Cross-Divisional Innovation in the Large Corporation: Thoughts and Evidence on Its Value and the Role of the Early Stages of Innovation

Chapter 7 furthers the analysis of the role of anatomical models as cultural currencies capable of transferring value. It does so by expanding the investigation of the early stages of anatomical modelling to include a new setting. In particular, it follows the journey of the Palermitan anatomist and modeller Giuseppe Salerno and his anatomical ‘skeleton’—a specimen that represented the body’s complex web of blood vessels and was presented as the result of anatomical injections. Although Salerno was headed towards Bologna, a major centre of anatomical modelling, he ended his journey in Naples after the nobleman Raimondo di Sangro purchased the skeleton for his own cabinet of curiosities. This chapter considers the creation and viewing of an anatomical display in di Sangro’s Neapolitan Palace from a comparative perspective that highlights how geography and locality played an important part in shaping the culture of mid-eighteenth-century anatomical modelling.

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Limited Influence? The Role of the Party of European Socialists in Shaping Social Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe

Government and Opposition ◽

10.1111/j.1477-7053.2010.01328.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 32-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Michael Holmes ◽

Simon Lightfoot

Keyword(s):

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Social Democracy ◽

Social Democratic ◽

Academic Literature ◽

Early Stages ◽

European Norm ◽

Democratic Parties ◽

Social Democratic Parties

AbstractThis article looks at the role of the Party of European Socialists (PES) in its attempts to shape social democratic parties in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) towards a West European norm. It discusses how existing views in the academic literature on the role of transnational parties are inadequate. We argue that the PES did not play a key role in encouraging the establishment and development of parties in the CEE states from the 2004 enlargement in the early stages of accession. We contend that the overall influence of party federations has been limited, and that these limitations were as much in evidence before enlargement took place as they were afterwards.

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The role of digital artefacts in early stages of distributed innovation processes

Research Policy ◽

10.1016/j.respol.2021.104349 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 104349

Author(s):

Markus C. Becker ◽

Francesco Rullani ◽

Francesco Zirpoli

Keyword(s):

Early Stages ◽

Innovation Processes

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A Gnotobiotic Model to Examine Plant and Microbiome Contributions to Survival under Arsenic Stress

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9010045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

María del Carmen Molina ◽

James F. White ◽

Sara García-Salgado ◽

M. Ángeles Quijano ◽

Natalia González-Benítez

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Early Stages ◽

Bacterial Interaction ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Free Media

So far, the relative importance of the plant and its microbiome in the development of early stages of plant seedling growth under arsenic stress has not been studied. To test the role of endophytic bacteria in increasing plant success under arsenic stress, gnotobiotic seeds of J. montana were inoculated with two endophytic bacteria: Pantoea conspicua MC-K1 (PGPB and As resistant bacteria) and Arthrobacter sp. MC-D3A (non-helper and non-As resistant bacteria) and an endobacteria mixture. In holobiotic seedlings (with seed-vectored microbes intact), neither the capacity of germination nor development of roots and lateral hairs was affected at 125 μM As(V). However, in gnotobiotic seedlings, the plants are negatively impacted by absence of a microbiome and presence of arsenic, resulting in reduced growth of roots and root hairs. The inoculation of a single PGPB (P. conspicua-MCK1) shows a tendency to the recovery of the plant, both in arsenic enriched and arsenic-free media, while the inoculation with Arthrobacter sp. does not help in the recovery of the plants. Inoculation with a bacterial mixture allows recovery of plants in arsenic free media; however, plants did not recover under arsenic stress, probably because of a bacterial interaction in the mixture.

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Conserved segmental expression of Krox-20 in the vertebrate hindbrain and its relationship to lineage restriction

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.113.supplement_2.59 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 113 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 59-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Angela Nieto ◽

Leila C. Bradley ◽

David G. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Expression Pattern ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Cell Lineage ◽

Zinc Finger Gene ◽

Early Stages ◽

Cellular Events ◽

Early Expression ◽

Segmental Expression

The zinc-finger gene Krox-20 is expressed in two alternating segments, rhombomeres (r) 3 and 5, in the developing mouse hindbrain. This expression pattern is established prior to rhombomere formation in the mouse, but it is not known how the timing of expression relates to cellular events of segmentation, such as lineage restriction. We have cloned Krox-20 sequences from Xenopus and the chick and shown that its alternating expression pattern is conserved in these systems, suggesting that its role in hindbrain development is conserved. Analysis of the early stages of Krox-20 expression in the chick show that both domains of expression precede the restriction of cell lineage to specific rhombomeres, consistent with a role of this gene in early events of hindbrain segmentation. The finding that expression is not coincident with lineage restriction indicates that early expression may not reflect an irreversible commitment of cells to r3 and r5 and/or may be mosaic.

