scholarly journals Historical, Socio-cultural and International Political Preconditions for the Emergence and Formation of the Australian Union

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-90
Author(s):  
I. Vietrynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
British Colonies

The article examines the prerequisites for the creation and early stages of development of the Commonwealth of Australia from the founding of the first European colonies prior to the legal formalization of the federation. Also mentioned are the variability of approaches to the development of Australia’s historiography, in particular from the positions of classical English and modern Australian views. Also, the early stages of the development of the continent that preceded the discovery of Australia by Europeans are considered. It analyzes the wide context of geopolitical processes in Europe in the era of imperialism (XVI-XIX centuries), as well as the circumstances of the formation of large colonial empires. In particular, features of the status, place and role of England in the international political processes of the XVIІ and XVIII centuries are shown, and the stages of the formation of the British colonial empire are also considered. The complex of internal socio-economic as well as foreign policy prerequisites for the beginning of the colonization of Australia by Great Britain is analyzed, in particular the attention paid to the consequences of the British Industrial Revolution XVIII. The stages of formation of the British colonies in Australia, as well as the development of the mainland from the establishment of the first settlement - New South Wales until full control of the continent are investigated. The characteristics of the economic, social, political, demographic and other aspects of the development of Australian colonies are analyzed. The article discusses the evolution of trade and administrative relations between individual colonies, as well as the stages of preparation for the creation of a federation, which was called the Commonwealth of Australia and changed the country's colonial position to the dominion status in the British Empire. Particular attention is paid to the international political processes that accompanied the development of the Australian continent, as well as the role of colonial administrations in regional geopolitical processes, in particular the colonization of New Guinea.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE FOR THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Vidas-Bubanja ◽  
◽  
Snežana Popovčić-Avrić ◽  
Iva Bubanja ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Role Of Women

Injecting Knowledge

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Dacome
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cabinet Of Curiosities

Chapter 7 furthers the analysis of the role of anatomical models as cultural currencies capable of transferring value. It does so by expanding the investigation of the early stages of anatomical modelling to include a new setting. In particular, it follows the journey of the Palermitan anatomist and modeller Giuseppe Salerno and his anatomical ‘skeleton’—a specimen that represented the body’s complex web of blood vessels and was presented as the result of anatomical injections. Although Salerno was headed towards Bologna, a major centre of anatomical modelling, he ended his journey in Naples after the nobleman Raimondo di Sangro purchased the skeleton for his own cabinet of curiosities. This chapter considers the creation and viewing of an anatomical display in di Sangro’s Neapolitan Palace from a comparative perspective that highlights how geography and locality played an important part in shaping the culture of mid-eighteenth-century anatomical modelling.

Fostering a new industry in the Industrial Revolution: Boulton & Watt and gaslight 1800–1812

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE TOMORY
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Industry

AbstractGaslight emerged as a new industry after 1800 in Britain, but not in other countries in Europe where the technology existed as well. Among the many groups trying, it was only the firm of Boulton & Watt that succeeded in commercializing the invention for two important reasons. The first was that they possessed skills and experience related to ironworking and to making scientific instruments, both of which they used as they developed gaslight apparatus. This development involved an extensive series of experiments that ultimately had its root in James Watt's own work with pneumatic chemistry. The second reason was that they possessed many resources such as access to capital, their existing network of industrial customers, and their abilities to publicize their work. As with the steam engine, the firm proved adept at advertising. Boulton & Watt did not give their full attention to gaslight except in two spurts between 1805 and 1809, and by around 1812 they had lost almost all interest in the technology. By this time, however, they had solved many problems associated with scaling up gaslight apparatus for industrial use, they had trained many people who would go on to do further important work in the early years of the industry, and they had drawn extensive public attention to the new invention. Finally, their advertising involved elevating the status of William Murdoch as an inventor while minimizing the role of the firm.

The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Annemieke Ruttledge ◽  
Ralph D. B. Whalley ◽  
Gregory Falzon ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Brian M. Sindel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Persistent Soil Seed Bank

A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, compared with seeds stored at 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C. Nylon bags containing freshly harvested seeds were buried among N. trichotoma stands in early summer, and germination tests conducted following exhumation after each season over the next 12 months. Seeds buried over summer and summer plus autumn had higher germination than seeds buried over summer plus autumn plus winter, but germination increased again in the subsequent spring. Seeds stored for zero, three, six and 12 months at laboratory temperatures were placed on a thermogradient plate with 81 temperature combinations, followed by incubation at constant 25°C of un-germinated seeds. Constant high or low temperatures prolonged primary dormancy or induced secondary dormancy whereas alternating temperatures tended to break dormancy. Few temperature combinations resulted in more than 80% germination.

Religion, nationalism, and gender: Perspective from South Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 205789111989852
Author(s):  
Nandini Deo
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
British Colonies

Religious mobilization often takes the form of engagement with “the woman question”: how should women as carriers of culture comport themselves? This article shows that many of the debates over the role of women and religion in South Asia are misunderstood when they are seen as instances of religious fundamentalism. Rather, the theoretical framework to make sense of public religion and gender debates should be through the lens of postcolonial nationalism. The creation and consolidation of the nation is what is at stake—not the creation of the religious community as such. In order to make this argument, the article offers both a review of the literature on secularism and gender as well as short case studies from India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. These three former British colonies have each struggled to arrive at a secular settlement and often the contestation over the place of religion has centered on the rules and roles of women in these societies.

