The role of clay, organic carbon and long-term management on mouldboard plough draught measured on the Broadbalk wheat experiment at Rothamsted

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Watts ◽  
L. J. Clark ◽  
P. R. Poulton ◽  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
A. P. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mouldboard Plough ◽  
Term Management

Exploring the Growing Role of Terrestrial Carbon Across North Atlantic Fjords

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Smeaton ◽  
William Austin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Carbon Burial ◽  
Organic Carbon Burial ◽  
Fjord Sediments

<p>Fjords are recognized as globally significant hotspots for the burial (Smith et al., 2015) and long-term storage (Smeaton et al., 2017) of marine and terrestrially derived organic carbon (OC). By trapping and locking away OC over geological timescales, fjord sediments provide a potentially important yet largely overlooked climate regulation service. The proximity of fjords to the terrestrial environment in combination with their geomorphology and hydrography results in the fjordic sediments being subsidized with organic carbon (OC) from the terrestrial environment. This terrestrial OC (OC<sub>terr</sub>) transferred to the marine environment has traditionally be considered lost to the atmosphere in the form of CO<sub>2</sub> in most carbon (C) accounting schemes yet globally it is estimated that 55% of OC trapped in fjord sediments is derived from terrestrial sources (Cui et al., 2016). So is this terrestrial OC truly lost? Here, we estimate the quantity of OC<sub>terr</sub> held within North Atlantic fjords with the aim of better understanding the recent and long-term role of the terrestrial environment in the evolution of these globally significant sedimentary OC stores. By understanding this subsidy of OC from the terrestrial to the marine environment we can take the first steps in quantifying the terrestrial OC stored in fjords and the wider coastal marine environment.</p><p>Cui, X., Bianchi, T.S., Savage, C. and Smith, R.W., 2016. Organic carbon burial in fjords: Terrestrial versus marine inputs. <em>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</em>, <em>451</em>, pp.41-50.</p><p>Smeaton, C., Austin, W.E., Davies, A., Baltzer, A., Howe, J.A. and Baxter, J.M., 2017. Scotland's forgotten carbon: a national assessment of mid-latitude fjord sedimentary stocks. <em>Biogeosciences</em>.</p><p>Smith, R.W., Bianchi, T.S., Allison, M., Savage, C. and Galy, V., 2015. High rates of organic carbon burial in fjord sediments globally. <em>Nature Geoscience</em>, <em>8</em>(6), p.450.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Miniplate removal in operated cases of maxillofacial region in a dental institute in Rajasthan, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulkit Khandelwal ◽  
A Bhagavandas Rai ◽  
Bipin Bulgannawar ◽  
Nilay Vakaria ◽  
Hemal Sejani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Group ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Routine Removal ◽  
Term Management ◽  
Test Correlation

Background. The long term management of miniplate fixation osteosynthesis remains debatable and controversial with few authors advocating routine removal of the miniplates after 3-6 months of placement, while others recommend retention of the miniplates unless their removal is clinically indicated. Objective. The aim was to study the incidence, indications, time gap, role of metallic composition and site of removal of miniplates in operated cases of maxillofacial region over a two-year period. Methods. Patients undergoing removal of miniplates over 2-year period were studied and evaluated regarding the number of miniplates removed, time gap present between fixation and removal of miniplates, indications for removal, metallic composition of miniplates removed, sites of removal and complications. Correlations between indications for miniplate removal based upon time gap, metallic composition, age group and number of miniplates present were determined using Chi-square test. Correlation between metallic composition of miniplate and time gap was also determined using Chi-square test. Results. The miniplates were removed in 20 patients (16 males and 4 females). Most common indication for removal was infection (45%). Forty-five percent of the patients underwent miniplate removal within 1 year of placement. Thirty-four miniplates and 118 screws were removed. The correlation between indications for miniplate removal and time gap was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.04). Conclusion. Most of the hardware removal is performed subsequent to complications associated with hardware and local factors play more important role than metallic composition. Routine asymptomatic miniplates do not require removal and is not recommended.

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