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The Role of β-Adrenergic Overstimulation in the Early Stages of Renal Injury

Kidney & Blood Pressure Research ◽

10.1159/000485931 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1277-1289 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mariana Charleaux de Ponte ◽

Fernando Augusto Malavazzi Casare ◽

Juliana Martins Costa-Pessoa ◽

Vanessa Gerolde Cardoso ◽

Gerhard Malnic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Injury ◽

Early Stages

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The role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mechanisms of ischemic myocardial remodeling

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2008-3-33-38 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

A. P. Khlapov ◽

Yu. Yu. Vechersky ◽

N. V. Ryazantseva ◽

V. V. Kalyuzhin ◽

L. R. Mustafina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Left Ventricle ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

High Volume ◽

Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis ◽

Atherosclerotic Disease ◽

Myocardial Remodeling ◽

Early Stages

Here the role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mechanisms of ischemic myocardial remodeling was investigated. The samples of left ventricle were obtained on 50 patients with the diagnosed atherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries and heart failure. Obtained data allow to approve about the maximal importance of cardiomyocyte apoptosis at an early stages of ischemic myocardial remodeling. The role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was decreased at a high volume of left ventricle. The received results suggest about an importance of cardiomyocyte apoptosis as an marker of ischemic myocardial remodeling and heart failure.

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Origins of the avian neural crest: the role of neural plate-epidermal interactions

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.121.2.525 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 525-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

M.A. Selleck ◽

M. Bronner-Fraser

Keyword(s):

Neural Crest ◽

Neural Crest Cell ◽

Neural Crest Cells ◽

Neural Plate ◽

Neural Tube Closure ◽

Whole Embryo Culture ◽

Early Stages ◽

Tissue Interactions ◽

Neural Ectoderm

We have investigated the lineage and tissue interactions that result in avian neural crest cell formation from the ectoderm. Presumptive neural plate was grafted adjacent to non-neural ectoderm in whole embryo culture to examine the role of tissue interactions in ontogeny of the neural crest. Our results show that juxtaposition of non-neural ectoderm and presumptive neural plate induces the formation of neural crest cells. Quail/chick recombinations demonstrate that both the prospective neural plate and the prospective epidermis can contribute to the neural crest. When similar neural plate/epidermal confrontations are performed in tissue culture to look at the formation of neural crest derivatives, juxtaposition of epidermis with either early (stages 4–5) or later (stages 6–10) neural plate results in the generation of both melanocytes and sympathoadrenal cells. Interestingly, neural plates isolated from early stages form no neural crest cells, whereas those isolated later give rise to melanocytes but not crest-derived sympathoadrenal cells. Single cell lineage analysis was performed to determine the time at which the neural crest lineage diverges from the epidermal lineage and to elucidate the timing of neural plate/epidermis interactions during normal development. Our results from stage 8 to 10+ embryos show that the neural plate/neural crest lineage segregates from the epidermis around the time of neural tube closure, suggesting that neural induction is still underway at open neural plate stages.

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Historical, Socio-cultural and International Political Preconditions for the Emergence and Formation of the Australian Union

Problems of World History ◽

10.46869/2707-6776-2020-12-4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 68-90

Author(s):

I. Vietrynskyi

Keyword(s):

Industrial Revolution ◽

Political Processes ◽

Early Stages ◽

South Wales ◽

Australian Continent ◽

Colonial Empire ◽

The Status ◽

The Creation ◽

British Colonies

The article examines the prerequisites for the creation and early stages of development of the Commonwealth of Australia from the founding of the first European colonies prior to the legal formalization of the federation. Also mentioned are the variability of approaches to the development of Australia’s historiography, in particular from the positions of classical English and modern Australian views. Also, the early stages of the development of the continent that preceded the discovery of Australia by Europeans are considered. It analyzes the wide context of geopolitical processes in Europe in the era of imperialism (XVI-XIX centuries), as well as the circumstances of the formation of large colonial empires. In particular, features of the status, place and role of England in the international political processes of the XVIІ and XVIII centuries are shown, and the stages of the formation of the British colonial empire are also considered. The complex of internal socio-economic as well as foreign policy prerequisites for the beginning of the colonization of Australia by Great Britain is analyzed, in particular the attention paid to the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution XVIII. The stages of formation of the British colonies in Australia, as well as the development of the mainland from the establishment of the first settlement - New South Wales until full control of the continent are investigated. The characteristics of the economic, social, political, demographic and other aspects of the development of Australian colonies are analyzed. The article discusses the evolution of trade and administrative relations between individual colonies, as well as the stages of preparation for the creation of a federation, which was called the Commonwealth of Australia and changed the country's colonial position to the dominion status in the British Empire. Particular attention is paid to the international political processes that accompanied the development of the Australian continent, as well as the role of colonial administrations in regional geopolitical processes, in particular the colonization of New Guinea.

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