Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis Among Schoolchildren Who Were Lifelong Residents of Communities Having Either Low or Optimal Levels of Fluoride in Drinking Water

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Selwitz ◽  
Ruth E. Nowjack-Raymer ◽  
Albert Kingman ◽  
William S. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis

FLUORIDE AS A NUTRIEN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
L. J. Filer ◽  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Richard B. Goldbloom ◽  
Malcolm A. Holliday ◽  
Robert W. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Normal Component ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Calcified Tissues

The association of mottled enamel and dental fluorosis with community drinking water was detected before 1920 and was specifically related to the fluoride content of the water when Churchill, in 1931,1 was able to measure trace amounts of fluoride in drinking water. Also, in areas with communal water supplies naturally contaming increased amounts of fluoride, the occurrence of dental caries was lower than that seen in the general population.2 These observations and subsequent studies3 led to the practice of adding fluoride to communal waters, with a consequent significant reduclion in the incidence of dental caries. Nearly 90 million persons in 7,500 communities4 use water supplies containing an amount of fluoride effective in reducing the dental caries rate. Fluoride is present in the customary diet and in most potable water sources in amounts that vary from 0.1 to 0.5 parts per million (ppm).5 The average dietary intake of fluoride is approximately 0.5 mg daily from these two sources. In the temperate zone, fluoridated community water supplies are increased in fluoride content to a level of 1.0 ppm, thus providing, on the average, a total fluoride ingestion of 1.5 mg per day. A lesser level of fluoridation may be sufficient in warmer climates conducive to a higher water consumption. Fluoride is regarded as an essential nutrient6 and it is now well known to be effective in the maintenance of a tooth enamel that is more resistant to decay. Fluoride is a normal component of tooth enamel and bone. Studies in vivo and in vitro demonstrate that the calcified tissues of both enamel and bone are made up of a combination of hydroxy- and fluor-apatites of varying composition, depending on the abundance of fluoride at the site of formation.

scholarly journals Dental caries and its association with increasing water fluoride concentration in district Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Vartika Saxena ◽  
Manisha Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Fluoride

Background: Evidence from scientific literature confirms both beneficial and detrimental effects of fluoride on human health with only a narrow range between intakes associated with these effects. The limits of this range have been controversial among researchers since the 1930s. Considering this, the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of fluoride in India has been reduced from 1.5 to 1.0 mg/l in 1998. This study aimed to evaluate the association between increasing water fluoride levels and dental caries prevention on permanent teeth.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1400 children (aged 6–19 years). Caries experience and dental fluorosis were recorded using DMFT/deft and Dean's index respectively. Also, fluoride concentration in drinking water was analyzed. Around 14.4% of children had dental caries with maximum frequency among 9-10 years of age. A significant negative correlation between caries experience and water fluoride level was found (p<0.05), with the lowest DMFT scores at the fluoride level of 0.61–2 mg/l and the highest at 0.0–0.3 mg/l. Whereas, high prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed above 0.7 mg/l.Results: The study revealed that the presence of 0.3-0.7 mg/l fluoride in drinking water reduces dental caries, without an objectionable rise in dental fluorosis.Conclusions: It can be suggested that fluoride has anticaries property but due to a ‘narrow therapeutic window’ of 0.3-0.7 mg/l, in a country like India where endemic fluorosis is prevalent, its topical application should be encouraged which is almost equally effective with less systemic adverse effects.

Fluoride level in drinking water and prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries among the school children A descriptive cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Hamoud Alanazi ◽  
◽  
Fahad Abdullah Alsaab ◽  
Saud Sulaiman Alatallah ◽  
Suliman Fahad Alfahaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Cross Sectional

Relationship of Dental Caries at Different Concentrations of Fluoride in Endemic Areas: An Epidemiological Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Mohan Marya ◽  
Sonal Dhingra ◽  
Vandana Marya ◽  
BR Ashokkumar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: Fluoride has been an effective tool to prevent dental caries but efforts have been on to establish optimal level of fluoride in drinking water in different communities. The present study seeks to establish the safe and acceptable concentration of fluoride in drinking water which would lead to maximum caries protection with least amount of clinically observable dental fluorosis. Study Design: 30 villages from 2 districts of Haryana were classified according to differing levels of fluoride in the drinking water. 3007 school children(1558 males & 1449 female)] were examined and the DMFT score was related to the level of fluoride in drinking water. Results: The caries prevalence was maximum (48.02%) in the area having 0.50 ppm fluoride in drinking water. The children from area having the 1.13 ppm fluoride level had the least caries prevalence i.e. 28.07%. Conclusion: The results of the present study did not suggest any additional anticaries benefit beyond 1.13ppm fluoride level. The present investigation showed that the optimal fluoride levels for drinking water for our conditions were near 1.13ppm (1-1.2 ppm) as there was maximum caries protection with least amount of esthetically objectionable fluorosis at that level.

Prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis in areas with negligible, optimal, and above-optimal fluoride concentrations in drinking water

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Driscoll ◽  
Herschel S. Horowitz ◽  
Rhea J. Meyers ◽  
Stanley B. Heifetz ◽  
Albert Kingman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis

Exposure to High-Fluoride Drinking Water and Risk of Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis in Haryana, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Mohan Marya ◽  
B. R. Ashokkumar ◽  
Sonal Dhingra ◽  
Vandana Dahiya ◽  
Anil Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
High Fluoride
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