scholarly journals The role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mechanisms of ischemic myocardial remodeling

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
A. P. Khlapov ◽  
Yu. Yu. Vechersky ◽  
N. V. Ryazantseva ◽  
V. V. Kalyuzhin ◽  
L. R. Mustafina ◽  
...  

Here the role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mechanisms of ischemic myocardial remodeling was investigated. The samples of left ventricle were obtained on 50 patients with the diagnosed atherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries and heart failure. Obtained data allow to approve about the maximal importance of cardiomyocyte apoptosis at an early stages of ischemic myocardial remodeling. The role of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was decreased at a high volume of left ventricle. The received results suggest about an importance of cardiomyocyte apoptosis as an marker of ischemic myocardial remodeling and heart failure.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Charlie J. Sang ◽  
Stephen A. Clarkson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Jackson ◽  
Firas Al Solaiman ◽  
Marc G. Cribbs

Abstract Anomalous coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery are uncommon causes of heart failure in the adult population. This case demonstrates the unusual presentation in a patient with anomalous right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and discusses the complex pathophysiology of this lesion and the role of guideline-directed medical therapy in the management of these patients.


2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. H1583-H1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakima A. Smith ◽  
Langston D. Hughes ◽  
Crystal F. Kline ◽  
Amber N. Kempton ◽  
Lisa E. Dorn ◽  
...  

β2-Spectrin is critical for integrating membrane and cytoskeletal domains in excitable and nonexcitable cells. The role of β2-spectrin for vertebrate function is illustrated by dysfunction of β2-spectrin-based pathways in disease. Recently, defects in β2-spectrin association with protein partner ankyrin-B were identified in congenital forms of human arrhythmia. However, the role of β2-spectrin in common forms of acquired heart failure and arrhythmia is unknown. We report that β2-spectrin protein levels are significantly altered in human cardiovascular disease as well as in large and small animal cardiovascular disease models. Specifically, β2-spectrin levels were decreased in atrial samples of patients with atrial fibrillation compared with tissue from patients in sinus rhythm. Furthermore, compared with left ventricular samples from nonfailing hearts, β2-spectrin levels were significantly decreased in left ventricle of ischemic- and nonischemic heart failure patients. Left ventricle samples of canine and murine heart failure models confirm reduced β2-spectrin protein levels. Mechanistically, we identify that β2-spectrin levels are tightly regulated by posttranslational mechanisms, namely Ca2+- and calpain-dependent proteases. Furthermore, consistent with this data, we observed Ca2+- and calpain-dependent loss of β2-spectrin downstream effector proteins, including ankyrin-B in heart. In summary, our findings illustrate that β2-spectrin and downstream molecules are regulated in multiple forms of cardiovascular disease via Ca2+- and calpain-dependent proteolysis.


Author(s):  
Л.М. Кожевникова ◽  
И.Б. Цорин ◽  
В.Н. Столярук ◽  
М.Б. Вититнова ◽  
В.В. Барчуков ◽  
...  

