Thoracic Limb Alignment in Healthy Labrador Retrievers: Evaluation of Standing Versus Recumbent Frontal Plane Radiography

SummaryIncomplete humeral condylar fracture was diagnosed by means of radiology, CT, scintigraphy, arthroscopy and bone biopsy in two English Pointer dogs. In both cases an acute thoracic limb lameness, unrelated to a known episode of major trauma, was observed. Incomplete humeral condylar fracture, mainly described in the Spaniel breeds, has been recently diagnosed in Labrador retrievers, Rottweiler, German Wachtel and other breeds. The pathogenesis of the condition is still unknown, but incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle and mechanical stress, alone or associated, have to be considered. However, our clinical and histopathological data lead us to believe that in Pointers, high performance dogs, the mechanical stress can assume a critical ethiopathogenetic role.

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Kinematic gait analysis of the canine thoracic limb using a six degrees of freedom marker set

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.3415/vcot-14-03-0051 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (06) ◽

pp. 461-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Caron ◽

A. Caley ◽

M. Farrell ◽

N. Fitzpatrick

Keyword(s):

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Gait Patterns ◽

Kinematic Data ◽

Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Thoracic Limb ◽

Canine Population ◽

Foot Strike ◽

Biomechanical Factors ◽

Labrador Retrievers ◽

Kinematic Gait Analysis

SummaryObjectives: To determine if the use of a six degrees of freedom marker set would allow new kinematic data of the canine thoracic limbs to be calculated. To identify any significant differences in thoracic limb gait patterns in all planes of motion, between the normal canine population and patients with confirmed medial coronoid disease (MCD).Method: Two groups of dogs were selected representing the normal Labrador Retriever population (n = 13) and Labrador Retrievers with confirmed MCD (n = 13). Normal dogs had “normal” hip and elbow radiographic scores in line with the International Elbow Working Group and British Veterinary Association guidelines. Medial coronoid disease was confirmed using arthroscopy after kinematic analysis was performed with a six degrees of freedom marker set.Results: The diseased elbow was nine degrees more extended between 43%-55% of the gait cycle and 16° more supinated prior, early during and after foot strike. The antebrachium was nine degrees more supinated during foot strike and three degrees more abducted during early stance. None of the other parameters were significantly different.Clinical significance: The use of a six degrees of freedom marker set made it possible for the elbow and antebrachium to be reliably tracked in more than one plane of motion. Significant differences were identified between the normal canine population and those affected by MCD. These data may help elucidate biomechanical factors contributing to aetiopathogenesis of MCD.

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Validity, Reliability, and Normative Values for Clinically-Assessed Frontal Tibial Orientation as a Measure of Varus-Valgus Knee Alignment

International Journal of Athletic Therapy & Training ◽

10.1123/ijatt.2016-0047 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 29-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Werner ◽

John Willson ◽

Richard Willy ◽

Joaquin Barrios

Keyword(s):

Interrater Reliability ◽

Normal Values ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Normative Values ◽

Valgus Knee ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Limb Alignment ◽

Knee Alignment ◽

Clinical Methods ◽

Development And Management

Frontal plane knee alignment can influence the development and management of various knee pathologies. Valid and reliable clinical methods for assessment are needed. The primary purposes of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of inclinometer-based frontal plane tibial orientation as a limb alignment measure, and secondarily to establish normal values in healthy individuals. Frontal tibial orientation was validated per moderately strong correlation to radiographic knee alignment. Intra- and interrater reliability were excellent. The normative mean was approximately 7°. In summary, inclinometer-based frontal tibial orientation is a valid and reliable clinical measure of frontal plane knee alignment.

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Non-invasive determination of frontal plane lower limb alignment using motion capture technique – An alternative for full-length radiographs in young patients treated by a temporary hemiepiphysiodesis?

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.04.011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 26-32

Author(s):

Felix Stief ◽

Zoe Feja ◽

Jana Holder ◽

Stefan van Drongelen ◽

Stefanie Adolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motion Capture ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Young Patients ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Full Length ◽

Limb Alignment ◽

Lower Limb Alignment ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Capture Technique

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Lower limb alignment in the frontal plane: analysis from long standing radiographs and computer tomography scout views: an experimental study

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00402-012-1635-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 133 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rolf D. Burghardt ◽

Stefan Hinterwimmer ◽

Dominik Bürklein ◽

Rainer Baumgart

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Computer Tomography ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Limb Alignment ◽

Lower Limb Alignment ◽

Plane Analysis

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A motion analysis based technique for measuring frontal plane lower-limb alignment in patients with fixed knee flexion contractures

