Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Health Care Settings: A Quantitative Review with a Focus on Women

ABSTRACT It is well established that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with numerous morbidities independent of age, biological sex, race or ethnicity, and commonly obtained risk factors. More recent evidence also demonstrates that the addition of CRF to multivariable risk prediction algorithms used to estimate cardiovascular disease risk improves risk stratification. However, it is neither feasible nor appropriate to perform an exercise test to quantify CRF during most routine clinical encounters. A growing number of studies have suggested that CRF can be assessed pragmatically and reasonably accurately without performing a maximal exercise test. The concept that CRF can be substantially improved in response to regular exercise consistent with consensus recommendations underscores the recommendation that CRF should be a routine measure—a vital sign—across health care settings. Herein, we provide a brief, narrative overview of the evidence in support of this recommendation.

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Correction to: Effect of a Computer-Guided, Quality Improvement Program for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Management in Primary Health Care: The Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Using Electronic Decision Support Cluster-Randomized Trial

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/hcq.0000000000000049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cluster Randomized Trial ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Electronic Decision Support ◽

Primary Health ◽

Cluster Randomized

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Physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports ◽

10.1007/s12170-009-0043-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 281-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jonatan R. Ruiz ◽

Francisco B. Ortega

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

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Habitual physical activity is not associated with lower cardiovascular risk profile or higher aerobic fitness

Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2016.14.429 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Denis Fabrício Valério ◽

Arthur Fernandes Gáspari ◽

Giovana Vergínea de Souza ◽

Cleiton Augusto Libardi ◽

Claudia Regina Cavaglieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Vo2 Max

Introduction: Physical inactivity is considered as one of the factors to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and decrease aerobic fitness mainly in middle-age. Increased habitual physical activity (HPA) is one of the strategies recommended to reduce physical inactivity. However, it is not known whether middle-age individuals who exclusively perform greater amount of HPA have greater aerobic fitness and / or a lower risk of CVDs. Objective: Verify the association between HPA with the risk of CVDs and aerobic fitness in individuals who only perform HPA. Method: We selected 89 male volunteers, age: 47.4 ± 5.06 years, who did not practice systemized physical training. Our measurements were: HPA by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Baecke questionnaires, the aerobic fitness by direct assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 máx) and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by the score calculation of General Cardiovascular Risk Profile from Framingham Study. Results: There was no correlation of the HPA level with cardiovascular risk factors, general cardiovascular disease risk and VO2 máx. Moreover, no difference was found between the categorical groups of the IPAQ questionnaire and between the groups, “clusters”, calculated from the Baecke questionnaire scores for the variables of cardiovascular risk, general cardiovascular disease risk and VO2 máx. Conclusion: This study have found that the HPA level of middle-aged men is not associated with lower cardiovascular risk profile or higher aerobic fitness, suggesting that only increase HPA may not be enough to promote beneficial adaptations in aerobic fitness and improve risk profile for CVDs. These results may be related to low volume and intensity of HPA, which reinforces the importance of performing physical training with control of these variables for health promotion.

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