Making Broad Shoulders: Body-Building and Physical Culture in Chicago 1890–1920

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Churchill

In February 1899, the Committee of Physical Culture of the Chicago Public School Board approved an intensive “anthropometric” study of all children enrolled in the city's public schools. The study was a detailed attempt to measure the height, weight, strength, lung capacity, hearing, and general fitness of Chicago's student population. Through 1899 and 1900, thousands of Chicago's primary, grammar, and high school students had their bodies closely scrutinized, measured, weighed, tested, and, in a few cases, diagrammed. What the School Board members wanted to know was the “fitness” of the student body. Were Chicago public school students—many recently arrived immigrants from eastern and southern Europe—vital and vigorous children who could become energetic modern workers and citizens (Figure 1)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Bamshad Mobasher ◽  
Lucia Dettori ◽  
Daniela Raicu ◽  
Raffaella Settimi ◽  
Nasim Sonboli ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyn Boulter

<p>This study added to existing data on home school effectiveness by comparing the academic achievement of 66 home school students with 66 of their grade-level peers in traditional public schools. The two groups of students were matched on gender, race, and grade level and were administered the Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery III. No significant difference in overall academic achievement was found between the groups.  Both home school and public school students had average or above average scores in reading, math, written language, and broad knowledge (science, social studies, and humanities).  The results further revealed a downward trend in math, reading and broad knowledge scores with increasing grade level. This trend suggests that home school and public school students experience a “developmental mismatch” between the changes that occur in adolescence and their school/home experiences, resulting in lower motivation, confidence, and academic performance.</p>


1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1155-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Yarnold

This analysis examined inhalant use by 482 adolescents in Dade County, Florida public schools in 1992. Probit analysis indicated factors associated with increased probability of use included peers' use of inhalants, earlier grades (Grades 7 and 8), ready access, and a family member with a drug or alcohol problem. Adolescents were slightly more likely to use inhalants if they knew of the associated risks.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-122
Author(s):  
Augusta B. S. Oliveira Klebis ◽  
Osmarina Gomes Paiola ◽  
Samara Correia Lima

In the current context, government and civil society have been discussing commitments related to children ́s and youths ́right to education, expressed in the increasing ofthe daily length of permanencein public schools, beyond the six hoursa day. Thus, the main objective of this research is to bring to the debate the implications and challenges of the implementation of the IntegralEducation by municipalities. More specifically, it seeks: a) to discuss the concept of integral education through the view of several authors; b) to provide different experiences with integraleducation on the historical trajectory of Brazilian education; c) to reflect on the importance of integraleducation tothe development of subjectsin its various dimensions; d) to analyze the projectsfor integraleducation in the programs “Mais Educação”(linked to the Brazilian Ministry of Education) and “Cidadescola”(of the municipality of Presidente Prudente). To develop this study,the methodology chosen was the bibliographical research,with aqualitative approachto thetheoretical support of several authors, in addition to miningofficial documents on the programs analysed. We conclude that, although advances have been observed, it is still necessary to overcome many challenges to achieve the desired quality for an education that provides the human and social emancipation of public school students.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Alexia Aline Da Silva Moraes ◽  
Cleuma Sueli Santos Suto ◽  
Jones Sidnei Barbosa de Oliveira ◽  
Carle Porcino ◽  
Sérgio Corrêa Marques ◽  
...  

