Comparing the Psychometric Properties of the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Behaviors (CNPI) and the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAIN-AD) Instruments

Objective To adapt the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale to Brazilian Portuguese with respect to semantic equivalence and cultural aspects, and to evaluate the respective psychometric properties (validity, feasibility, clinical utility and inter-rater agreement). Methods Two-stage descriptive, cross-sectional retrospective study involving cultural and semantic validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the scale, and investigation of its psychometric properties (validity, reliability and clinical utility). The sample consisted of 63 inpatients presenting with neurological deficits and unable to self-report pain. Results Semantic and cultural validation of the PAINAD scale was easily achieved. The scale indicators most commonly used by nurses to assess pain were “Facial expression”, “Body language” and “Consolability”. The Brazilian Portuguese version of the scale has proved to be valid and accurate; good levels of inter-rater agreement assured reproducibility. Conclusion The scale has proved to be useful in daily routine care of hospitalized adult and elderly patients in a variety of clinical settings. Short application time, ease of use, clear instructions and the simplicity of training required for application were emphasized. However, interpretation of facial expression and consolability should be given special attention during pain assessment training.

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The psychometric properties, feasibility and utility of behavioural-observation methods in pain assessment of cognitively impaired elderly people in acute and long-term care: A systematic review

JBI Library of Systematic Reviews ◽

10.11124/jbisrir-2010-644 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 1-33

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Elderly People ◽

Pain Assessment ◽

Long Term Care ◽

Cognitively Impaired ◽

Term Care ◽

Behavioural Observation ◽

Observation Methods

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Pain Assessment in Nonverbal Older Adults With Advanced Dementia

The Journal for Nurse Practitioners ◽

10.1016/j.nurpra.2011.08.014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 781-782

Author(s):

Sally May Miller

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Pain Assessment ◽

Advanced Dementia

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Validation of the Spanish Version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINAD-Sp) in Hospitalized Patients with Neurologic Disorders and Oncologic Patients Unable to Self-Report Their Pain

Pain Management Nursing ◽

10.1016/j.pmn.2018.08.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucia Muñoz-Narbona ◽

Sandra Cabrera-Jaime ◽

Teresa Lluch-Canut ◽

Natalia Pérez de la Ossa ◽

Jesús Álvarez Ballano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Assessment ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Self Report ◽

Spanish Version ◽

Advanced Dementia ◽

Neurologic Disorders ◽

Oncologic Patients

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Pain Assessment in People With Dementia: Remaining Controversies

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n5p62 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Rababa

Keyword(s):

Pain Assessment ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Unmet Needs ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Self Report ◽

Advanced Dementia ◽

Affective Experience ◽

Pain Experience ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Background Pain

BACKGROUND: Pain in people with dementia is under recognized, underestimated, and under-treated due to the complexity of pain assessment in this population.SUMMARY: Self-report tools are the gold standard of pain assessment. However, people with dementia are not always able to clearly and meaningfully self-report their pain. Self-report tools capture the affective experience of pain, which is impaired in people with dementia. Observational pain tools are more useful to assess pain especially in people with advanced dementia who are unable to self-report. Observational pain tools capture the physical component of pain experience, which is unchanged in people with dementia. However, nurses often misunderstand the behavioral changes associated with pain in people with dementia. Also, there is a huge inconsistency in presentation of these behavioral changes associated with pain among people with dementia as behaviors can be due to multiple different unmet needs, pain being one.

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Instruments for pain assessment in patients with advanced dementia: A systematic review of the evidence for Latin America

Palliative & Supportive Care ◽

10.1017/s147895151900107x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 741-747

Author(s):

Silvia Mercedes Coca ◽

Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Latin American ◽

Pain Assessment ◽

Pain Treatment ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Advanced Dementia ◽

People With Dementia

AbstractObjectivePain treatment is an essential component of care for elderly patients with advanced dementia. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the different scales used for pain assessment in elderly persons diagnosed with dementia, in the literature available at the Latin American level.MethodA systematic review was performed on the existing scales for pain assessment in elderly people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies.Results226 articles were retrieved from the PUBMED, BIREME, and Scielo databases, of which a total of 10 articles entered the systematic review. The instruments identified in these publications were PAINAD, Abbey, McGill, and PACSLAC, while the Colored Pain Scale, Faces Pain Scale, and VAS scales were used as the silver standard. In Spanish, the Abbey scale, and in Portuguese, the PACSLAC scale showed the best reliability and validity coefficients.Significance of resultsIt is concluded that there are only two appropriate scales for the assessment of pain in people with dementia in the region of interest of this study. It is recommended to generate more evidence for a more accurate assessment of pain in people with dementia.

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