Bordetella bronchiseptica and equine respiratory infections: a review of 30 cases

ABSTRACT Iron (Fe) in soluble elemental form is found in the tissues and fluids of animals at concentrations insufficient for sustaining growth of bacteria. Consequently, to promote colonization and persistence, pathogenic bacteria evolved a myriad of scavenging mechanisms to acquire Fe from the host. Bordetella bronchiseptica, the etiologic agent of upper respiratory infections in a wide range of mammalian hosts, expresses a number of proteins for acquisition of Fe. Using proteomic and genomic approaches, three Fe-regulated genes were identified in the bordetellae: bfrH, a gene encoding a putative siderophore receptor; ecfI, a gene encoding a putative extracellular function (ECF) sigma factor; and ecfR, a gene encoding a putative EcfI modulator. All three genes are highly conserved in B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. avium. Genetic analysis revealed that transcription of bfrH was coregulated by ecfI, ecfR, and fur1, one of two fur homologues carried by B. bronchiseptica. Overexpression of ecfI decoupled bfrH from Fe-dependent regulation. In contrast, expression of bfrH was significantly reduced in an ecfI deletion mutant. Deletion of ecfR, however, was correlated with a significant increase in expression of bfrH, due in part to a cis-acting nucleotide sequence within ecfR which likely reduces the frequency of readthrough transcription of bfrH from the Fe-dependent ecfIR promoter. Using a murine competition infection model, bfrH was shown to be required for optimal virulence of B. bronchiseptica. These experiments revealed ecfIR-bfrH as a locus encoding a new member of the growing family of Fe and ECF sigma factor-modulated regulons in the bordetellae.

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Prevalence of causative agents of respiratory infections in cats and dogs in Russia

Russian veterinary journal ◽

10.32416/2500-4379-2020-2020-1-9-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Sergey Konyaev

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Adenovirus Type ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Feline Calicivirus ◽

Infectious Agents ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Parainfluenza Viruses ◽

Causative Agents

Feline calicivirus (FCV), as well as the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica, Chlamydia felis and Mycoplasma felis are the top five most common pathogens that cause URTI. A Kennel Cough or Infectious Respiratory Disease in Dogs (IRS) has a complex etiological cause. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of the main pathogens that cause URTI and IRS entering the veterinary clinics of Russia. By real time PCR (profile) from material obtained from 5 520 cats for 5 infectious agents, 81.7 % were positively detected, and in 25.9 % of cases with the appearance of co-infections. The DNA of the bacterium B. bronchiseptica was detected 3.7 % (n = 233), C. felis 11.2 % (n = 698), M. felis 21.5 % (n = 1347). FCV RNA was detected in real time reverse transcription PCR in 21.4 % of cases (n = 1340), FHV-1 DNA in 16.3 % (n = 1017) of samples. When examining 1742 dogs for six causative agents of the IRRS: parainfluenza viruses (CPiV), distemper (CDV), adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine herpesvirus (CHV), B. bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma cynos ― positive 981 were detected samples (56.3 %), the only pathogen was detected in 740 cases (75.4 %). In 206 cases, B.bronchiseptica DNA was detected, in 13 CAV-2, in 272 CPiV, and in 84 CDV RNA, CHV ― 17, M.cynos ― 389. Thus, the proportion of positive reactions arriving at B. bronchiseptica was 15.9% , for CAV-2 ― 1.01 %, for cases of CPiV ― 20.8 %, and for CDV ― 6.4 %, for M. cynos29.8 %, CHV 1.3 %, for mix infection ― 24.6 %.

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Microbiological and clinical aspects of respiratory infections associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.01.011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Celia García-de-la-Fuente ◽

Laura Guzmán ◽

María Eliecer Cano ◽

Jesús Agüero ◽

Carmen Sanjuán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Clinical Aspects

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Bordetella bronchiseptica: a rare cause of meningitis

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05668-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Radcliffe ◽

Audun Lier ◽

Natnael Doilicho ◽

Sunil Parikh ◽

Firas Kaddouh

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Animal Contact ◽

Obligate Aerobic ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Immunocompromised Hosts ◽

Fluid Leak

Abstract Background Bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative, obligate aerobic coccobacillus known to cause disease in domesticated animals and pets. In humans, B. bronchiseptica commonly leads to respiratory infections like pneumonia or bronchitis, and animal contact usually precedes the onset of symptoms. Case presentation We report a case of post-traumatic B. bronchiseptica meningitis without recent surgery in the setting of immunosuppression with a monoclonal antibody. Our case concerns a 77-year-old male with ulcerative colitis on infliximab who sustained a mechanical fall and developed a traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak complicated by meningitis. He received meropenem then ceftazidime during his hospital course, and temporary neurosurgical drain placement was required. His clinical condition improved, and he was discharged at his baseline neurological status. Conclusions B. bronchiseptica is an unusual cause of meningitis that may warrant consideration in immunocompromised hosts with known or suspected animal exposures. To better characterize this rare cause of meningitis, we performed a systematic literature review and summarized all previously reported cases.

