Crossing over between the X-chromosomes of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
P. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

Involvement of the X chromosome in fertility of male and female hybrids of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intrachromosomal Recombination ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

In hybrid females of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado that carried four well-separated marker genes, suppression of intrachromosomal recombination occurred between the loci for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) and arginine phosphokinase (Apk) on the X chromosome. Fertility of backcross females was not influenced by whether they mated with G. m. morsitans or G. m. centralis, but it was higher in females that received both of their X chromosomes from G. m. morsitans than it was in females that received one X chromosome from G. m. morsitans and the other from G. m. centralis.

Postmating barriers to gene flow among species and subspecies of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

Postmating barriers to gene flow between closely related species and subspecies of tsetse flies include (i) reduced fecundity of hybridized and hybrid females and (ii) sterility of hybrid and backcross males, owing mainly to incompatibility between X and Y chromosomes from two different taxa or, possibly, incompatibility between the X from one taxon and autosomes from the other. There are also maternally inherited factors that confer unidirectional sterility upon males; these factors may influence the direction of gene flow. When Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis are crossed, these factors appear to be unstable and lose their effectiveness as barriers to gene flow when hybrid females, from several consecutive generations, are backcrossed to G. m. centralis. In hybrid females of the morsitans group, intrachromosomal recombination is suppressed in the X chromosomes, but it may occur at near normal levels in at least part of linkage group II. Some backcross flies with chromosomes composed of segments from two different taxa are fertile. Naturally occurring hybrids have been found, but it appears that hybridization zones are narrow. It remains to be determined whether introgression of genes plays a significant role in the evolution of tsetse flies.

Genetic analysis of sterility in hybrids from crosses of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1963-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Recurrent Backcrossing ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

When genetically marked Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead were mated to Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, viable offspring were obtained when using G. m. submorsitans females but not when using G. m. centralis females. The maternally inherited sterility factor, from G. m. submorsitans, that causes this asymmetry was inactivated or replaced during recurrent backcrossing to G. m. centralis. F1 hybrid males were sterile but most F1 hybrid females were fertile. There was little evidence for differential transmission of G. m. submorsitans and G. m. centralis chromosomes by hybrid females. Almost all backcross males were sterile if they had an X and a Y chromosome from two different taxa; the exceptional males had recombinant X chromosomes. The X chromosome locus for X/Y compatibility lies closer to the locus for esterase-X than to the locus for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Heterozygosity in linkage group II is also a factor in causing hybrid male sterility; the locus for compatibility is closer to the locus for octanol dehydrogenase than to the locus for esterase-1. Among the backcross males that had an X and a Y chromosome from the same taxon, 12% of those obtained by backcrossing to G. m. centralis were fertile and 65% of those obtained by backcrossing to G. m. submorsitans were fertile. Backcrossing F1 hybrid females to G. m. submorsitans produced females that were equally likely to be fertilized by G. m. submorsitans and G. m. centralis. However, backcrossing to G. m. centralis produced females that had a much lower probability of being fertilized by G. m. submorsitans than by G. m. centralis.

Infection of post-teneral tsetse flies (Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis) with Trypanosoma brucei brucei

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis

A significant proportion of post-teneral male Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and post-teneral male and female Glossina morsitans centralis Machado develop mature infections of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Plimmer and Bradford without being starved before feeding upon infected rabbits.

scholarly journals A novel vehicle-mounted sticky trap; an effective sampling tool for savannah tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009620
Author(s):  
Jackson Muyobela ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Abdullahi A. Yusuf ◽  
Njelembo J. Mbewe ◽  
Catherine L. Sole
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Rapid Sampling ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Design Experiments

