Color formation and Maillard reactions during the spray drying process of skim milk and model systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the types of encapsulation materials, that is skimmed milk and Arabic gum on two probiotics Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), including L. plantarum DJ2 and L. plantarum DJ3. The methods of this study were separated into two stages that is probiotic resistance testing during the spray drying process and the viability of LAB after spray drying during storage of probiotic powder for one month at 4oC. Changes in the viability of LAB probiotics before and after the drying process using spray drying were determined by the total plate count. The viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was observed every week for one month of storage at 4oC. The results showed that different encapsulation materials had significant different (P ≤ 0.05) on changes in resistance of probiotics powder during spray drying process. The use of Arabic gum could increase the resistance of probiotics during the spray drying process, meanwhile, the use of skimmed milk was better to be able to maintain the viability of dry probiotic powder both on L.plantarum DJ2 and L.plantarum DJ3 during storage. After four weeks of storage, there was mold and yeast in the skimmed milk and Arabic gum materials. In conclusion, both Arabic gum and skim milk could be used for encapsulation where storage of dry probiotic products is recommended during one month at 4 oC.

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Viability of Bifidobacterium Pseudocatenulatum G4 after Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.4137/mbi.s2728 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. MBI.S2728 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Stephenie Wong ◽

Barka Mohammed Kabeir ◽

Shuhaimi Mustafa ◽

Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽

Anis Shobirin Meor Hussin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Skim Milk ◽

The Other ◽

Outlet Temperature ◽

Residual Moisture Content ◽

Drying Process ◽

Residual Moisture ◽

Heat Adaptation ◽

C 30

Viability of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 following spray-drying and freeze-drying in skim milk was evaluated. After spray-drying, the strain experienced over 99% loss in viability regardless of the air outlet temperature (75 and 85 °C) and the heat-adaptation temperature (45 and 65 °C, 30 min). The use of heat-adaptation treatment to improve the thermotolerance of this strain was ineffective. On the other hand, the strain showed a superior survival at 71.65%–82.07% after freeze-drying. Viable populations of 9.319–9.487 log10 cfu/g were obtained when different combinations of skim milk and sugar were used as cryoprotectant. However, the addition of sugars did not result in increased survival during the freeze-drying process. Hence, 10% (w/v) skim milk alone is recommended as a suitable protectant and drying medium for this strain. The residual moisture content obtained was 4.41% ± 0.44%.

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Survival of Listeria monocytogenes During the Manufacture and Storage of Nonfat Dry Milk

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-48.9.740 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 48 (9) ◽

pp. 740-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽

LOUISE M. MESKE ◽

ELMER H. MARTH

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Outlet Temperature ◽

Drying Process ◽

Dry Milk ◽

Nonfat Dry Milk ◽

And Storage ◽

Moisture Resistant

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to survive in skim milk during spray drying and to persist in nonfat dry milk during storage was examined. Concentrated (30% solids) and unconcentrated skim milks were inoculated with ca. 105 to 106 L. monocytogenes/ml and spray dried (inlet temperature, 165 ± 2°C; outlet temperature 67 ± 2°C) to a moisture content of 3.6 to 6.4%. The nonfat dry milk was packaged in moisture-resistant film and stored at 25°C for up to 16 wk. A reduction of ca. 1 to 1.5 log10 L. monocytogenes/g occurred during the spray drying process, irrespective of whether the milk was concentrated or not before spray drying. The organism progressively died during storage at 25°C, with a >4-log10 CFU/g decrease occurring within 16 wk of storage.

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Solvent-Assisted Secondary Drying of Spray-Dried Polymers

Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.1007/s11095-020-02890-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kimberly B. Shepard ◽

April M. Dower ◽

Alyssa M. Ekdahl ◽

Michael M. Morgen ◽

John M. Baumann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Solid Dispersions ◽

Model Systems ◽

Process Time ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Drying Process ◽

Free Volume Theory ◽

Residual Solvent ◽

Secondary Drying ◽

Spray Dried

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this work is to introduce solvent-assisted secondary drying, a method used to accelerate the residual solvent removal from spray dried materials. Spray-drying is used to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions, which enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with low aqueous solubility. In the spray-drying process, API and excipients are co-dissolved in a volatile organic solvent, atomized into droplets through a nozzle, and introduced to a drying chamber containing heated nitrogen gas. The product dries rapidly to form a powder, but small amounts of residual solvent (typically, 1 to 10 wt%) remain in the product and must be removed in a secondary-drying process. For some spray-dried materials, secondary drying by traditional techniques can take days and requires balancing stability risks with process time. Methods Spray-dried polymers were secondary dried, comparing the results for three state-of-the-art methods that employed a jacketed, agitated-vessel dryer: (1) vacuum-only drying, (2) water-assisted drying, or (3) methanol-assisted drying. Samples of material were pulled at various time points and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and Karl Fischer (KF) titration to track the drying process. Results Model systems were chosen for which secondary drying is slow. For all cases studied, methanol-assisted drying outperformed the vacuum-only and water-assisted drying methods. Conclusions The observation that methanol-assisted drying is more effective than the other drying techniques is consistent with the free-volume theory of solvent diffusion in polymers.