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Passively Released Heme from Hemoglobin and Myoglobin Is a Potential Source of Nutrient Iron for Bordetella bronchiseptica

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00407-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 4857-4866 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jeffrey C. Mocny ◽

John S. Olson ◽

Terry D. Connell

Keyword(s):

Direct Contact ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Atrophic Rhinitis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Potential Source ◽

Successful Colonization

ABSTRACT Colonization by Bordetella bronchiseptica results in a variety of inflammatory respiratory infections, including canine kennel cough, porcine atrophic rhinitis, and a whooping cough-like disease in humans. For successful colonization, B. bronchiseptica must acquire iron (Fe) from the infected host. A vast amount of Fe within the host is sequestered within heme, a metalloporphyrin which is coordinately bound in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Utilization of hemoglobin and myoglobin as sources of nutrient Fe by B. bronchiseptica requires expression of BhuR, an outer membrane protein. We hypothesize that hemin is acquired by B. bronchiseptica in a BhuR-dependent manner after spontaneous loss of the metalloporphyrin from hemoglobin and/or myoglobin. Sequestration experiments demonstrated that direct contact with hemoglobin or myoglobin was not required to support growth of B. bronchiseptica in an Fe-limiting environment. Mutant myoglobins, each exhibiting a different affinity for heme, were employed to demonstrate that the rate of growth of B. bronchiseptica was directly correlated with the rate at which heme was lost from the hemoprotein. Finally, Escherichia coli cells expressing recombinant BhuR had the capacity to remove hemin from solution. Collectively, these experiments provided strong experimental support for the model that BhuR is a hemin receptor and B. bronchiseptica likely acquires heme during infection after passive loss of the metalloporphyrin from hemoglobin and/or myoglobin. These results also suggest that spontaneous hemin loss by hemoglobin and myoglobin may be a common mechanism by which many pathogenic bacteria acquire heme and heme-bound Fe.

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Gastrointestinal Helminths Increase Bordetella bronchiseptica Shedding and Host Variation in Supershedding

10.1101/2021.05.06.442912 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nhat Nguyen ◽

Ashutosh K Pathak ◽

Isabella M Cattadori

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Pathogen Transmission ◽

Helminth Species ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽

Rapid Variation

Multi-species infections have been suggested to facilitate pathogen transmission and the emergence of supershedding events. However, how the interactions between co-infecting pathogens affect their dynamics of shedding, and how this is related to the host immune response, remains largely unclear. We used laboratory experiments and a modeling approach to examine temporal variations in the shedding of the respiratory bacterium Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits challenged with one or two gastrointestinal helminth species. Experimental data showed that rabbits co-infected with one or both helminths shed significantly more B. bronchiseptica by direct contact with an agar petri dish than rabbits with bacteria alone. There was also evidence of synergistic effects when both helminth species were present (triple infection). Co-infected hosts generated supershedding events of higher intensity and more frequently than hosts with no helminths. Model simulations revealed that the two helminths affected the relative contribution of neutrophils and specific IgA and IgG to B. bronchiseptica neutralization in the respiratory tract. In turn, these changes led to differences in the magnitude and duration of shedding among the various types of infection. However, the rapid variation in individual shedding, including supershedding, could not be explained by the interactions between infection and immune response at the scale of analysis that we used. We suggest that local rapid changes at the level of respiratory tissue probably played a more important role. This study provides novel insight into the role of helminths to the dynamics of respiratory infections and offers a quantitative explanation for the differences generated by two helminth species.

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Antimicrobial activity of danofloxacin regarding to bacteria, pathogens of respiratory infections in pigs

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9504 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (95) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

T. I. Stetsko ◽

I. Ia. Kotsiumbas ◽

Ya. M. Liubenko ◽

V. N. Padovskyi ◽

H. P. Uhryn

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Respiratory Infection ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Streptococcus Suis ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

High Level

The objective of the research was to study the antimicrobial activity of danofloxacin, the third-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, against bacteria, pathogens of acute respiratory infection in pigs. Samples of nasal excretions were selected from clinically sick weaned piglets with acute respiratory infection for microbiological investigation. The sensitivity test, carried out by the disc-diffusion method, showed a high level of the microflora sensitivity of the inflammatory exudate to danofloxacin. Bacteria Streptococcus suis and Bordetella bronchiseptica have been isolated and identified from biomaterial by generally accepted microbiological methods. The degree of antimicrobial activity of danofloxacin against isolated strains of microorganisms was established by determination the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of danofloxacin for isolated bacteria by consecutive dilutions in a liquid nutrient medium. The MIC average of danofloxacin for Streptococcus suis isolates (n = 20) was 0.33 ± 0.082 μg/ml and for Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates (n = 8) – 0.21 ± 0.044 μg/ml. The obtained results showed a high level of bacteriostatic activity of danofloxacin regarding bacterial isolates, pathogens of acute respiratory infection in pigs. Danofloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, is a critical antimicrobial substance for veterinary medicine. Therefore, chemotherapeutic agents based on this antibiotic can serve as a drug of choice for empirical treatment of pigs with acute respiratory infections of bacterial etiology. To right choose an effective agent for etiotropic therapy and minimize the selection of resistant strains of microorganisms, the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria should be pre-established.

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