Цель исследования - оценка уровня экспрессии генов рецепторных и регуляторных белков, участвующих в процессах ремоделирования и сократимости миокарда у крыс с хронической сердечной недостаточностью. Методика. Использован комплекс эхокардиографических и молекулярно-биологических методов исследования. Экспрессию генов оценивали по уровню мРНК в образцах тканей левого желудочка крыс на 92 сут. после перевязки коронарной артерии (опытная группа) или подведения лигатуры под коронарную артерию (группа сравнения). Выделение РНК из тканей левого желудочка сердца проводили с помощью набора GeneJET, синтез кДНК - используя набор RevertAid H Minus First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit («Thermo Fisher Scientific», США), ПЦР-РВ проводили с помощью набора qPCRmix-HS («Евроген», Россия), используя праймеры и флуоресцентные зонды («ДНК-синтез», Россия), согласно протоколам производителей. Результаты. Установлено, что хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) формируется через 90 сут. после воспроизведения переднего трансмурального инфаркта миокарда, о чем свидетельствовало снижение инотропной функции сердца и увеличение конечно-систолического и конечно-диастолического размеров левого желудочка сердца. Показано, что при ХСН повышается экспрессия генов, причастных к ремоделированию миокарда. Так, в биоптатах левого желудочка сердца крыс с ХСН на 41% (p = 0,006) возрастает уровень мРНК для ангиотензиновых рецепторов AT1А-типа, на 33% (р = 0,01) для вазопрессиновых V1A-R и на 71% (p = 0,01) для эндотелиновых ETA-R по сравнению с аналогичными показателями у ложнооперированных животных. У крыс с ХСН уровень мРНК b-AR и b-AR в левом желудочке превышал таковой у ложнооперированных животных соответственно на 35% (p = 0,001) и 48% (p = 0,0001). Выявлен высокий уровень экспрессии генов белков Epac2 и СаМ, играющих ключевую роль в аритмогенезе, что свидетельствует о высокой степени риска развития аритмий при ХСН. Установлено, что у животных с ХСН уровень мРНК для Sigma-R в биоптатах тканей миокарда левого желудочка возрастает на 74% (p = 0,0001) по сравнению с уровнем мРНК в сердцах ложнооперированных крыс, что, по-видимому, носит компенсаторный характер, направленный на поддержание протеостаза, модуляцию активности различных ионных каналов и нормализацию биоэнергетических процессов в миокарде. Заключение. Таким образом, при ХСН в левом желудочке сердца крыс повышается экспрессия генов рецепторных и регуляторных белков, участвующих в процессах ремоделирования миокарда, что может быть одним из механизмов нарушения сократимости миокарда и возникновения злокачественных нарушений сердечного ритма, которые отягощают течение данного заболевания. The purpose. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of expression of receptor and regulatory proteins genes involved in remodeling and myocardial contractility in rats with chronic heart failure. Methods. A complex of echocardiographic and molecular biological research methods was used. Gene expression was assessed by the level of mRNA in tissue samples of the left ventricle of rats extracted on day 92 after the coronary artery ligation (CHF group) or summation of the ligature under the coronary artery (sham-operated group). RNA isolation from the left ventricular tissue of the heart was performed using the GeneJET kit, cDNA synthesis using the RevertAidTM H Minus First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), PCR-RV was performed using the qPCRmix-HS kit (Evrogen, Russia), using primers and fluorescent probes (DNA synthesis, Russia), according to manufacturers protocols. Results. It has been established that chronic heart failure (CHF) is formed 90 days after the reproduction of anterior transmural myocardial infarction, as evidenced by a decrease in heart pumping function and an increase in the end-systolic and end-diastolic sizes of the heart left ventricle. It is shown that CHF increases the expression of genes involved in myocardial remodeling. Thus, in left ventricular biopsy samples of rats with CHF, the level of mRNA for angiotensin receptors of AT1A type increases by 41% (p = 0.006), by 33% (p = 0.01) for vasopressin V1A-R and by 71% (p = 0.01) for endothelin ETA-R compared with similar indicators in sham-operated animals. In rats with CHF, the b1-AR and b2-AR mRNA levels in the left ventricle exceeded that in the sham-operated animals, respectively, by 35% (p = 0.001) and 48% (p = 0.0001). A high level of gene expression of the Epac2 and CaM proteins, which play a key role in arrhythmogenesis, is evidenced, which indicates a high risk of developing arrhythmias in CHF. In animals with CHF, the level of mRNA for Sigma-R in biopsy specimens of left ventricular myocardial tissue was found to increase by 74% (p = 0.0001) compared to the level of mRNA in the hearts of sham-operated rats, that apparently has compensatory character at maintaining proteostasis, modulating the activity of various ion channels and normalizing bioenergetic processes in the myocardium. Conclusion. Thus, with CHF in the left ventricle of the rat heart, gene expression of receptor and regulatory proteins involved in myocardial remodeling increases, which can be one of the mechanisms of violation of myocardial contractility and the occurrence of malignant heart rhythm disorders that make it difficult for the disease.


