Soil fumigation with methyl bromide: the uptake and distribution of inorganic bromide in tomato plants

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. KEMPTON ◽  
G. A. MAW
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Tomato Plants

Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

Effect of ryegrass root residues, knockdown herbicides, and fungicides on the emergence of barley in sandy soils

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Blowes
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Soil Drench ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Possible Cause

Poor seedling emergence of 30 000 ha of winter crops occurred in Western Australia in 1984 after herbicides were used to kill weeds prior to sowing. In pot experiments to determine the possible cause(s), the emergence of barley seedlings was reduced by the presence of both herbicide treated and untreated ryegrass root residues in the soil. Fumigation of the soil with methy1 bromide or the application of a fungicide soil drench restored seedling emergence in the presence of ryegrass root residues, but benomyl drench was less effective than methyl bromide fumigant or furalaxyl soil drench. The effects of the residue, fumigant and furalaxyl were consistent in the 3 soils used but soif type affected the severity of the problem. In the presence of ryegrass root residues, Pythim species colonised the large roots and subsurface hypocotyl of barley seedlings. Metalaxyl seed dressing reduced the colonisation of barley seedlings by Pythim species and restored seedling emergence.

scholarly journals Agricultural soil fumigation as a source of atmospheric methyl bromide.

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (18) ◽  
pp. 8420-8423 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yagi ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
N. Y. Wang ◽  
R. J. Cicerone
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Fumigation

scholarly journals Bromine Uptake of Muskmelon and Cucumber Plants Following Soil Fumigation with Methyl Bromide

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao MASUI ◽  
Akira NUKAYA ◽  
Takayasu OGURA ◽  
Akira ISHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Fumigation

scholarly journals 912 PB 156 EFFECT OF SOIL STERILIZATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE GAS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF STRAWBERRY (Fragana × ananassa) Duch

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 564f-564
Author(s):  
M. I. Ragab ◽  
Kh. A. Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Soil Sterilization ◽  
Yielding Ability ◽  
Vegetable Growth ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Plot Design

The objective of thus work was to study the effect of soil fumigation with methyl bromide and different mulching types on growth and productivity of the strawberry cultivar Chandler. The experiment Included 8 Treatments which were the combination of 2 soil fumigation treatments × 4 mulching polyethylene types A split plot design with four replicates was adopted Soil fumigation treatments (fumigated and non fumigated) were assigned as main plots, whereas the four mulching polyethylene treatment (control, black, white and transparent) were distributed as subplots. Results Indicated that in order to improve the vegetable growth and to increase the high yielding ability of strawberry cv. Chandler, it is recommended to fumigate soil with methyl bromide gas (50 gm/m2) and apply transparent polyethylene soil mulching Moreover, in strawberry fields where weeds show serious problem. it is better to use the black polyethylene in controlling weeds of both the fumigated and non fumigated soils.

scholarly journals Fumigant Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for Polyethylene-mulched

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1208-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvadore J. Locascio ◽  
James P. Gilreath ◽  
D.W. Dickson ◽  
Thomas A. Kucharek ◽  
J.P. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Metam Sodium

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was grown to evaluate various chemicals as possible alternatives to methyl bromide soil fumigation. Due to a combination of weeds, nematodes, and soil fungi, the use of a broad-spectrum fumigant has been essential for economical tomato production in Florida. Methyl bromide (MBr) and combinations of MBr with chloropicrin (Pic) are the fumigants of choice for most growers using polyethylene mulch culture. In 1991, MBr was allegedly associated with stratospheric ozone depletion. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has since mandated a phaseout of MBr for soil fumigation in the United States by the year 2001. At three locations in Florida, alternative soil fumigants were evaluated, including soil injected 98% MBr—2% Pic at 450 kg·ha-1, 67% MBr—33% Pic (390 kg·ha-1), Pic (390 kg·ha-1), dichloropropene + 17% Pic (1,3-D + Pic) at 327 L·ha-1, and metam-sodium (935 L·ha-1). Also, metam-sodium and tetrathiocarbonate (1870 L·ha-1) were applied by drip irrigation. Dazomet (450 kg·ha-1) was surface applied and soil incorporated. Pebulate (4.5 kg·ha-1) was soil incorporated with some treatments. Pic and 1,3-D + Pic treatments provided good to moderate control of nematodes and soil fungi except in one of the six studies, in which nematode control with 1,3-D was moderate to poor. Nutsedge densities were suppressed by addition of pebulate. Tomato fruit yields with 1,3-D + Pic + pebulate and with Pic + pebulate at the three sites ranged from 85% to 114%, 60% to 95%, and l01% to 119%, respectively, of that obtained with MBr treatments. Pest control and crop yield were lower with treatments other than the above pebulate-containing or MBr-containing treatments. These studies indicate that no one alternative pesticide can provide the consistent broad-spectrum control provided by MBr. Chemical names used: trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin); 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D); sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate (metam-sodium); sodium tetrathiocarbonate (tetrathiocarbonate); 3,5-dimethyl-(2H)-tetrahydro-l,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (dazomet); S-propyl butyl(ethyl)thiocarbamate (pebulate).

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