scholarly journals Effect of cannabis and certain of its constituents on pentobarbitone sleeping time and phenazone metabolism

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. M. PATON ◽  
R. G. PERTWEE
Keyword(s):  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

Variation in pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice 1. Strain and sex differences

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

A set of 23 inbred strains of mice was tested for their sleeping time under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthetic. Highly significant strain differences were found. Estimates of the proportion of the variation accounted for by genetic differences ranged from 28% to 42%. In general, males slept longer than females but the size of the sex differences was not consistent across strains. Sleeping times on different test days also varied, indicating that environmental factors were affecting the results. A specially designed experiment failed to detect any differences in within-strain variation.

scholarly journals The In Vivo Effects of Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease on Some Renal and Hepatic Function and CYP450 Metabolizing Enzymes

2017 ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. AL ZA’ABI ◽  
A. SHALABY ◽  
P. MANOJ ◽  
B. H. ALI
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Plasma Enzymes ◽  
Plasma Theophylline ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

Adenine-induced model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widely used model especially in studies testing novel nephroprotective agents. We investigated the effects of adenine-induced CKD in rats on the activities of some xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in liver and kidneys, and on some in vivo indicators of drug metabolism (viz pentobarbitone sleeping time, and plasma concentration of theophylline 90 min post administration). CKD was induced by orally feeding adenine (0.25 % w/w) for 35 days. Adenine induced all the characteristics of CKD, which was confirmed by biochemical and histological findings. Glutathione concentration and activities of some enzymes involved in its metabolism were reduced in kidneys and livers of rats with CKD. Renal CYP450 1A1 activity was significantly inhibited by adenine, but other measured isoenzymes (1A2, 3A4 and 2E1) were not significantly affected. Adenine significantly prolonged pentobarbitone-sleeping time and increased plasma theophylline concentration 90 min post administration. Adenine also induced a moderate degree of hepatic damages as indicated histologically and by significant elevations in some plasma enzymes. The results suggest that adenine-induced CKD is associated with significant in vivo inhibitory activities on some drug-metabolizing enzymes, with most of the effect on the kidneys rather than the liver.

scholarly journals CNS Depressant and Antiepileptic Activities of the Methanol Extract of the Leaves ofIpomoea AquaticaForsk

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1555-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanasekaran Sivaraman ◽  
Palayan Muralidaran
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Cns Depressant ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

The central nervous system (CNS) depressant and antiepileptic activities of the methanol extract of the leaves ofIpomoea aquaticaForsk (IAF) were investigated on various animal models including pentobarbitone sleeping time and hole-board exploratory behavior for sedation tests and strychnine, picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice. IAF (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), like chlorpromazine HCl (1 mg/kg, i.m.), produced a dose-dependent prolongation of pentobarbitone sleeping time and suppression of exploratory behavior. IAF (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent and significant increases in onset to clonic and tonic convulsions and at 400 mg/kg, showed complete protection against seizures induced by strychnine and picrotoxin but not with pentylenetetrazole. Acute oral toxicity test, up to 14 days, did not produce any visible signs of toxicity. These results suggest that potentially antiepileptic compounds are present in leaf extract of IAF that deserve the study of their identity and mechanism of action.

Variation in barbiturate sleeping time in mice 3. Strain × environment interactions

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

Environmental factors such as diet, bedding material and temperature at the time of testing affected a 'model' pharmacological response - pentobarbitone sleeping time - differentially in a range of inbred strains. These results are probably explained by variations in the responses of the strains to constituents of the diets and bedding materials used in the experiments. Differences in the results between experiments suggest that there are also fluctuations in the composition of the diets and bedding materials over time. Strain × environment interactions such as those found here may explain differences in strain rankings between experiments. They would also account for some of the variability in results found between laboratories and within a laboratory over time.

Variation in pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice 2. Variables affecting test results

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

The effect of some environmental factors on the pentobarbitone sleeping time (PST) in inbred strains of mice has been investigated. Age, dose level and fasting before the test significantly altered the PST while the source of the drug and regular handling of the mice had no effect. None of these factors affected strains differentially. Unsystematic effects such as litter differences contributed only a small proportion of the total variation in the experiments. The strain rankings were different from those obtained in some previous experiments. The effects of some of the environmental factors on the PST did not always agree with previous work. The implications of these results for the design of similar experiments and the relevance of baseline values in laboratory animals are discussed.

The Association between Sleep Deprivation, Aggression, and Antisocial Behavior in Adolescents in Ejigbo, Lagos, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Makinde ◽  
Karin Österman ◽  
Kaj Björkqvist
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Sibling Aggression ◽  
Paper And Pencil

The study investigated whether there were associations between how much adolescents slept per night and how much aggressive and antisocial behavior they displayed and were exposed to. Two hundred thirty-eight adolescents (122 females, 116 males; mean age = 15.5 years, SD = 2.0) from Ejigbo, Lagos, Nigeria, participated in the study, which was conducted with a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. It was found that the total sleeping time of the adolescents correlated negatively with five scales measuring Adult Aggression, Sibling Aggression, Domestic Violence, Parental Negativity, and Antisocial Behavior. Thus, the less the adolescents slept, the more they were exposed to aggression, and they also themselves behaved more aggressively and antisocially. Participants living in overcrowded conditions slept less than others.

Potential anticonvulsants: Substituted N-benzylidene derivatives of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1173-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Bártl ◽  
Jiří Holubek ◽  
Emil Svátek ◽  
Marie Bartošová ◽  
Miroslav Protiva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hypotensive Activity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Central Depression ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Electroshock Seizures

Reactions of 10-(4-aminopiperazino)-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepins XIVa-XIVd with benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde and 3-ethoxy-4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzaldehyde afforded a series of 19 hydrazones IIIa-Xc. Some of them showed the expected anticonvulsant effect but only towards pentetrazole; antagonism of maximal electroshock seizures was not observed. In general, the products have a character of tranquillizers: in higher does they produce central depression, potentiate the thiopental sleeping time, have hypothermic action; in single cases antiamphetamine, antireserpine, antihistamine and cataleptic effects were observed. The water-soluble salts of the basic hydrazones VIIIa, VIIIc, IXc and Xc, administered parenterally, showed a rather high acute toxicity and revealed also adrenolytic and hypotensive activity.

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