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CFD model-supported design of monodisperse co-current spray dryers

Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium ◽

10.4995/ids2018.2018.7274 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Maciej Jaskulski ◽

Thi Thu Hang Tran ◽

Evangelos Tsotsas

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Temperature Profiles ◽

Thermal Deactivation ◽

Cfd Model ◽

Drying Process ◽

Particle Collisions ◽

Air Velocity ◽

Cfd Simulations ◽

Initial Droplet

In this study the operation of spray drying chambers fitted by the multi-stream monodisperse atomizer was simulated by the previously developed CFD model of skim milk spray drying. A series of CFD simulations of skim milk monodisperse spray drying were performed. The influence of different nozzle positions, initial droplet diameters (180 μm and 167 μm) and the way of air introduction (vertical or swirling with 30° or 60° angle) on the drying process were checked. Parameters like drying air and particle residence time, wall deposition, inter-particle collisions, protein thermal deactivation, air velocity and temperature profiles were compared for each case. Keywords: CFD, spray drying, skim milk, monodisperse atomizers, optimization.

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Fine powder of lipid microparticles – spray drying process development and optimization

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102640 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102640

Author(s):

Eliza Wolska

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Process Development ◽

Fine Powder ◽

Drying Process ◽

Lipid Microparticles

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Optimization of inulin production process parameters using response surface methodology

Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43094-020-00087-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wasim Akram ◽

Navneet Garud

Keyword(s):

Response Surface ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Product Yield ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Process Variables ◽

Drying Process ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Yield Value ◽

Internal Configuration

Abstract Background Chicory is one of the major source of inulin. In our study, Box–Behnken model/response surface analysis (RSM) was used for the optimization of spray drying process variables to get the maximum inulin yield from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). For this investigation, the investigational plan utilized three process variables drying temperature (115–125 °C), creep speed (20–24 rpm), and pressure (0.02–0.04 MPa). Result The optimal variables established by applying the Box–Behnken model were as follows: drying temperature 119.20 °C, creep speed 21.64 rpm, and pressure 0.03 MPa. The obtained powdered inulin by spray drying was investigated for the yield value, identification, size, and surface morphology of the particle. The inulin obtained from the spray drying process consists of a fine molecule-sized white powder. Instead, the drying methods shows a significant effect on the morphology and internal configuration of the powdered inulin, as the inulin obtained from spray drying was of a widespread and uniform size and shape, with a rough surface on increase in temperature and smoother surface while increasing the creep speed. The findings indicate that the spray drying with optimum parameters resulted in maximum product yield. Conclusion The outcomes of the study concluded that the product yield through spray drying technique under optimized condition is optimal as compared to other drying technique. Hence, this technique may be applied at commercial scale for the production of inulin.

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Optimization of the spray-drying process for developing guava powder using response surface methodology

Powder Technology ◽

10.1016/j.powtec.2013.11.033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 253 ◽

pp. 230-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Vaibhav Patil ◽

Anil Kumar Chauhan ◽

Ravi Pratap Singh

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Drying Process

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Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Associated with Spray-Dried Milk

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0022172400000899 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 387-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

P. H. R. Anderson ◽

Doris M. Stone

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Skim Milk ◽

Skim Milk Powder ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Drying Chamber ◽

Spray Dried

SummaryEight explosive outbreaks of food poisoning, occurring in school canteens in England during 1953 and affecting 1190 known cases, are described. The clinical features were characteristic of the toxin type of illness. No deaths occurred.The food causing all of these outbreaks was prepared from spray-dried skim milk powder. It was not subsequently heat-treated and was usually consumed 3–4 hr. after preparation.The spray-dried milk powder proved to contain a high content of bacteria, including large numbers of Staph. aureus, of a phage pattern often associated with food poisoning. The assumption was therefore made that these outbreaks were caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin.Because the food was often consumed within 3–4 hr. of reconstitution of the milk powder—before, in fact, the staphylococci had had time to grow—it is concluded that the poisoning must have been due mainly to pre-formed toxin.Consideration is given to the opportunities for the formation of toxin in a spray-drying plant, and reasons are brought forward for believing that it is formed mainly in the balance tank where the warm milk is kept, sometimes for several hours, before passing into the final drying chamber.The processing of the milk and the precautions for preventing contamination of the finished product are discussed.

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