Background Black screen fly round (BFR) is a mobile sampling method for Glossina morsitans. This technique relies on the ability of operator(s) to capture flies landing on the screen with hand nets. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a vehicle-mounted sticky panel trap (VST) that is independent of the operator’s ability to capture flies against BFR, for effective and rapid sampling of G. m. morsitans Westwood and G. m. centralis Machado. We also determined the influence of the VST colour (all-blue, all-black or 1:1 blue-black), orientation and presence of odour attractants on tsetse catch. Methodology/Principal findings Using randomised block design experiments conducted in Zambia, we compared and modelled the number of tsetse flies caught in the treatment arms using negative binomial regression. There were no significant differences in the catch indices of the three colour designs and for in-line or transversely oriented panels for both subspecies (P > 0.05). When baited with butanone and 1-octen-3-ol, VST caught 1.38 (1.11–1.72; P < 0.01) times more G. m. centralis flies than the un-baited trap. Attractants did not significantly increase the VST catch index for G. m. morsitans (P > 0.05). Overall, the VST caught 2.42 (1.91–3.10; P < 0.001) and 2.60 (1.50–3.21; P < 0.001) times more G. m. centralis and G. m. morsitans respectively, than the BFR. The VST and BFR took 10 and 35 min respectively to cover a 1 km transect. Conclusion/Significance The VST is several times more effective for sampling G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis than the BFR and we recommend its use as an alternative sampling tool.

Electrophoretic and hybridization comparison of Glossina morsitans morsitans, G. m. centralis, and G. m. submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2694-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Genetic Identity ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Identity Based

Two colonies of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood, two colonies of Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead, and one colony of Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, each originating from a different geographic location, were compared genetically and by their ability to hybridize. There were marked asymmetries in results of intersubspecific hybridization. Most F1 males were sterile but most F1 females were fertile. Nei's mean genetic identity (based on 12 loci) and four hybridization indices (based upon proportion of females fertilized, puparia produced per fertilized female, F1 adults per fertilized female, and proportion of females fertilized in backcross experiments) yielded the same results: intrasubspecific similarities are greater than intersubspecific similarities, and G. m. centralis is more similar to G. m. morsitans than it is to G. m. submorsitans. Evidence is presented indicating that a phenogram based upon allele frequencies is as good as phenograms based upon hybridization as a means of representing relationships among tsetse flies.

Genetic basis of sterility in hybrid males from crosses of Glossina morsitans morsitans and Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera: Glossinidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Centralis ◽  
Male Hybrid

Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado carrying from one to three marker genes on each chromosome were hybridized. F1 females were backcrossed and the resulting backcross males were tested for their ability to inseminate and to fertilize both G. m. morsitans and G. m. centralis; these abilities were then related to the genetic constitution of each male. Hybrid males having an X chromosome from one subspecies and a Y chromosome from the other were sterile, as were about half the males having X and Y chromosomes from the same subspecies. There is weak evidence for autosomal involvement in hybrid sterility but this involvement is not through genetical recombination between the loci Ao and Xo, nor does it depend upon the number of autosomes from the same taxon as the sex chromosomes. Hybrid males descending from G. m. morsitans females could not fertilize G. m. centralis although they could inseminate them. F1 hybrid females had lower than expected intrachromosomal recombination in the X chromosome and in linkage group II, and hybrid females tended to use autosomes of G. m. centralis origin more frequently than chromosomes from G. m. morsitans. Models for evolution of the maternally inherited sterility factor(s) suggest that G. m. centralis is ancestral to G. m. morsitans. Use of hybrid males descending from female G. m. morsitans for genetic control of G. m. centralis is proposed.

Genetic basis of sterility in hybrids from crosses of Glossina morsitans submorsitans and Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans ◽  
Group Ii

Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead and Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood carrying two marker genes on the X chromosome, two in linkage group II, and one in linkage group III were hybridized. About 17% of the F1 and from 33 to 56% of the backcross males fertilized G. m. submorsitans, but only one F1 and two backcross males fertilized G. m. morsitans. Similarly, F1 and backcross females were fertilized by G. m. submorsitans but rarely by G. m. morsitans. Chromosomal composition of F1 and backcross males indicated that hybrid male sterility is due to incompatibility of the X chromosome from one subspecies and the Y from the other subspecies or possibly an incompatibility between X chromosomes and autosomes from different subspecies. Results are discussed in the context of a model for evolution of X and Y incompatibility and a model for evolution of maternally inherited factors that cause unidirectional sterility in males. In hybrid females, intrachromosomal recombination was suppressed in the X chromosome and in linkage group II. Fertility of backcross females, mated to G. m. submorsitans, could not be related to the chromosomal composition of the females.Key words: Glossina, hybrid sterility, tsetse, X chromosomes.

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