Progressive brain changes in schizophrenia: a 1-year follow-up study of diffusion tensor imaging

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Ota ◽  
Satoko Obu ◽  
Noriko Sato ◽  
Katsuyoshi Mizukami ◽  
Takashi Asada
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective:Recent cross-sectional studies suggest that brain changes in schizophrenia are progressive during the course of the disorder. However, it remains unknown whether this is a global process or whether some brain areas are affected to a greater degree. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal brain changes in patients with chronic older schizophrenia by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:Three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted and diffusion tensor (DT) MRI were performed twice on each of 16 chronic older schizophrenia patients (mean age = 58.1 ± 6.7 years ) with an interval of 1 year between imaging sessions. To clarify the longitudinal morphological and white matter changes, volume data and normalised diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics were compared between the first and follow-up studies using a paired t-test.Results:Focal cortical volume loss was observed in the left prefrontal lobe and anterior cingulate on volumetric study. In addition, DTI metrics changed significantly at the bilateral posterior superior temporal lobes, left insula, genu of the corpus callosum and anterior cingulate.Conclusion:There are ongoing changes in the brains of schizophrenic patients during the course of the illness. Discrepancies between volume data and DTI metrics may indicate that the pattern of progressive brain changes varies according to brain region.

CLINICAL EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP OUTCOME OF DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING-BASED FUNCTIONAL NEURONAVIGATION

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Song Wu ◽  
Liang-Fu Zhou ◽  
Wei-Jun Tang ◽  
Ying Mao ◽  
Jin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Cerebral Gliomas ◽  
Functional Neuronavigation

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based functional neuronavigation in surgery of cerebral gliomas with pyramidal tract (PT) involvement with respect to both perioperative assessment and follow-up outcome. METHODS A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted between 2001 and 2005. A consecutive series of 238 eligible patients with initial imaging diagnosis of cerebral gliomas involving PTs were randomized into study (n = 118) and control (n = 120) groups. The study cases underwent DTI and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The maps of fractional anisotropy were calculated for PT mapping. Both three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging data sets and fractional anisotropy maps were integrated by rigid registration, after which the tumor and adjacent PT were segmented and reconstructed for presurgical planning and intraoperative guidance. The control cases were operated on using routine neuronavigation. RESULTS There was a trend for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) in the study group to be more likely to achieve gross total resection (74.4 versus 33.3%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference of low-grade gliomas resection between the two groups. Postoperative motor deterioration occurred in 32.8% of control cases, whereas it occurred in only 15.3% of the study cases (P < 0.001). The 6-month Karnofsky Performance Scale score of study cases was significantly higher than that of control cases (86 ± 20 versus 74 ± 28 overall, P < 0.001; 93 ± 10 versus 86 ± 17 for low-grade gliomas, P = 0.013; and 77 ± 27 versus 53 ± 32 for HGGs, P = 0.001). For 81 HGGs, the median survival of study cases was 21.2 months (95% confidence interval, 14.1–28.3 mo) compared with 14.0 months (95% confidence interval, 10.2–17.8 mo) of control cases (P = 0.048). The estimated hazard ratio for the effect of DTI-based functional neuronavigation was 0.570, representing a 43.0% reduction in the risk of death. CONCLUSION DTI-based functional neuronavigation contributes to maximal safe resection of cerebral gliomas with PT involvement, thereby decreasing postoperative motor deficits for both HGGs and low-grade gliomas while increasing high-quality survival for HGGs.

scholarly journals Impact of intraoperative 3-T MRI with diffusion tensor imaging on hemispherectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gun-Ha Kim ◽  
Joo Hee Seo ◽  
Seema Schroff ◽  
Po-Ching Chen ◽  
Ki Hyeong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Seizure Outcome ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