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.100 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. S73

Author(s):

Adam Rozumalski ◽

Tom F. Novacheck ◽

Michael H. Schwartz

Keyword(s):

Motion Analysis ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Limb Alignment ◽

Lower Limb Alignment ◽

Flexion Contractures

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Effects of task and hip-abductor fatigue on lower limb alignment and muscle activation

Sport Sciences for Health ◽

10.1007/s11332-021-00854-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rodrigo Rabello ◽

Camila Nodari ◽

Felipe Scudiero ◽

Iury Borges ◽

Luan Fitarelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Gluteus Medius ◽

Limb Alignment ◽

Lower Limb Alignment ◽

Before And After ◽

Hip Abduction ◽

Hip Abductor

Abstract Purpose Fatigue-induced hip-abductor weakness may exacerbate lower-limb misalignments during different dynamic single-leg tasks. We sought to evaluate the effects of fatigue and task on lower limb kinematics and muscle activation and to find associations between measurements obtained in two tasks. Methods One-group pretest–posttest design. Seventeen healthy adults (9 W) performed the single-leg squat (SLSQUAT) and the single-leg hop (SLHOP) before and after a hip-abduction fatigue protocol. Hip adduction, knee frontal plane projection angle (knee FPPA) and heel inversion displacement were measured during the eccentric phase of the SLSQUAT and the SLHOP, as well as activation of the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), peroneus longus (PER) and tibialis anterior (TA). Moments and tasks were compared using a repeated-measures two-way ANOVA. Correlation between tasks was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation. Results No differences in kinematics or activation were found between moments. Hip-adduction displacement (P = 0.005), GMed (P = 0.008) and PER (P = 0.037) activation were higher during SLSQUAT, while TA activation was higher during SLHOP (P < 0.001). No differences were found between tasks in knee FPPA and heel inversion. Hip-adduction and knee FPPA were not correlated between tasks, while ankle inversion displacement was positively correlated (rs = 0.524–0.746). Conclusion Different characteristics of SLSQUAT (slower and deeper) seem to have led to increased hip adduction displacement, GMed, and PER activation and decreased TA activation, likely due to higher balance requirements. However, hip-abductor fatigue didn’t influence lower-limb alignment during the tasks. Finally, evaluations should be performed with different single-leg tasks since they don’t give the same lower-limb alignment information.

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Improving Single-Legged–Squat Performance: Comparing 2 Training Methods With Potential Implications for Injury Prevention

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-50.9.03 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 921-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samuel J. Dawson ◽

Lee Herrington

Keyword(s):

Injury Prevention ◽

Skill Acquisition ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Skill Training ◽

Frontal Plane ◽

Acquisition Training ◽

Limb Alignment ◽

Projection Angle ◽

Plane Projection ◽

Hip Strengthening

Context Poor dynamic limb alignment during loading tasks has links to the development of knee injuries, including patellofemoral pain and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, modalities to improve limb alignment during loading tasks are thought to reduce loading through these structures and potentially prevent injury. Objective To compare hip-strengthening and skill-acquisition training to examine if they can improve lower limb biomechanics, potentially preventing injury, and to examine whether changes demonstrated can be maintained after 6 weeks of no practice. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 19 recreationally active individuals volunteered, and 17 (9 women: age = 27.9 ± 3.1 years, height = 165.4 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 60.5 ± 9.2 kg; 8 men: age = 30.4 ± 6.4 years, height = 181.4 ± 7.1 cm, mass = 69.8 ± 15.2 kg) completed the study. Nine participants were allocated to a hip-strengthening program; 8, to a skill-acquisition program. Intervention(s) Participants performed a 6-week training program of either hip strengthening (n = 9) or skill acquisition (n = 8) 3 times per week. Main Outcome Measure(s) Measurements of clam-exercise strength, hip-abduction strength, frontal-plane projection angle, hip-adduction angle, and a qualitative score were taken at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results We observed improvements in frontal-plane projection angle (strength: t8 = 5.344, P = .001; skill: t7 = 4.393, P = .003), hip-adduction angle (strength: t8 = 3.597, P = .007; skill: t7 = 4.722, P = .002), and qualitative score (strength: t8 = 3.900, P = .005; skill: t7 = 8.283, P < .001) postintervention, which were retained at the 12-week retest in both groups. Conclusions A 6-week intervention of either hip-strengthening or skill-acquisition training improved lower limb biomechanics. The changes in biomechanics after skill training were retained at 12 weeks, suggesting a change in motor patterning that could be favorable to longer-term injury prevention.

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