scholarly journals Solvent-Assisted Secondary Drying of Spray-Dried Polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly B. Shepard ◽  
April M. Dower ◽  
Alyssa M. Ekdahl ◽  
Michael M. Morgen ◽  
John M. Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Free Volume Theory ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Secondary Drying ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this work is to introduce solvent-assisted secondary drying, a method used to accelerate the residual solvent removal from spray dried materials. Spray-drying is used to manufacture amorphous solid dispersions, which enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with low aqueous solubility. In the spray-drying process, API and excipients are co-dissolved in a volatile organic solvent, atomized into droplets through a nozzle, and introduced to a drying chamber containing heated nitrogen gas. The product dries rapidly to form a powder, but small amounts of residual solvent (typically, 1 to 10 wt%) remain in the product and must be removed in a secondary-drying process. For some spray-dried materials, secondary drying by traditional techniques can take days and requires balancing stability risks with process time. Methods Spray-dried polymers were secondary dried, comparing the results for three state-of-the-art methods that employed a jacketed, agitated-vessel dryer: (1) vacuum-only drying, (2) water-assisted drying, or (3) methanol-assisted drying. Samples of material were pulled at various time points and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and Karl Fischer (KF) titration to track the drying process. Results Model systems were chosen for which secondary drying is slow. For all cases studied, methanol-assisted drying outperformed the vacuum-only and water-assisted drying methods. Conclusions The observation that methanol-assisted drying is more effective than the other drying techniques is consistent with the free-volume theory of solvent diffusion in polymers.

scholarly journals Physical Characteristics of Cilostazol–Hydroxybenzoic Acid Cocrystals Prepared Using a Spray Drying Method

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Maho Urano ◽  
Megumi Kitahara ◽  
Kae Kishi ◽  
Eiichi Goto ◽  
Tatsuaki Tagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
As Solubility ◽  
Spray Dried

The cocrystal formation of pharmaceuticals can improve the various physical properties of drugs, such as solubility, without the need for chemical modification of the drug substances. In the present study, we prepared cocrystals of cilostazol and additive coformers (derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acid) using a spray drying method. Based on the preparation of the cocrystals of cilostazol and the coformers as reported previously, the characteristics of the cilostazol cocrystals prepared using solvent evaporation, slurry, and spray drying methods were compared. The physical characterization revealed that the spray drying method successfully produced cilostazol–4-hydroxybenzoic acid and cilostazol–2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid cocrystals, whereas samples of cocrystals of cilostazol and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid produced via the spray drying process appeared to contain coformer polymorphs. The dissolution of cilostazol was improved using the spray-dried cocrystal samples composed of coformers compared to samples prepared using cilostazol alone or a physical mixture. The present results provide useful information regarding the manufacture of cilostazol cocrystals and pharmaceutical cocrystals via spray drying in large-batch production.

scholarly journals Optimization of inulin production process parameters using response surface methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim Akram ◽  
Navneet Garud
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Internal Configuration

Abstract Background Chicory is one of the major source of inulin. In our study, Box–Behnken model/response surface analysis (RSM) was used for the optimization of spray drying process variables to get the maximum inulin yield from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.). For this investigation, the investigational plan utilized three process variables drying temperature (115–125 °C), creep speed (20–24 rpm), and pressure (0.02–0.04 MPa). Result The optimal variables established by applying the Box–Behnken model were as follows: drying temperature 119.20 °C, creep speed 21.64 rpm, and pressure 0.03 MPa. The obtained powdered inulin by spray drying was investigated for the yield value, identification, size, and surface morphology of the particle. The inulin obtained from the spray drying process consists of a fine molecule-sized white powder. Instead, the drying methods shows a significant effect on the morphology and internal configuration of the powdered inulin, as the inulin obtained from spray drying was of a widespread and uniform size and shape, with a rough surface on increase in temperature and smoother surface while increasing the creep speed. The findings indicate that the spray drying with optimum parameters resulted in maximum product yield. Conclusion The outcomes of the study concluded that the product yield through spray drying technique under optimized condition is optimal as compared to other drying technique. Hence, this technique may be applied at commercial scale for the production of inulin.