OBJECTIVE Hemispherectomy can produce remarkable seizure control of medically intractable hemispheric epilepsy in children, but some patients continue to have seizures after surgery. A frequent cause of treatment failure is incomplete surgical disconnection of the abnormal hemisphere. This study explores whether intraoperative 3-T MRI with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) during hemispherectomy can identify areas of incomplete disconnection and allow complete disconnection during a single surgery. METHODS The charts of 32 patients with epilepsy who underwent hemispherectomy between January 2012 and July 2014 at the Florida Hospital for Children were reviewed. Patients were grouped as having had curative or palliative hemispherectomy. To assess the completeness of disconnection when the surgeon considered the operation completed, intraoperative 3-T MRI-DTI was performed. If incomplete disconnection was identified, additional surgery was performed until MRI-DTI sequences confirmed satisfactory disconnection. Seizure outcome data were collected via medical records at last follow-up. RESULTS Of 32 patients who underwent hemispherectomy, 23 had curative hemispherectomy and 9 had palliative hemispherectomy. In 11 of 32 surgeries, the first intraoperative MRI-DTI sequences suggested incomplete disconnection and additional surgery followed by repeat MRI-DTI was performed. Complete disconnection was accomplished in 30 of 32 patients (93.8%). Two of 32 disconnections (6.3%) were incomplete on postoperative imaging. Cross-sectional results showed that 21 of 23 patients (91.3%) who had curative hemispherectomy remained free of seizures (International League Against Epilepsy Class 1) at a median follow-up of 1.7 years (range 0.4–2.9 years). The longitudinal seizure freedom after curative hemispherectomy was 95.2% (SE 0.05) at 6 months, 90.5% (SE 0.06) at 1 year, and 90.5% (SE 0.05) at 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative 3-T MRI-DTI sequences can identify incomplete disconnection during hemispherectomy and allow higher rates of complete disconnection in a single surgery. Higher rates of complete disconnection seem to achieve better seizure-free outcome following modified functional hemispherectomy.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional analysis of follow-up chest MRI and chest CT scans in patients previously affected by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pecoraro ◽  
Stefano Cipollari ◽  
Livia Marchitelli ◽  
Emanuele Messina ◽  
Maurizio Del Monte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Ct And Mri ◽  
Interlobular Septal Thickening

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the agreement between chest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) and to assess the diagnostic performance of chest MRI relative to that of CT during the follow-up of patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019. Materials and methods Fifty-two patients underwent both follow-up chest CT and MRI scans, evaluated for ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, interlobular septal thickening, fibrosis, pleural indentation, vessel enlargement, bronchiolar ectasia, and changes compared to prior CT scans. DWI/ADC was evaluated for signal abnormalities suspicious for inflammation. Agreement between CT and MRI was assessed with Cohen’s k and weighted k. Measures of diagnostic accuracy of MRI were calculated. Results The agreement between CT and MRI was almost perfect for consolidation (k = 1.00) and change from prior CT (k = 0.857); substantial for predominant pattern (k = 0.764) and interlobular septal thickening (k = 0.734); and poor for GGOs (k = 0.339), fibrosis (k = 0.224), pleural indentation (k = 0.231), and vessel enlargement (k = 0.339). Meanwhile, the sensitivity of MRI was high for GGOs (1.00), interlobular septal thickening (1.00), and consolidation (1.00) but poor for fibrotic changes (0.18), pleural indentation (0.23), and vessel enlargement (0.50) and the specificity was overall high. DWI was positive in 46.0% of cases. Conclusions The agreement between MRI and CT was overall good. MRI was very sensitive for GGOs, consolidation and interlobular septal thickening and overall specific for most findings. DWI could be a reputable imaging biomarker of inflammatory activity.

scholarly journals Meyer’s Loop Anatomy Demonstrated Using Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging and Fiber Tractography at 3T

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Goga ◽  
Zeynep Firat ◽  
Klara Brinzaniuc ◽  
Is Florian
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Software Release ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Meyer’S Loop

