Variation in pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice 1. Strain and sex differences

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

A set of 23 inbred strains of mice was tested for their sleeping time under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthetic. Highly significant strain differences were found. Estimates of the proportion of the variation accounted for by genetic differences ranged from 28% to 42%. In general, males slept longer than females but the size of the sex differences was not consistent across strains. Sleeping times on different test days also varied, indicating that environmental factors were affecting the results. A specially designed experiment failed to detect any differences in within-strain variation.

Variation in pentobarbitone sleeping time in mice 2. Variables affecting test results

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

The effect of some environmental factors on the pentobarbitone sleeping time (PST) in inbred strains of mice has been investigated. Age, dose level and fasting before the test significantly altered the PST while the source of the drug and regular handling of the mice had no effect. None of these factors affected strains differentially. Unsystematic effects such as litter differences contributed only a small proportion of the total variation in the experiments. The strain rankings were different from those obtained in some previous experiments. The effects of some of the environmental factors on the PST did not always agree with previous work. The implications of these results for the design of similar experiments and the relevance of baseline values in laboratory animals are discussed.

Variation in barbiturate sleeping time in mice 3. Strain × environment interactions

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Pharmacological Response ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

Environmental factors such as diet, bedding material and temperature at the time of testing affected a 'model' pharmacological response - pentobarbitone sleeping time - differentially in a range of inbred strains. These results are probably explained by variations in the responses of the strains to constituents of the diets and bedding materials used in the experiments. Differences in the results between experiments suggest that there are also fluctuations in the composition of the diets and bedding materials over time. Strain × environment interactions such as those found here may explain differences in strain rankings between experiments. They would also account for some of the variability in results found between laboratories and within a laboratory over time.

THE EFFECT OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY ON BLOOD UREA IN MICE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148
Author(s):  
John B. Lyon Jr. ◽  
Eugene A. Arnold ◽  
Rita Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

Blood urea levels were determined in weanling, young, and adult C57 and I strain mice fed vitamin B6-deficient or complete rations. Elevations in blood urea were found in some of the deprived groups, but they were transient, and the maxima occurred early in the deficiency, at 2 weeks. Although the I strain is more susceptible to a B6 deficiency, strain differences were found in only one age group. Increases in blood urea were also induced by simple environmental changes. It was concluded that elevations in blood urea are not directly related to a pyridoxine deficiency in these inbred strains of mice.

scholarly journals STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN LOCAL HEMORRHAGIC RESPONSE (SHWARTZMAN-LIKE REACTION) OF MICE TO A SINGLE INTRADERMAL INJECTION OF BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDES

1957 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret G. Kelly ◽  
Norman H. Smith ◽  
Isidore Wodinsky ◽  
David P. Rall
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Hemorrhagic Necrosis ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Anticoagulant Drug ◽  
Shwartzman Reaction ◽  
Hemorrhagic Lesion

A survey of inbred strains of mice was made to determine whether the phenomenon of dermal hemorrhagic necrosis, as described in rabbits by Shwartzman, could be elicited in mice by bacterial polysaccharide preparations of demonstrated activity in rabbits. The polysaccharide preparations used were obtained from cultures of S. marcescens, S. typhosa, Ps. aeruginosa, and H. pertussis. Ten of the strains tested were unreactive. Three strains of mice and one F1 hybrid subline developed a hemorrhagic lesion at the site of injection of a single, relatively high intradermal dose of polysaccharide. Some increase in incidence of hemorrhagic lesions was obtained when the intradermal dose was followed in 24 hours by an intravenous injection. In the gross and microscopically, the skin lesion produced in mice resembled the Shwartzman reaction in rabbits. An adrenergic blocking agent, SY-28, and an anticoagulant drug, coumadin, both of which block the dermal Shwartzman reaction in rabbits, also blocked the hemorrhagic skin reaction in mice.

scholarly journals Variation among inbred strains of mice in adenosine 3′:5′ cyclic monophosphate levels of spermatozoa

1979 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Erickson ◽  
Martin S. Butley ◽  
Susan R. Martin ◽  
Charles J. Betlach
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Locus ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Histocompatibility Locus ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Reproducible Manner

