scholarly journals Conspecific density and environmental complexity impact behaviour of turquoise killifish ( Nothobranchius furzeri )

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1448-1461
Author(s):  
Eli S. J. Thoré ◽  
Luc Brendonck ◽  
Tom Pinceel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Impact Behaviour ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
Nothobranchius Furzeri

Pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) from littoral and limnetic habitats differ in stress responsiveness independent of environmental complexity and presence of conspecifics

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Belanger ◽  
K.S. Peiman ◽  
M.N. Vera-Chang ◽  
T.W. Moon ◽  
S.J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Lepomis Gibbosus ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
Pumpkinseed Sunfish ◽  
Stress Responsiveness ◽  
Site Use ◽  
The Face ◽  
Baseline Values

In the face of a changing world, there has been increasing interest in the behavioural and physiological responses of wild animals to stressors. Many factors can influence stress responsiveness, but two that have not been extensively studied during the stress-induced phase are environmental complexity and the presence of conspecifics. Using wild pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus (L., 1758)) collected from limnetic and littoral sites, we tested whether glucose and cortisol were affected by environmental complexity and the density of conspecifics during the period of maximum response following a standardized air stressor. Overall, environmental complexity and conspecific density did not have a significant effect on maximum stress. However, in the environmental complexity experiment, fish collected from the littoral site had significantly higher concentrations of maximum glucose and cortisol, and tended to have higher glucose and cortisol responsiveness, than limnetic fish. This indicates that although the collection site did not affect a fish’s baseline values, intraspecific variation in site use is associated with divergent sensitivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis to stressors. The importance of capture location on maximal response from stressors represents a potential sampling bias and source of variation, and may be even more pronounced in species that are habitat specialists.

The Emergence and Maintenance of Ethical Leadership in Organizations

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Astrid Eisenbeiß ◽  
Steffen R. Giessner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Analysis Society ◽  
Different Levels

The present paper gives a review of empirical research on ethical leadership and shows that still little is known known about the contextual antecedents of ethical leadership. To address this important issue, a conceptual framework is developed that analyzes the embeddedness of organizational ethical leadership. This framework identifies manifest and latent contextual factors on three different levels of analysis – society, industry, and organization – which can affect the development and maintenance of ethical leadership. In particular, propositions are offered about how (1) societal characteristics, notably the implementation and the spirit of human rights in a society and societal cultural values of responsibility, justice, humanity, and transparency; (2) industry characteristics such as environmental complexity, the content of the organizational mandate, and the interests of stakeholder networks; and (3) intra-organizational characteristics, including the organizational ethical infrastructure and the ethical leadership behavior of a leader’s peer group, influence the development and maintenance of ethical leadership in organizations. This list of factors is not exhaustive, but illustrates how the three levels may impact ethical leadership. Implications for managerial practice and future research are discussed.

Ballistic impact behaviour of some ceramics in different environments

1994 ◽  
Vol 04 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-677-C8-682
Author(s):  
H.-J. Ernst ◽  
K. Hoog ◽  
V. Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Ballistic Impact ◽  
Impact Behaviour

Charpy V-Notch Impact Behaviour of Structural Steels Subjected to Specific Manufacturing Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
Joachim E. Hoffmann ◽  
Mario D. Elicker ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Johann Lambert ◽  
Christoph Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steels ◽  
Impact Behaviour

Charpy V-Notch Impact Behaviour of Structural Steels Subjected to Specific Manufacturing Conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim E. Hoffmann ◽  
Mario D. Elicker ◽  
Helmut Clemens ◽  
Johann Lambert ◽  
Christoph Behr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steels ◽  
Impact Behaviour

Impact behaviour of carbon/polymer composites made by hot pressing moulding. Experimental and comparative study

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Georges Kamgaing Somoh ◽  
Jacques Renard
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Impact Behaviour

scholarly journals Adaptive response to a future life challenge: consequences of early-life environmental complexity in dual-purpose chicks

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yan ◽  
Kate Hartcher ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Jinlong Xiao ◽  
Hai Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Life Challenge ◽  
Environmental Challenge

Abstract Conditions in early life play profound and long-lasting effects on the welfare and adaptability to stress of chickens. This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that the provision of environmental complexity in early life improves birds’ adaptive plasticity and ability to cope with a challenge later in life. It also tried to investigate the effect of the gut-brain axis by measuring behavior, stress hormone, gene expression, and gut microbiota. One-day-old chicks were split into 3 groups: (1) a barren environment (without enrichment items) group (BG, n = 40), (2) a litter materials group (LG, n = 40), and (3) a perches with litter materials group (PLG, n = 40). Then, enrichment items were removed and simulated as an environmental challenge at 31 to 53 d of age. Birds were subjected to a predator test at 42 d of age. In the environmental challenge, when compared with LG, PLG birds were characterized by decreased fearfulness, lower plasma corticosterone, improved gut microbial functions, lower relative mRNA expression of GR, and elevated mRNA expressions of stress-related genes CRH, BDNF, and NR2A in the hypothalamus (all P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the opposite was true for the LG birds when compared with the BG (P < 0.05). Decreased plasma corticosterone and fearfulness were accompanied by altered hypothalamic gene mRNA expressions of BDNF, NR2A, GR, and CRH through the HPA axis in response to altered gut microbial compositions and functions. The findings suggest that gut microbiota may integrate fearfulness, plasma corticosterone, and gene expression in the hypothalamus to provide an insight into the gut-brain axis in chicks. In conclusion, having access to both perches and litter materials in early life allowed birds to cope better with a future challenge. Birds in perches and litter materials environment may have optimal development and adaptive plasticity through the gut-brain axis.

scholarly journals Green Innovation in Environmental Complexity: The Implication of Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene ◽  
Şemsettin Çiğdem ◽  
Aidas Vasilis Vasiliauskas ◽  
Bülent Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Environmental Uncertainty ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Innovation Activities

People have become more conscientious about the environment in recent years. Increasing environmental awareness drives customers to be more selective about environmentally friendly products and forces governments to adopt environmentally friendly policies. As a result, competition in the market becomes more challenging. Thus, companies cannot remain indifferent to adopting environmentally friendly strategies to be sustainable. In this regard, this study investigates the effect of green innovation on firm performance. We also examined whether the environmental uncertainty moderates the investigated effect. For this purpose, first, data were collected from the first 1000 exporting firms declared in 2019 by the Turkey Exporters Assembly using a survey method. Secondly, factor analyses and regression analyses were performed with the data set obtained from 136 companies. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that green innovation increases both environmental performance and economic performance. It also was found that green innovation positively affects firm performance, but environmental uncertainty reduces this effect. According to these results, it was offered that firms should increase their green innovation activities to achieve better outputs and seek ways to reduce environmental uncertainty to keep these outputs at the maximum level. Finally, the research includes some considerations on the positive implications and potential of green innovation in an open-innovation context.

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