scholarly journals Freeze versus Spray Drying for Dry Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) Extract Formulations: The Impact of Gelatin as a Coating Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Jovanović ◽  
Steva M. Lević ◽  
Vladimir B. Pavlovic ◽  
Smilja B. Markovic ◽  
Rada V. Pjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wild Thyme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

Freeze drying was compared with spray drying regarding feasibility to process wild thyme drug in order to obtain dry formulations at laboratory scale starting from liquid extracts produced by different extraction methods: maceration, heat-, ultrasound-, and microwave-assisted extractions. Higher powder yield (based on the dry weight prior to extraction) was achieved by freeze than spray drying and lower loss of total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) due to the drying process. Gelatin as a coating agent (5% w/w) provided better TPC recovery by 70% in case of lyophilization and higher powder yield in case of spray drying by diminishing material deposition on the wall of the drying chamber. The resulting gelatin-free and gelatin-containing powders carried polyphenols in amount ~190 and 53-75 mg gallic acid equivalents GAE/g of powder, respectively. Microwave-assisted extract formulation distinguished from others by higher content of polyphenols, proteins and sugars, higher bulk density and lower solubility. The type of the drying process affected mainly position of the gelatin-derived -OH and amide bands in FTIR spectra. Spray dried formulations compared to freeze dried expressed higher thermal stability as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis and higher diffusion coefficient; the last feature can be associated with the lower specific surface area of irregularly shaped freeze-dried particles (151-223 µm) compared to small microspheres (~8 µm) in spray-dried powder.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Novel Miniaturized Screening Device with Büchi B290 Mini Spray-Dryer for the Development of Spray-Dried Solid Dispersions (SDSDs)

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymeric Ousset ◽  
Joke Meeus ◽  
Florent Robin ◽  
Martin Schubert ◽  
Pascal Somville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Screening Device ◽  
Spray Dried

Spray-drying is an increasingly popular technology for the production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) in the pharmaceutical industry that is used in the early evaluation and industrial production of formulations. Efficient screening of ASD in the earliest phase of drug development is therefore critical. A novel miniaturized atomization equipment for screening spray-dried solid dispersions (SDSDs) in early formulation and process development was developed. An in-depth comparison between the equipment/process parameters and performance of our novel screening device and a laboratory Büchi B290 mini spray-dryer was performed. Equipment qualification was conducted by comparing the particle/powder attributes, i.e., miscibility/solid state, residual solvent, and morphological properties of binary SDSDs of itraconazole prepared at both screening and laboratory scales. The operating mode of the miniaturized device was able to reproduce similar process conditions/parameters (e.g., outlet temperature (Tout)) and to provide particles with similar drug–polymer miscibility and morphology as laboratory-scale SDSDs. These findings confirm that the design and operation of this novel screening equipment mimic the microscale evaporation mechanism of a larger spray-dryer. The miniaturized spray-dryer was therefore able to provide a rational prediction of adequate polymer and drug loading (DL) for SDSD development while reducing active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) consumption by a factor of 120 and cycle time by a factor of 4.

scholarly journals SPRAY DRYING APPROACH IN PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID DISPERSION OF EPROSARTAN MESYLATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2929-2932
Author(s):  
Sachin N Kothawade
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dispersion Systems ◽  
Physicochemical Features

