) was calculated as 1000 mg/kg bw daily for rats.Conclusion: The present study clearly indicates that PAE does not have any toxic effects in animals at the dose evaluated as evidenced by acute and sub chronic toxicity studies in rats.

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