2021 ◽  
pp. 253-267
Author(s):  
Sukhwinder K. Bhullar ◽  
Anureet K. Shah ◽  
Naranjan S. Dhalla

Author(s):  
Minesh Patel ◽  
G.S. Chakraborthy

Clinical trials are essence for the progress of new treatments. Whether a person should engage confide in on their compassionate of the liability and gain for themselves and for society as an entity. Clinical trials are research review in which people volunteer to attempt major treatments, interventions or experiment as a means to forbid, detect, evaluate or manage assorted diseases or medical conditions. Some investigations glance at how people react to a new arbitration and what side effects valor occur. Every new medicine and treatment initiated with volunteers engage in clinical trials. We incur our present high ideal of medical care to studies that have been operate in the past under guidance of the INDIAN Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition to Research on new drugs and devices, clinical trials bring a scientific footing for urge and treating patients. Even when researchers do not achieve the conclusion they anticipate; trial results can help point scientists in the mend direction. Blood pressure is great because the larger than your blood pressure is, the larger than your risk of health problems in the future. If your blood pressure is higher than it is putting extra ache on your arteries and on your heart. High blood pressure clouts your heart to work higher to pump blood to the comfort of your body. This causes part of your heart (left ventricle) to congeal. A congeal left ventricle high your risk of heart attack, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Heart failure. The arena for clinical trials of hypertension management is in transition. The stage of mega trials may not be bygone but is assuredly in decline. Incremental growth in the therapies assessable in the face of a high global disease hardship has imply that hypertension researchers have also attract on getting beat efficacy and value from the available treatments through arrangement improvement, combinations, and algorithms. There has been go on amuse in the role of nonpharmacological compute in cure and management of hypertension.


Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayane Brinck Teixeira ◽  
Melissa Pfeiffer ◽  
Catherine Karbasiafshar ◽  
Frank W Sellke ◽  
Ruhul Abid

Introduction: Global increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells (EC) plays major roles in cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the precise role of ROS within specific compartments of ECs are not yet known. This study aims to address the role of endothelium-derived cytosolic ROS in myocardial infarction (MI). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that an extended exposure to increased NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived cytosolic ROS in EC would result in a worse post-MI outcome. Methods: Binary conditional transgenic mice expressing NOX2 in an EC-specific manner (NOX2VE) were studied. NOX2VE mice were assigned to tetracycline (Tet)-ON (control) to turn off transgene, or without Tet as Tet-OFF, i.e. NOX2- O ver E xpressing (NOX2VE-OE) groups. After 15 weeks of Tet-ON/OFF treatment, all mice were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation that mimics acute MI (n=10/group). Left ventricle function was assessed by echocardiography 28 days post LAD. Ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricle mass, wall thickness, heart rate, chamber diameter and volume at systole and diastole were analyzed by Student’s t-test. Results: Echocardiographic data showed that mice subjected to an increased NOX2-derived ROS in EC (NOX2VE-OE) presented with 19.3 ± 7.7% and 20.8 ± 7.9% decrease in EF and FS, respectively (p<0.05) compared to control (NOX2VE, Tet-ON). NOX2VE-OE mice showed an increase (by 14.1 ± 3.4%, p<0.01) in diastolic posterior wall thickness (DPWT) suggesting ventricular stiffness. NOX2VE-OE group also showed increased cardiac mass (by 14.0 ± 5.4%, p<0.05), which, along with DPWT indicates hypertrophy with a likelihood to develop heart failure. Interestingly, heart rate, systolic and diastolic chamber volume and diameters, stroke volume, and cardiac output showed no differences between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Together, these results suggest that prolonged exposure to increased cytosolic ROS in coronary EC results in worse cardiac performance and myocardial stiffness, leading to a higher propensity to heart failure after MI. Currently, in vivo signaling studies are being carried out to understand molecular mechanisms by which NOX2-derived ROS in ECs result in impaired cardiac function.


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