Spray drying methods were used to make solid dispersions of the medication Eprosartan Mesylate, which is poorly water-soluble. X-ray Powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the products' physicochemical features as well as drug-polymer interactions. Eprosartan Mesylate was shown to be dispersed amorphously in both solid dispersion systems, with a drug to polymer weight ratio of 1:4.The drug and polymer created hydrogen bonds, according to the spectrum data. Both techniques utilized in this investigation enhanced Eprosartan Mesylate solubility. Solid dispersions, on the other hand, performed significantly better, dissolving completely in 5 minutes and at a rate that was about 20 times faster than API within the first 15 minutes. Spray drying is a good way to boost the bioavailability of drugs that are poor water solubility.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HPMC AND HPMCAS BASED SOLID DISPERSIONS OF FENOFIBRATE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Rampal ◽  
Manmeet Singh ◽  
Shanta Mahajan ◽  
Neena Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Pure Drug ◽  
Physical Mixtures ◽  
Spray Dried

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of novel polymeric carriers and to develop solid dispersion formulation that could improve in vitro profile of Fenofibrate (FB). Methods: Spray drying technique was used to fabricate solid dispersions with hydrophilic carriers, mainly hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). Solid dispersions in the form of spray-dried powder were characterized with respect to the pure drug and the corresponding physical mixtures by optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Size and morphology of optimized solid dispersion were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, in vitro dissolution comparisons were carried out between the optimized solid dispersion against the pure drug and the physical mixtures. Results: Solubility studies demonstrated that the solubility of FB was not affected by pH change. The transformation of crystalline FB into an amorphous solid dispersion powder has been clearly demonstrated by optical microscopy. The molecular dispersion of drug in the dispersion matrix prepared by spray drying was confirmed in XRD and DSC studies. IR spectroscopy was observed with negligible incompatibility of the drug with polymers. Spherical morphology was observed in SEM with no evidence of FB crystals. The prepared solid dispersions exhibited dissolution improvement as compared to the pure drug and spray dried FB in 0.05 M SLS, with HPMCAS as the superior carrier over HPMC. Conclusion: The present study vouches better in vitro profile of FB from spray-dried HPMCAS based solid dispersions.

On The Fabrication and Properties of a Ceramic Cladded Aluminium Powder Using the Spray Drying Process

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Comas ◽  
C. Mateus ◽  
B. Hansz ◽  
C. Coddet
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma Spraying ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Aluminium Powder ◽  
New Family ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A new family of spherical powders produced by the spray drying route has been developed. This paper describes as an example the manufacturing method of an Y203-coated aluminum powder. Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) was used to test the corresponding coatings. Morphology and phases of powders and coatings were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy while the level of porosity was evaluated using image analysis. Results show that homogenous composite coatings can be obtained from cladded spray dried powders.

scholarly journals Microspherical Particles of Solid Dispersion of Polyvinylpyrrolidone K29-32 for Inhalation Administration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Usmanova ◽  
M. A. Ziganshin ◽  
I. T. Rakipov ◽  
N. M. Lyadov ◽  
A. E. Klimovitskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Inhalation Administration

Inhalation administration is a promising alternative to the invasive drug delivery methods. The particle size required for ideal drug aerosol preparation is between 1 and 3 μm. The application of microspherical particles of solid dispersions enhances bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs due to the solubilization. In the present work, the spray drying process of the production of microspherical particles of solid dispersions of polyvinylpyrrolidone K29-32 with model hydrophobic drug, phenacetin, was optimized using the results of DSC, PXRD, and viscometry. The diameter of the obtained particles is within 1–3 μm range. The Gibbs energy of dissolution in water was shown to be negative for the mixture with polymer/phenacetin mass ratio 5 : 1. We have demonstrated that the optimal size distribution for the inhalation administration is obtained for microspherical particles produced using spray caps with 7.0 μm hole size. The dissolution rates of phenacetin from the produced microspherical particles were faster than that of drug powder. As evidenced by powder X-ray diffraction data, phenacetin stayed in amorphous state for 4 months in microspherical particles of solid dispersions. According to the obtained results, strategic application of the spray drying process could be beneficial for the improvement of the pharmaceutical properties of model drug, phenacetin.

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