Variation in stomatal conductance responses of cotton cultivars to high vapour pressure deficit under controlled and rainfed environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avat Shekoofa ◽  
Sara Safikhan ◽  
John L. Snider ◽  
Tyson B. Raper ◽  
Freddie M. Bourland
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
High Vapour Pressure

scholarly journals Interactions between water and nitrogen in Australian cropping systems: physiological, agronomic, economic, breeding and modelling perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Sadras ◽  
P. T. Hayman ◽  
D. Rodriguez ◽  
M. Monjardino ◽  
M. Bielich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Vapour Pressure

This paper reviews the interactions between water and nitrogen from physiological, agronomic, economic, breeding and modelling perspectives. Our primary focus is wheat; we consider forage crops, sorghum and legumes where relevant aspects of water–nitrogen interactions have been advanced. From a physiological perspective, we ask: How does nitrogen deficit influence the water economy of the crop? How does water deficit influence the nitrogen economy of the crop? How do combined water and nitrogen deficit affect crop growth and yield? We emphasise synergies, and the nitrogen-driven trade-off between the efficiency in the use of water and nitrogen. The concept of nitrogen–water co-limitation is discussed briefly. From agronomic and economic perspectives, the need to match supply of nitrogen and water is recognised, but this remains a challenge in dryland systems with uncertain rainfall. Under-fertilisation commonly causes gaps between actual and water-limited potential yield. We discuss risk aversion and the role of seasonal rainfall forecasts to manage risk. From a breeding perspective, we ask how selection for yield has changed crop traits relating to water and nitrogen. Changes in nitrogen traits are more common and profound than changes in water-related traits. Comparison of shifts in the wheat phenotype in Australia, UK, Argentina and Italy suggests that improving yield per unit nitrogen uptake is straightforward; it requires selection for yield and allowing grain protein concentration to drift unchecked. A more interesting proposition is to increase nitrogen uptake to match yield gains and conserve protein in grain. Increased stomatal conductance is a conspicuous response to selection for yield which partially conflicts with the perception that reduced conductance at high vapour pressure deficit is required to increase water- use efficiency; but high stomatal conductance at high vapour pressure deficit may be adaptive for thermal stress. From a modelling perspective, water and nitrogen are linked in multiple ways. In crops where water limits growth, reduced biomass reduces nitrogen demand. Reciprocally, nitrogen limitation during crop expansion reduces leaf area index and increases the soil evaporation : transpiration ratio. Water–nitrogen interactions are also captured in the water-driven uptake of nitrogen by mass flow and diffusion and in the water-driven processes of nitrogen in soil (e.g. mineralisation). The paper concludes with suggestions for future research on water-nitrogen interactions.

Gas exchange processes of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) in response to environmental variables

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2684-2691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Grossnickle ◽  
John H. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Chamaecyparis Nootkatensis ◽  
Exchange Processes

Yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) gas exchange processes were measured in response to the following primary environmental variables: photosynthetically active radiation, vapour pressure deficit, root temperature, and soil moisture. Under nonlimiting edaphic conditions, maximum stomatal conductance and maximum CO2 assimilation increased rapidly as photosynthetically active radiation increased from 0 to 200 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 and from 0 to 500 μmol∙m−2∙s−1, respectively. Thereafter, greater photosynthetically active radiation levels only resulted in minor increases in stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation. Maximum stomatal conductance and maximum CO2 assimilation declined in a concave manner as vapour pressure deficit increased from 1 to 5 kPa. Response surface model for stomatal conductance showed vapour pressure deficit was the primary influence after light had caused initial stomatal opening. Response surface modeling approach showed CO2 assimilation increased as photosynthetically active radiation increased, but increased vapour pressure deficit resulted in a suppression of CO2 assimilation. Response surface model showed internal CO2 concentration declined sharply as photosynthetically active radiation increased from 0 to 500 μmol∙m−2∙s−1, but it remained constant with increasing vapour pressure deficit. Decreasing root temperature resulted in a continual decline in CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance from 22 to 1 °C, while internal CO2 concentration declined from 22 to 13 °C with little change between 13 and 1 °C. As predawn shoot water potential decreased from −0.5 to −2.0 MPa, CO2 assimilation declined in a linear manner, while stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration declined in a concave manner. Key words: Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetically active radiation, vapour pressure deficit, root temperature, predawn shoot water potential.

The interpretation of the variations in leaf water potential and stomatal conductance found in canopies in the field

1976 ◽  
Vol 273 (927) ◽  
pp. 593-610 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Scatter Diagram

Attempts to correlate values of stomatal conductance and leaf water potential with particular environmental variables in the field are generally of only limited success because they are simultaneously affected by a number of environmental variables. For example, correlations between leaf water potential and either flux of radiant energy or vapour pressure deficit show a diurnal hysteresis which leads to a scatter diagram if many values are plotted. However, a simple model may be adequate to relate leaf water potential to the flow of water through the plant. The stomatal conductance of illuminated leaves is a function of current levels of temperature, vapour pressure deficit, leaf water potential (really turgor pressure) and ambient CO 2 concentration. Consequently, when plotted against any one of these variables a scatter diagram results. Physiological knowledge of stomatal functioning is not adequate to provide a mechanistic model linking stomatal conductance to all these variables. None the less, the parameters describing the relationships with the variables can be conveniently estimated from field data by a technique of non-linear least squares, for predictive purposes and to describe variations in response from season to season and plant to plant.

High vapour pressure deficit influences growth, transpiration and quality of tomato fruits

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherubino Leonardi ◽  
Soraya Guichard ◽  
Nadia Bertin
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
High Vapour Pressure

Stomatal Responses to Environmental Variables in Shade and Sun Grown Coffee Plants in Mexico

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Fanjul ◽  
R. Arreola-Rodriguez ◽  
M. P. Mendez-Castrejon
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Stomatal Responses ◽  
Coffee Plants

SUMMARYThe influence of air temperature (T), vapour pressure deficit (vpd), irradiance (Q) and leaf water potential (ψ) on diurnal stomatal movement of coffee plants was examined under field and controlled environmental conditions. Leaves of plants grown under shade had larger stomatal conductance (g) values than plants grown in open sun. Stomatal responses to vpd under constant temperature conditions were very strong, indicating that ambient humidity could play a major role in controlling stomatal aperture. Changes in g as vpd increased probably contributed to observed reductions in the rate of net photosynthesis (Pn), though the effect of vpd on Pn was smaller.

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