Drought stress in sunflower causes inhibition of seed filling due to reduced cell‐extension growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Keipp ◽  
Birgit W. Hütsch ◽  
Katrin Ehlers ◽  
Sven Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Cell Extension ◽  
Seed Filling

scholarly journals An In Vitro System That Simulates Plant Cell Extension Growth

1970 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1814-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Rayle ◽  
P. M. Haughton ◽  
R. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Cell Extension

scholarly journals Effects of Iron and Zinc Spray on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Monjezi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, iron and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of wheat, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Shahid Salemi Farm in Ahwaz as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: Level A) full irrigation, Level B) stopping irrigation at pollination step, and Level C) stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subsidiary plots were considered with and without iron and zinc spray. Influencing the seed filling process, in interaction with iron, wich is an important leaf's chlorophyll cation, zinc increased the seed yield. The drought stress reduced the thousand kernels weight (TKW) and the number of seeds per spike increased about 24% and 8.5% more than the one of control treatment, respectively. Using iron, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of thousand kernels weight from 45.71 to 46.83 grams and the increase of spike from 49.51 to 51.73. Zinc spray increased seed yield and thousand kernels weight. The results obtained from the present research showed that iron and zinc spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.

Pod-wall proteomics provide novel insights into soybean seed-filling process under chemical-induced terminal drought stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashree Sengupta ◽  
Divya Kariyat ◽  
Sureshbabu Marriboina ◽  
Attipalli R Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

scholarly journals Dehydrin‐Like Proteins in Soybean Seeds in Response to Drought Stress during Seed Filling

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 2141-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Samarah ◽  
R. E. Mullen ◽  
S. R. Cianzio ◽  
P. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Seed Filling

scholarly journals Individual and combined effects of transient drought and heat stress on carbon assimilation and seed filling in chickpea

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Awasthi ◽  
Neeru Kaushal ◽  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Jens Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

High temperatures and decreased rainfall are detrimental to yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), particularly during grain filling. This study aimed to (i) assess the individual and combined effects of drought and heat stress on biochemical seed-filling processes, (ii) determine genotypic differences in heat and drought tolerance, and (iii) determine any cross-tolerance. Plants were grown outdoors in the normal growing season when temperatures during seed filling were <32−20°C or were planted late (temperatures >32−20°C; heat stress). Half of the pots were kept adequately watered throughout, but water was withheld from the others from the initiation of seed filling until the relative leaf water content reached 50% of the irrigated plants (drought stress); all plants were rewatered thereafter until seed maturit. Water was withheld for 13 days (normal sowing) and 7 days (late sowing), so soil moisture decreased by 54–57%. Tests on leaves and seeds were performed after the stress. Individual and combined stress damaged membranes, and decreased cellular oxidising ability, stomatal conductance, PSII function and leaf chlorophyll content; damage was greater under combined stress. Leaf Rubisco activity increased with heat stress, decreased with drought stress and decreased severely with combined stress. Sucrose and starch concentrations decreased in all seeds through reductions in biosynthetic enzymes; reductions were greater under combined stress. These effects were more severe in heat- and drought-sensitive genotypes compared with drought-tolerant genotypes. Drought stress had a greater effect than heat stress on yield and the biochemical seed-filling mechanisms. Drought- and heat-tolerant genotypes showed partial cross-tolerance.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress during soybean R2-R6 growth stages on sucrose metabolism and its transport from leaf to seed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Du ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Liru Chen ◽  
Xingdong Yao ◽  
Huijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Early Seed Development ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

Abstract Background Sucrose is the main photosynthesis product of plants and the fundamental carbon skeleton monomer and energy supply for seed formation and development. Drought stress induces decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity and seriously affects seed weight in soybean. However, little is known about the relationship between decreases in soybean seed yield and disruption of sucrose metabolism and transport balance in leaves and seeds during the reproductive stages of crop growth.Results Three soybean cultivars with similar growth periods, ‘Shennong17’, ‘Shennong8’, and ‘Shennong12’ were subjected to drought stress during reproductive growth for 45 days. Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight. Drought stress changed the distribution of carbon assimilation products in leaves, thus decreasing starch content and increasing soluble sugar content. Drought stress increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes, and up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1 , GmSuSy2 , and GmA-INV in leaves. Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages, while it induced sucrose accumulated, which resulted in a decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio. In developing seeds, the activities of sucrose synthesis and decomposition enzymes and the expression levels of genes related to metabolism were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress; however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased. The expression levels of sucrose transporter genes in seeds were up-regulated under drought stress during early seed development, but down-regulated in leaves and seeds during the middle and late seed filling stages.Conclusion These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds and activated sucrose metabolism in seeds during early seed development. At the middle and late seed filling stages, sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished, and the balance of sucrose metabolism was impaired in seeds, resulting in seed mass reduction. The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport during different seed development stages may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress.

