Subcritical solvent extraction of total anthocyanins from dried purple waxy corn: Influence of process conditions

Abstract The objective of this work was to optimize the spray drying of jussara pulp using mixtures of modified starch (MS) with whey protein concentrate (WPC) or soy protein isolate (SPI) as the carrier agents. Two central composite rotatable designs were used to evaluate the effect of the independent variables of inlet air temperature (140 °C to 200 °C), carrier agent concentration - CAC (0.5 to 2 g carrier agent/g jussara pulp solids) and the proportions of MS:WPC or MS:SPI (5 to 30 g WPC or SPI/100 g carrier agent) on the following responses for powders formulated with MS:WPC and MS:SPI, respectively: moisture content (0.3% to 1.4% and 0.6% to 1.2%), solubility (78.0% to 92.9% and 78.9% to 83.8%), retention of total anthocyanins (49.2% to 82.9% and 34.1% to 96.9%), encapsulation efficiency (98.5% to 99.7% and 98.5% to 99.5%), hue angle (9.1 to 44.0 and 3.7 to 42.6), chroma (10.0 to 15.3 and 9.2 to 14.3) and process yield (33.2% to 55.5% and 49.9% to 78.5%). The inlet air temperature 170 °C, CAC of 1.25 and 2 g/g jussara pulp solids and proportion of MS:WPC or MS:SPI of 17.5 and 30 g/100 g were recommended as the selected conditions.

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Determination of optimum process conditions for the separation of thorium and rare earth elements by solvent extraction

Hydrometallurgy ◽

10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.12.014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (3-4) ◽

pp. 141-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

M. Eskandari Nasab ◽

A. Sam ◽

S.A. Milani

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Solvent Extraction ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Process Conditions

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Purification of Sulphate Leach Liquor of Spent Raneynickel Catalyst Containing Al and Ni by Solvent Extraction with Organophosphorus-Based Extractants

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/286494 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Satunuri Venkateswar Rao ◽

Dong Hyo Yang ◽

Jeong Soo Sohn ◽

Soo-Kyung Kim

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Leach Liquor ◽

Phase Ratio ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Extractant Concentration ◽

Ph Values ◽

Cyanex 272 ◽

Organophosphorus Extractants ◽

O Phase

Solvent extraction (SX) separation of Al from Ni sulphate leach liquor (LL) of spent Raneynickel catalyst containing 0.12 M Al and 1.448 M Ni using organophosphorus extractants has been investigated. Optimization of process conditions includes aqueous pH, extractant concentration, phase ratio, and stripping. Comparison of Al extraction efficiency with 0.45 M extractant concentration for TOPS 99, PC 88 A, and Cyanex 272 at an equilibrium pH of 2.23 was 81.8%, 98.6%, and 75%, respectively. The corresponding coextraction of Ni was 0.65, 0.6, and 0.9. Among the three extractants screened, PC 88A showed better extraction efficiency for Al at lower pH values than the others. Using 0.45 M PC 88 A, extraction isotherm was obtained at an aqueous-to-organic (A : O) phase ratio of 1 : 1–3 and O : A ratio of 1 : 1–5, which predicted possible separation of Al in 2 stages at A/O ratio of 2. Quantitative stripping was achieved by H2SO4.

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Determination of optimum process conditions for the extraction and separation of zirconium and hafnium by solvent extraction

Hydrometallurgy ◽

10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.10.002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 90 (2-4) ◽

pp. 115-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

M. Taghizadeh ◽

R. Ghasemzadeh ◽

S.N Ashrafizadeh ◽

K. Saberyan ◽

M. Ghanadi Maragheh

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Optimum Process ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Extraction And Separation

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Solvent extraction behaviour of some fission product elements with N,N-dihexyl octanamide and tri-n-butyl phosphate under simulated PUREX process conditions

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1524/ract.2006.94.6.325 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 94 (6-7) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

P. G. Kulkarni ◽

K. K. Gupta ◽

P. B. Gurba ◽

P. Janardan ◽

R. D. Changrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Fission Product ◽

Purex Process ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Extraction Behaviour

SummaryExtraction behaviour of some fission product contaminants like Zr(IV), RuNO(III), La(III), Ce(III) and Nd(III) with 1.1 M solutions of

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DEHBA (di-2-ethylhexylbutyramide) gamma radiolysis under spent nuclear fuel solvent extraction process conditions

Radiation Physics and Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108608 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 170 ◽

pp. 108608 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregory P. Horne ◽

Stephen P. Mezyk ◽

Bruce J. Mincher ◽

Christopher A. Zarzana ◽

Cathy Rae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Nuclear Fuel ◽

Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Gamma Radiolysis

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Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100131449 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1362-1363

Author(s):

V. C. Kannan ◽

A. K. Singh ◽

R. B. Irwin ◽

S. Chittipeddi ◽

F. D. Nkansah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hexagonal Phase ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Electron Microscopy Study ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Tin Films ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fcc Phase ◽

Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

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