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as representações sociais de discentes de escolas públicas sobre o preservativo feminino. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, apoiado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, com 94 estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas, utilizou-se a Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras com o termo indutor “preservativo feminino”, a análise dos dados deu-se por meio do software de análise textual IRAMUTEQ que originou uma figura de similitudes e a nuvem de palavras. Resultados: as discentes representaram o preservativo feminino como possibilidade de “sexo seguro” e importante tecnologia que favorece a autonomia, a prevenção, a proteção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e da gravidez não planejada, mas a ausência de familiaridade com o método e as relações de gênero foram identificadas como fatores que dificultam a utilização. Conclusão: constatou-se que o preservativo feminino é importante para ‘prevenção de doenças e proteção contra a gravidez’, isso implica no processo teórico prático acerca da importância da educação em saúde e aumento da adesão do preservativo feminino nas relações sexuais. Descritores: Estudantes; Preservativo Feminino; Sexualidade; Saúde da Mulher; Teoria Social; Educação em Saúde. ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the social representations of public school students about the female condom. Method: a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study supported by the Theory of Social Representations, with 94 high school students from public schools, the Free Speech Association technique was used with the term "female condom". Data analysis was done through the IRAMUTEQ textual analysis software that originated a figure of similarities and the word cloud. Results: the students represented the female condom as a possibility of "safe sex" and an important technology that favors autonomy, prevention, protection from sexually transmitted infections and unplanned pregnancy, but lack of familiarity with the method and relations of gender identified as factors that make it difficult to use. Conclusion: it was found that the female condom is important for 'prevention of diseases and protection against pregnancy', this implies in the practical theoretical process about the importance of health education and increase of female condom adherence in sexual relations. Descriptors: Students; Female Condoms; Sexuality; Women’s Health; Social theory; Health Education.RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las representaciones sociales de los discentes de escuelas públicas sobre el preservativo femenino. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, apoyado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, con 94 estudiantes de la enseñanza media de escuelas públicas, se utilizó la Técnica de Asociación Libre de Palabras con el término inductor "preservativo femenino", el análisis de los datos se dio a través del software de análisis textual IRAMUTEQ que originó una figura de similitudes y la nube de palabras. Resultados: los discentes representaron el preservativo femenino como posibilidad de "sexo seguro" e importante tecnología que favorece la autonomía, la prevención, la protección de infecciones sexualmente transmisibles y del embarazo no planificado, pero la ausencia de familiaridad con el método y las relaciones de género fueron identificadas como factores que dificultan la utilización. Conclusión: se constató que el preservativo femenino es importante para la prevención de enfermedades y protección contra el embarazo, lo que implica en el proceso teórico práctico acerca de la importancia de la educación en salud y aumento de la adhesión del preservativo femenino en las relaciones sexuales. Descriptores: Estudiantes; Preservativo Femenino; La sexualidad; Salud de la Mujer; Teoría Social; Educación en Salud.


Káñina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-94
Author(s):  
Damaris Castro-García

The aim of the present study is to offer a comparative perspective on the level of attainment of productive vocabulary in three different high school settings in the Costa Rican educational system. The study compares the results obtained in two tasks that demand controlled production and free productive vocabulary from students who attend these schools. The vocabulary was measured through the Productive Vocabulary Levels Test (PVLT) and a free composition, respectively. The first school is a school where content based instruction is implemented. The second school, a semi-private school, offers more hours of instruction of English as a Foreign Language than the minimum required by the Ministry of Education, although English is not used to teach non-language subjects. In the third school, a public school, the minimum number of hours officially required is offered to the students (532 hours). The results in the controlled productive vocabulary task and in the free composition favor, by far, the performance of the students who are taught using English as a medium of instruction. These results point to a much-needed change in the teaching methodology of EFL in Costa Rica, especially when it comes to the teaching practices implemented in most public schools.


Author(s):  
Belinda Davis Lazarus

Increasingly, K-12 schools are delivering instruction via Internet courses that allow students to access course content and complete assignments from home. Although a decade ago, online courses for public school students were not available, a growing number of countries have discovered that online instruction offers schools the opportunity to provide a wider variety of courses and experiences for students with a variety of skills and abilities. In fact, the Governor of Michigan just signed legislation that will require all high school students to take at least one online course prior to graduation (Carnevale, 2006; Moser, 2006). Educators have learned to adapt courses for online instruction and several universities are partnering with public schools to share expertise in the virtual education arena.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 630 randomly selected 10th grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Abuse Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Ever use of cigarette, alcohol and marijuana was higher in private schools (27.6%, 39.0%, and 5.7%, respectively) than public schools (15.3%, 25.8%, 2.2%, respectively) (P < 0.05). The drug abuse tendency score was nearly higher in public school students (10.4 ± 9.4) than private schools (12.1 ± 9.9) (P = 0.090). Perceived prevalence of cigarette and marijuana use by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools are at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.


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