scholarly journals Effects of individual and combined heat and drought stress during seed filling on the oxidative metabolism and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes differing in heat and drought tolerance

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Awasthi ◽  
Pooran Gaur ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Drought and heat stress are two major constraints that limit chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) yield, particularly during seed filling. The present study aimed (i) to assess the individual and combined effects of drought and heat stress on oxidative metabolism during seed filling, and (ii) to determine any genetic variation in oxidative metabolism among genotypes differing in drought and heat tolerance and sensitivity. The plants were raised in outdoor conditions with two different times of sowing, one in November (normal-sown, temperatures <32°C−20°C (day–night) during seed filling), and the other in February (late-sown, temperatures >32°C−20°C (day–night) during seed filling). Plants were regularly irrigated to prevent any water shortage until the water treatments were applied. At both sowing times, the drought treatment was applied during seed filling (at ~75% podding) by withholding water from half of the pots until the relative leaf water content (RLWC) of leaves on the top three branches reached 42–45%, whereas leaves in the fully irrigated control plants were maintained at RLWC 85–90%. Drought-stressed plants were then rewatered and maintained under fully irrigated conditions until maturity. Several biochemical parameters were measured on the leaves and seeds at the end of the stress treatments, and seed yield and aboveground biomass were measured at maturity. Individual and combined stresses damaged membranes, and decreased PSII function and leaf chlorophyll content, more so under the combined stress treatment. The levels of oxidative molecules (malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2) markedly increased compared with the control plants in all stress treatments, especially across genotypes in the combined heat + drought stress treatment (increases in leaves: MDA 5.4–8.4-fold and H2O2 5.1–7.1-fold; in seeds: MDA 1.9–3.3-fold and H2O2 3.8–7.9-fold). The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants related to oxidative metabolism increased under individual stress treatments but decreased in the combined heat + drought stress treatment. Leaves had higher oxidative damage than seeds, and this likely inhibited their photosynthetic efficiency. Yields were reduced more by drought stress than by heat stress, with the lowest yields in the combined heat + drought stress treatment. Heat- and drought-tolerant genotypes suffered less damage and had higher yields than the heat- and drought-sensitive genotypes under the individual and combined stress treatments, suggesting partial cross-tolerance in these genotypes. A drought-tolerant genotype ICC8950 produced more seed yield under the combined heat + drought stress than other genotypes, and this was associated with low oxidative damage in leaves and seeds.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous melatonin on physiology and yield of soybean during seed filling stage under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Nan ZOU ◽  
Qi YU ◽  
Meng-Xue WANG ◽  
Chun-Yuan REN ◽  
Bin QIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Exogenous Melatonin ◽  
Filling Stage

scholarly journals Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn (Zea Mays) in Drought Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vazin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Research Farm, Islamic Azad University of Gonabad as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and four levels were considered: A) full irrigation, B) stopping irrigation at pollination step, and C) stopping irrigation at the seed filling and four levels of zinc sulfate including 0 and 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% spraying (tassel initiation and grain filling) were as the subplots. The drought stress reduced the thousand kernels weight (TKW) in seed filling stage and the number of seeds per ear in tasseling stage about 11% and 27% less than the one of control treatment, respectively. Zinc increased the thousand kernels weight from 27.3 to 31.3 grams and induced an increase in the number of seeds per ear from 710 to 770. The results obtained within the present research showed that zinc spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KADAR LENGAS TANAH PADA BERBAGAI FASE PERTUMBUHAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KEDELAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Achmad Fatchul Aziez ◽  
Agus Budiyono ◽  
Endang Suprapti ◽  
Ari Kus Wardiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Branches

Soybeans are a very important food requirement in Indonesia, but they often face drought problems. Drought stress causes inefficient nitrogen absorption and makes the stomata close early so photosynthesis is not optimal, resulting in reduced yield. This research was conducted from August 2020 to October 2020 in Demangan village, Sambi sub-district, Boyolali district with polybags in a plastic house. This research method used Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors and repeated 3 times. The first factor was soil moisture content consisting ie. 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of field capacity. The second factor, the growth phase consists of active vegetative, flowering, and seed filling. Observations included the number of branches, number of productive branches, number of trifoliate leaves, the weight of filled pods, and weight of 100 dry seeds. Drought stress reduced the growth and yield of soybean at 25% moisture content in the field capacity of the seed filling phase. The number of branches, the number of productive branches, the number of trifoliate leaves, the weight of filled pods, and the weight of 100 dry seeds decreased with the lowest value.

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