Abstract Objective: The ultimate anatomy of the Meyer’s loop continues to elude us. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) may be able to demonstrate, in vivo, the anatomy of the complex network of white matter fibers surrounding the Meyer’s loop and the optic radiations. This study aims at exploring the anatomy of the Meyer’s loop by using DTI and fiber tractography. Methods: Ten healthy subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DTI at 3 T. Using a region-of-interest (ROI) based diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking software (Release 2.6, Achieva, Philips), sequential ROI were placed to reconstruct visual fibers and neighboring projection fibers involved in the formation of Meyer’s loop. The 3-dimensional (3D) reconstructed fibers were visualized by superimposition on 3-planar MRI brain images to enhance their precise anatomical localization and relationship with other anatomical structures. Results: Several projection fiber including the optic radiation, occipitopontine/parietopontine fibers and posterior thalamic peduncle participated in the formation of Meyer’s loop. Two patterns of angulation of the Meyer’s loop were found. Conclusions: DTI with DTT provides a complimentary, in vivo, method to study the details of the anatomy of the Meyer’s loop.

Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Tractography of the Developing Rabbit Brain

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen D’Arceuil ◽  
Christina Liu ◽  
Pat Levitt ◽  
Barbara Thompson ◽  
Barry Kosofsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rabbit Brain

Changes in the corticospinal tract after wearing prosthesis in bilateral transtibial amputation

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Sang Yoon Lee ◽  
Si Hyun Kang ◽  
Don-Kyu Kim ◽  
Kyung Mook Seo ◽  
Hee Joon Ro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transtibial Amputation

Background:After amputation, the brain is known to be reorganized especially in the primary motor cortex. We report a case to show changes in the corticospinal tract in a patient with serial bilateral transtibial amputations using diffusion tensor imaging.Case Description and Methods:A 78-year-old man had a transtibial amputation on his left side in 2008 and he underwent a right transtibial amputation in 2011. An initial brain magnetic resonance imaging with a diffusion tensor imaging was performed before starting rehabilitation on his right transtibial prosthesis, and a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging was performed 2 years after this.Findings and Outcomes:In the initial diffusion tensor imaging, the number of fiber lines in his right corticospinal tract was larger than that in his left corticospinal tract. At follow-up diffusion tensor imaging, there was no definite difference in the number of fiber lines between both corticospinal tracts.Conclusion:We found that side-to-side corticospinal tract differences were equalized after using bilateral prostheses.Clinical relevanceThis case report suggests that diffusion tensor imaging tractography could be a useful method to understand corticomotor reorganization after using prosthesis in transtibial amputation.

scholarly journals Utility of diffusion tensor imaging studies linked to neuronavigation and other modalities in repeat hemispherotomy for intractable epilepsy

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Kiehna ◽  
Elysa Widjaja ◽  
Stephanie Holowka ◽  
O. Carter Snead ◽  
James Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Rasmussen’S Encephalitis ◽  
Initial Procedure ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Failed Surgery ◽  
Association Fibers

