Effect of larval-rearing density on adult life-history traits and developmental stability of the dorsal eyespot pattern in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Gibbs ◽  
Casper J. Breuker
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Pararge Aegeria ◽  
Rearing Density

Impact of density and sex-dependent larval competition on selected life history traits ofDrosophila melanogaster(Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Sohini Singha Roy ◽  
Gautam Aditya ◽  
Sujay Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
The Individual

AbstractAn assessment of the effects of competitive behaviour and sex on seven selected life history traits ofDrosophila melanogasterMeigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was made under precisely regulated larval density. Contrary to the conditions of crowding, as considered in many previous studies, the low scale of density enabled assessment of the life history traits at the individual level with higher precision and low variations. The 0-day-old first instars were reared with the relative density of 1,2, 3, and 4 individuals with optimal food until the adults emerged. The life history traits like age at pupation, age at eclosion, adult body weight, adult body length, wing length, and adult survival were used as response variables. Both the density and sex of the competitors were considered as predictors of the life history traits and a stronger effect was evident in the female sex than in males, which is statistically significant. Result also revealed the effect of competitive behaviour was more intense in case of same sex competitors than of opposite sex. In all instances, the life history traits exhibited a trend of decreasing function with the increasing larval rearing density, in compliance with the norms of density-dependent effects on development ofDrosophilaFallén and similar insects.

scholarly journals Do females preferentially associate with males given a better start in life?

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Kahn ◽  
Julianne D. Livingston ◽  
Michael D. Jennions
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Adult Body

A poor start in life owing to a restricted diet can have readily detectable detrimental consequences for many adult life-history traits. However, some costs such as smaller adult body size are potentially eliminated when individuals modify their development. For example, male mosquitofish ( Gambusia holbrooki ) that have reduced early food intake undergo compensatory growth and delay maturation so that they eventually mature at the same size as males that develop normally. But do subtle effects of a poor start persist? Specifically, does a male's developmental history affect his subsequent attractiveness to females? Females prefer to associate with larger males but, controlling for body length, we show that females spent less time in association with males that underwent compensatory growth than with males that developed normally.

Are adult life history traits in oriental fruit moth affected by a mild pupal heat stress?

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincheng Zheng ◽  
Xiongbin Cheng ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Chun-Sen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth

scholarly journals The Role of Temperature in Transmission of Zoonotic Arboviruses

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciota ◽  
Keyel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Population Vector

We reviewed the literature on the role of temperature in transmission of zoonotic arboviruses. Vector competence is affected by both direct and indirect effects of temperature, and generally increases with increasing temperature, but results may vary by vector species, population, and viral strain. Temperature additionally has a significant influence on life history traits of vectors at both immature and adult life stages, and for important behaviors such as blood-feeding and mating. Similar to vector competence, temperature effects on life history traits can vary by species and population. Vector, host, and viral distributions are all affected by temperature, and are generally expected to change with increased temperatures predicted under climate change. Arboviruses are generally expected to shift poleward and to higher elevations under climate change, yet significant variability on fine geographic scales is likely. Temperature effects are generally unimodal, with increases in abundance up to an optimum, and then decreases at high temperatures. Improved vector distribution information could facilitate future distribution modeling. A wide variety of approaches have been used to model viral distributions, although most research has focused on the West Nile virus. Direct temperature effects are frequently observed, as are indirect effects, such as through droughts, where temperature interacts with rainfall. Thermal biology approaches hold much promise for syntheses across viruses, vectors, and hosts, yet future studies must consider the specificity of interactions and the dynamic nature of evolving biological systems.

Adult lifetime reproductive value in fish depends on size and fecundity type

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1405-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsoukali ◽  
Karin H. Olsson ◽  
André W. Visser ◽  
Brian R. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Direct Proportionality ◽  
Proportionality Relationship

In a stable population, the adult lifetime reproductive value must be balanced against early life survival. Although delaying maturity may increase fecundity, it also reduces survival. Larger size at maturity therefore not only allows for higher fecundity, but requires it. Using simple arguments from life history, we derive a direct proportionality relationship between the adult lifetime reproductive value and weight at maturation and find that this relationship is consistent with empirical evidence from 28 stocks and species of bony fish from temperate–boreal environments. However, the expected proportionality falls off if mortality increases to include fishing. Furthermore, we find that the fecundity type (determinate or indeterminate) affects the predicted adult reproductive value, which is significantly (10-fold) higher for an indeterminate spawner than for a determinate spawner of the same weight. These differences may relate to trade-offs in the adult life history traits and (or) to seasonality in the spawning environment, with subsequent consequences for early life stage survivorship.

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