Josiah Wedgwood and Thomas Bentley: An Inventor-Entrepreneur Partnership in the Industrial Revolution

1964 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McKendrick
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Standard Text ◽  
James Watt ◽  
Alter Ego ◽  
Thomas Bentley

The importance of the rôle of the industrial inventor in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution is recognized by everybody: Richard Arkwright, Samuel Crompton, John Kay, James Watt, James Neilsen, George Stephenson, William Murdoch, Josiah Wedgwood, even schoolboys can reel off their names with glee, and their careers have mostly been investigated in satisfactory detail by economic historians. But the rôle of the merchant entrepreneur—their natural partner and alter ego—has been far less exhaustively studied. Those who are well known are few, and those whose careers have been examined in detail even fewer. As a class they do not even occur in the indices of the two standard text-books on the Industrial Revolution—those by Mantoux and Ashton; Matthew Boulton is one of the few individuals amongst them who have avoided total obscurity, and he is now receiving adequate treatment.

scholarly journals Islam, Corruption, Good Governance, and Civil Society: The Indonesian Experience

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
ICR Admin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation

Corruption is no doubt one of the most serious problems faced by many countries, including Muslim countries such as Indonesia. Sometimes it might seem that the teachings of Islam - a religion which prohibits corruption - alone do not work to prevent Muslims from conducting such harmful acts. The author of this article therefore looks at other factors that influence Muslims in their daily lives and reviews the status of governance. In his view, one way to address the problem of corruption would be the fostering of good governance. However, at the same time Muslims would need a vibrant and dynamic civil society that can play a crucial role in the creation and empowerment of good governance. In Indonesia, a majority Muslim country - in fact the largest Muslim country in the world - a large number of Islam-based civil societies exist. The author discusses the role of Islamic teachings against corruption, and the recent experiences of Indonesia in combating this vice, particularly the role of an Islamic civil society sphere.

Use of Scripture in 4QBeatitudes: A Torah-Adjustment to Proverbs 1–9

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Uusimäki
Keyword(s):  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Temple

Abstract This paper concerns the use of scripture in 4QBeatitudes (4Q525). The analysis of quotations and allusions shows that the status of Proverbs 1–9 as a source is primary, providing the model and salient motifs for the work. The use of Proverbs can, moreover, be associated with rewriting processes. Two features are distinctive: The author followed the order of the source to some extent in a manner reminiscent of rewriting. The motifs of female folly and her house were also used as a springboard in the creation of a poem (frg. 15). These observations suggest that 4Q525 reflects exegetical and interpretative methods attested in non-sapiential contexts. 4Q525 cannot be understood without recognizing its textual links to Proverbs, but other sources are similarly significant. The role of Psalms in particular can be described as ancillary and further directs the audience towards a Torah-centred approach to wisdom as well as implying a connection to the worship traditions of the Temple.

scholarly journals The current education on professional ethics for vietnamese students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Quyet ◽  
Phung The Anh ◽  
Le Quang Chung
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

With the cause of industrialization and modernization, especially by the impact of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. the role of education and training are changed dramatically, and also from the direction of the Vietnamese government on the concentration of education and training policy improvement which leads to the foundation and driving force for industrialization and modernization of the country, this paper will analyze and present the basic concepts of professional ethics education and the status quo of education of professional ethics at the universities in Vietnam. The key research method applied in this paper is the critical realist approach. Later, the recommendations are proposed for the enhancement of the effectiveness of professional ethics education for Vietnamese students at the universities.

scholarly journals From Publications to Public Actions: The Role of Universities in Facilitating Academic Advocacy and Activism in the Climate and Ecological Emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie J. Gardner ◽  
Aaron Thierry ◽  
William Rowlandson ◽  
Julia K. Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Transformational Change ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Work Allocation ◽  
The Right

Thousands of universities have made climate emergency declarations; however the higher education sector is not rising to the collective challenge with the urgency commensurate with scientific warnings. Universities are promoting an increased focus on sustainability through their research, teaching and their own institutional footprints. However, we suggest that such initiatives will be insufficient to catalyse the required transformations in our societies and economies because of (i) the time lags inherent in education and research pathways to impact, and (ii) their failure to address either real-world political processes or the forces invested in maintaining the status quo. We therefore suggest that academics should move from publications to public actions and engage in advocacy and activism to affect urgent and transformational change. We discuss the barriers to engagement in advocacy that academics face, and propose a number of actions that universities should adopt to help overcome them. These include explicitly recognising advocacy as part of the work mandate of academic staff by altering work allocation models, facilitating engaged research sabbaticals, altering hiring and promotion policies, and providing training to enhance the effectiveness of engagement. In addition, universities must defend the right of academics to engage in protest and push back against emerging threats to academic freedom. Such actions would strengthen a rich tradition of academic protest and enhance the contribution of universities to the public good in areas well beyond sustainability, for example race and social justice (Black Lives Matter, decolonising education) and public health.

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