OBJECT Hemispherectomy for unilateral, medically refractory epilepsy is associated with excellent long-term seizure control. However, for patients with recurrent seizures following disconnection, workup and investigation can be challenging, and surgical options may be limited. Few studies have examined the role of repeat hemispherotomy in these patients. The authors hypothesized that residual fiber connections between the hemispheres could be the underlying cause of recurrent epilepsy in these patients. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to test this hypothesis, and to target residual connections at reoperation using neuronavigation. METHODS The authors identified 8 patients with recurrent seizures following hemispherectomy who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2012. Prolonged video electroencephalography recordings documented persistent seizures arising from the affected hemisphere. In all patients, DTI demonstrated residual white matter association fibers connecting the hemispheres. A repeat craniotomy and neuronavigation-guided targeted disconnection of these residual fibers was performed. Engel class was used to determine outcome after surgery at a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS Two patients underwent initial hemidecortication and 6 had periinsular hemispherotomy as their first procedures at a median age of 9.7 months. Initial pathologies included hemimegalencephaly (n = 4), multilobar cortical dysplasia (n = 3), and Rasmussen's encephalitis (n = 1). The mean duration of seizure freedom for the group after the initial procedure was 32.5 months (range 6–77 months). In all patients, DTI showed limited but definite residual connections between the 2 hemispheres, primarily across the rostrum/genu of the corpus callosum. The median age at reoperation was 6.8 years (range 1.3–14 years). The average time taken for reoperation was 3 hours (range 1.8–4.3 hours), with a mean blood loss of 150 ml (range 50–250 ml). One patient required a blood transfusion. Five patients are seizure free, and the remaining 3 patients are Engel Class II, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months for the group. CONCLUSIONS Repeat hemispherotomy is an option for consideration in patients with recurrent intractable epilepsy following failed surgery for catastrophic epilepsy. In conjunction with other modalities to establish seizure onset zones, advanced MRI and DTI sequences may be of value in identifying patients with residual connectivity between the affected and unaffected hemispheres. Targeted disconnection of these residual areas of connectivity using neuronavigation may result in improved seizure outcomes, with minimal and acceptable morbidity.

Increased muscle fiber fractional anisotropy value using diffusion tensor imaging after compression without fiber injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110582
Author(s):  
Takumi Yokohama ◽  
Motoyuki Iwasaki ◽  
Daisuke Oura ◽  
Sho Furuya ◽  
Yoshimasa Niiya
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

Background Recent studies have indicated that injuries such as muscle tears modify the microstructural integrity of muscle, leading to substantial alterations in measured diffusion parameters. Therefore, the fractional anisotropy (FA) value decreases. However, we hypothesized that soft tissue, such as muscle tissue, undergoes reversible changes under conditions of compression without fiber injury. Purpose To evaluate the FA change due to compression in muscle tissue without fiber injury. Material and Methods Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on both feet of 10 healthy volunteers (mean age = 35.0 ± 10.39 years; age range = 23–52 years) using a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with an eight-channel phased array knee coil. An MRI-compatible sphygmomanometer was applied to the individuals’ lower legs and individuals were placed in a compressed state. Then, rest intervals of 5 min were set in re-rest state after compression. The FA value, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and eigenvalues (λ1, λ2, λ3) of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle were measured at each state. Results The mean FA values increased in all muscles in a compressed state, while the mean λ3 decreased. In all muscles, significant differences were found between the rest and compressed states in terms of mean FA and λ3 ( P < 0.0001). Conclusion We confirmed the reversibility of the DTI metrics, which suggests that there was no muscle injury during this study. In cases of compression without fiber injury, the FA value increases, because fibers are strongly aligned in the longitudinal direction.

Therapeutic Hypothermia in Brazil: A MultiProfessional National Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1150-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Variane ◽  
L. M. Cunha ◽  
P. Pinto ◽  
P. Brandao ◽  
R. S. Mascaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective To determine the rate of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) use, current practices, and long-term follow-up. Study Design Prospective cross-sectional national survey with 19 questions related to the assessment of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and TH practices. An online questionnaire was made available to health care professionals working in neonatal care in Brazil. Results A total of 1,092 professionals replied, of which 681 (62%) reported using TH in their units. Of these, 624 (92%) provided TH practices details: 136 (20%) did not use any neurologic score or amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) to assess encephalopathy and 81(13%) did not answer this question. Any specific training for encephalopathy assessment was provided to only 81/407 (19%) professionals. Infants with mild HIE are cooled according to 184 (29%) of the respondents. Significant variations in practice were noticed concerning time of initiation and cooling methods, site of temperature measurements and monitoring, and access to aEEG, electroencephalogram (EEG), and neurology consultation. Only 19% could perform a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 31% reported having a well-established follow-up program for these infants. Conclusion TH has been implemented in Brazil but with significant heterogeneity for most aspects of hypothermia practices, which may affect safety or efficacy of the therapy. A step forward toward quality improvement is important.

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