SUMMARYSpermatozoa from inbred strains of mice were found to vary significantly for levels of cyclic AMP when extractions were performed in a reproducible manner. The F1 hybrid between high and low spermatozoal cAMP strains showed spermatozoal cAMP levels typical of the low strain. An analysis of spermatozoal cAMP in individual mice from the back-cross of the F1 to the high strain suggested that alleles at more than one locus determine strain differences in spermatozoal cAMP. The major histocompatibility locus of mice, H-2, which had been found to have an effect on liver cAMP levels did not seem to affect spermatozoal cAMP levels. t-Alleles, which appear to alter fertilization rates by effects on motility, had no apparent affects on spermatozoal cAMP.

THE EFFECT OF PYRIDOXINE DEFICIENCY ON BLOOD UREA IN MICE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Lyon Jr. ◽  
Eugene A. Arnold ◽  
Rita Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pyridoxine Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

Blood urea levels were determined in weanling, young, and adult C57 and I strain mice fed vitamin B6-deficient or complete rations. Elevations in blood urea were found in some of the deprived groups, but they were transient, and the maxima occurred early in the deficiency, at 2 weeks. Although the I strain is more susceptible to a B6 deficiency, strain differences were found in only one age group. Increases in blood urea were also induced by simple environmental changes. It was concluded that elevations in blood urea are not directly related to a pyridoxine deficiency in these inbred strains of mice.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOME MARKERS IN MUS MUSCULUS: STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN C-BANDING

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-670
Author(s):  
V G Dev ◽  
D A Miller ◽  
O J Miller
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Centromeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Markers ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice

ABSTRACT The mitotic chromosomes of several inbred strains of mice and a series of F1 hybrids have been analyzed by quinacrine staining and further characterized by the centromeric heterochromatin banding (C-banding). Inbred strains had the same amount of C-banding material on homologous chromosomes but showed variation in the amount on different chromosomes. F1 hybrids showed characteristics of each parent and it appears that the amount of C-banding on each chromosome is a simple inherited polymorphism. In this study 12 different chromosomes could be distinguished by their C-banding, and these can be used as normal chromosome markers.

III.—Genetics of Gametes. III. Strain Differences in Spermatozoa from Eight Inbred Strains of Mice

1961 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Beatty ◽  
K. N. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Hereditary Factors

SynopsisIn animals, the expression of genetic factors has been studied mainly after fertilization, in the embryo or the adult. The study of genetic effects on the gametes themselves has been called the genetics of gametes. As evidence of such genetic effects on gametes, numerous differences have been found in the characteristics of spermatozoa from eight inbred strains of mice. The spermatozoan characteristics studied are mainly dimensional, but also relate to the physiological maturation of spermatozoa and possibly to semen fertility. The dimensional characteristics of spermatozoa are insulated, to an unusual degree, from the effects of environmental and other factors. The genetics of gametes can be regarded as the study of the genetics of the carriers of genes from one generation to the next; this has relevance to general genetics, and also to experiments for controlling the transmission of hereditary factors from parent to offspring.

Species and strain differences in the lethal factor of the mouse submandibular gland

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C.-C. Huang ◽  
K. Hoshino ◽  
Y. T. Kim ◽  
F. S. Chebib
Keyword(s):  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

The differences in susceptibility of animals to the lethal factor extracted from the mouse submandibular gland and magnitude of its lethality were compared among various species, strains, ages, and sex of mice. Comparisons of LD30 values computed by an IBM 360/System computer using a programmed probit analysis yielded the following significant results. The lethal factor of adult male mice was lethal to all species and strains of animals tested. Strain differences were observed in five inbred strains of mice, and varying degrees of resistance against the lethal factor were demonstrated. The lethality was strongest in the submandibular gland of our subline BALB/c mice, and the highest susceptibility to the lethal factor was demonstrated by female C57BL mice. This factor was found to be lethal not only to mice but also to other species of animals, Mongolian gerbils being most susceptible and New Zealand rabbits next.

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