Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro

The establishment of the subgingival microbiota is dependent on successive colonization of the implant surface by bacterial species. Different implant surface topographies could influence the bacterial adsorption and therefore jeopardize the implant survival. This study evaluated the biofilm formation capacity of five oral streptococci species on two titanium surface topographies.In vitrobiofilm formation was induced on 30 titanium discs divided in two groups: sandblasted acid-etched (SAE-n=15) and as-machined (M-n=15) surface. The specimens were immersed in sterilized whole human unstimulated saliva and then in fresh bacterial culture with five oral streptococci species:Streptococcus sanguinis,Streptococcus salivarius,Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sobrinus, andStreptococcus cricetus. The specimens were fixed and stained and the adsorbed dye was measured. Surface characterization was performed by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. Surface and microbiologic data were analyzed by Student’st-test and two-way ANOVA, respectively (P<0.05).S. cricetus,S. mutans,andS. sobrinusexhibited higher biofilm formation and no differences were observed between surfaces analyzed within each species (P>0.05).S. sanguinisexhibited similar behavior to form biofilm on both implant surface topographies, whileS. salivariusshowed the lowest ability to form biofilm. It was concluded that biofilm formation on titanium surfaces depends on surface topography and species involved.

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Identification of Streptococcus sanguinis Genes Required for Biofilm Formation and Examination of Their Role in Endocarditis Virulence

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00338-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 2551-2559 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Xiuchun Ge ◽

Todd Kitten ◽

Zhenming Chen ◽

Sehmi P. Lee ◽

Cindy L. Munro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Oral Biofilm ◽

Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽

Streptococcal Species

ABSTRACT Streptococcus sanguinis is one of the pioneers in the bacterial colonization of teeth and is one of the most abundant species in the oral biofilm called dental plaque. S. sanguinis is also the most common viridans group streptococcal species implicated in infective endocarditis. To investigate the association of biofilm and endocarditis, we established a biofilm assay and examined biofilm formation with a signature-tagged mutagenesis library of S. sanguinis. Four genes that have not previously been associated with biofilm formation in any other bacterium, purB, purL, thrB, and pyrE, were putatively identified as contributing to in vitro biofilm formation in S. sanguinis. By examining 800 mutants for attenuation in the rabbit endocarditis model and for reduction in biofilm formation in vitro, we found some mutants that were both biofilm defective and attenuated for endocarditis. However, we also identified mutants with only reduced biofilm formation or with only attenuation in the endocarditis model. This result indicates that the ability to form biofilms in vitro is not associated with endocarditis virulence in vivo in S. sanguinis.

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Experimental Models of Oral Biofilms Developed on Inert Substrates: A Review of the Literature

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/7461047 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lopez-Nguyen Darrene ◽

Badet Cecile

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Complex Environment ◽

Oral Biofilm ◽

Mucosal Surfaces ◽

Oral Biofilms

The oral ecosystem is a very complex environment where more than 700 different bacterial species can be found. Most of them are organized in biofilm on dental and mucosal surfaces. Studying this community is important because a rupture in stability can lead to the preeminence of pathogenic microorganisms, causing dental decay, gingivitis, or periodontitis. The multitude of species complicates biofilm analysis so its reproduction, collection, and counting are very delicate. The development of experimental models of dental biofilms was therefore essential and multiplein vitrodesigns have emerged, each of them especially adapted to observing biofilm formation of specific bacteria within specific environments. The aim of this review is to analyze oral biofilm models.

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Plant-based oral care product exhibits antibacterial effects on different stages of oral multispecies biofilm development in vitro

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01504-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadine Kommerein ◽

Almut Johanna Weigel ◽

Meike Stiesch ◽

Katharina Doll

Keyword(s):

Species Distribution ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Oral Care ◽

Oral Biofilm ◽

Care Product ◽

Planktonic Bacteria ◽

Multispecies Biofilm ◽

Biofilm Development

Abstract Background Excessive biofilm formation on surfaces in the oral cavity is amongst the main reasons for severe infection development like periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Mechanical biofilm removal as well as the use of adjuvant antiseptics supports the prevention of pathogenic biofilm formation. Recently, the antibacterial effect of the oral care product REPHA-OS®, based on medicinal plant extracts and essential oils, has been demonstrated on oral pathogens grown on agar plates. In the present study, the effectiveness of the product on medical relevant oral biofilm development should be demonstrated for the first time. Methods An established in vitro oral multispecies biofilm, composed of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella dispar and Porphyromonas gingivalis, was used to analyze the antibacterial effect of different REPHA-OS® concentrations on planktonic bacteria, biofilm formation and mature biofilms. It was quantified using metabolic activity assays and live/dead fluorescence staining combined with three-dimensional confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Additionally, effects on species distribution inside the biofilm were assessed by means of quantitative real-time PCR. Results REPHA-OS® showed statistically significant antimicrobial effects on all stages of biofilm development: a minimal inhibitory concentration of 5% could be detected for both, for planktonic bacteria and for biofilm formation. Interestingly, only a slightly higher concentration of 10% was necessary to completely kill all bacteria in mature biofilms also. In contrast, an influence on the biofilm matrix or the species distribution could not be observed. The effect could be attributed to the herbal ingredients, not to the contained ethanol. Conclusion The strong antibacterial effect of REPHA-OS® on different stages of oral biofilm development strengthens its application as an alternative adjuvant in oral care therapies.

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Effect of Air-Polishing on Titanium Surfaces, Biofilm Removal, and Biocompatibility: A Pilot Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/491047 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vincent Bennani ◽

Linda Hwang ◽

Andrew Tawse-Smith ◽

George J. Dias ◽

Richard D. Cannon

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Biofilm Removal ◽

Crystal Violet Dye ◽

L929 Fibroblast ◽

Titanium Surfaces ◽

Titanium Grade

Purpose.The aims of thisin vitrostudy were to evaluate morphological changes induced by glycine powder air-polishing on titanium surfaces, biofilm removal, and biocompatibility.Material and Methods.Titanium grade IV discs were allocated into two groups: (1) discs without biofilm and (2) discs forStreptococcus mutansbiofilm formation. Discs in each group were further subdivided into (a) no treatment and (b) air-polishing treatment with glycine powder. Discs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and confocal microscopy. Bacterial biofilms were quantified using a crystal violet dye-binding assay. Biocompatibility was evaluated by measuring the coverage and viability of L929 fibroblast cells cultured on the discs.Results.Air-polishing increased the roughness of treated discs (P<0.05). EDS analysis did not show significant differences in the chemical composition of treated and nontreated discs. The amount of residual biofilm on treated discs was 8.6-fold lower than untreated controls (P<0.05). Coverage of treated discs by fibroblasts was half that of untreated discs (P<0.05) although both groups had the same cell viability.Conclusions.Air-polishing removed a significant amount of biofilm from titanium surfaces. The “polishing” was accompanied by increased surface roughness, but there were no changes in chemical and elemental compositions, nor the biocompatibility.

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