process yield
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2022 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Anders E.W. Jarfors ◽  
An Dong Di ◽  
Ge Gang Yu ◽  
Jin Chuan Zheng ◽  
Kai Kun Wang ◽  
...  

Sustainable development is increasing in importance with restrictions on emission and carbon footprint. Similarly, both energy and resources efficiency are required, and at the same time, cost-efficiency is required. The current paper is focusing on carbon footprint, energy usage and material use efficiency of semisolid metal casting. A detailed analysis is made on the RheoMetal process, which is benchmarked to conventional HPDC casting. The analysis includes the gating system and the importance of the use of primary or secondary material. It furthermore includes a discussion of process yield and benefits based on process capability.


2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. S. Silva ◽  
T. A. Silva ◽  
J. A. F. Silva ◽  
L. D. A. Costa ◽  
M. L. E. Leal ◽  
...  

Abstract The viscera and other residues from fish processing are commonly discarded by the fishing industry. These by-products can be a source of digestive enzymes with industrial and biotechnological potential. In this study, we aimed at the extraction, characterization, and application of acidic proteases from the stomach of Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier, 1833). A crude extract from the stomachs was obtained and submitted to a partial purification process by salting-out, which obtained a Purified Extract (PE) with a specific proteolytic activity of 54.0 U⋅mg-1. A purification of 1.9 fold and a yield of 41% were obtained. The PE presents two isoforms of acidic proteases and a maximum proteolytic activity at 45 °C and pH 2.0. The PE acidic proteolytic activity was stable in the pH range of 1.5 to 7.0 and temperature from 25 °C to 50 °C. Purified Extract kept 35% of its proteolytic activity at the presence of NaCl 15% (m/v) but was totally inhibited by pepstatin A. Purified Extract aspartic proteases presented high activity in the presence of heavy metals such as Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Al3+, and Cu2+. The utilization of PE as an enzymatic addictive in the collagen extraction from Nile tilapia scales has doubled the process yield. The results indicate the potential of these aspartic proteases for industrial and biotechnological applications.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11762
Author(s):  
Taekyung Ha ◽  
Hyunjung Shin

In semiconductor manufacturing, fault detection is an important method for monitoring equipment condition and examining the potential causes of a fault. Vacuum leakage is considered one of the major faults that can occur in semiconductor processing. An unnecessary O2 and N2 mixture, a major component of the atmosphere, creates unexpected process results and hence drops in yield. Vacuum leak detection systems that are currently available in the vacuum industry are based on helium mass spectrometers. They are used for detecting the vacuum leakage at the sole isolation condition where the chamber is fully pumped but cannot be used for in situ detection while the process is ongoing in the chamber. In this article, a chamber vacuum leak detection method named Index Regression and Correction (IRC) is presented, utilizing common data which were gathered during normal chamber operation. This method was developed by analyzing a simple list of data, such as pressure, the temperature of the chamber body, and the position of the auto pressure control (APC), to detect any leakages in the vacuum chamber. The proposed method was experimentally verified and the results showed a high accuracy of up to 97% when a vacuum leak was initiated in the chamber. The proposed method is expected to improve the process yield of the chamber by detecting even small vacuum leakages at very early stages of the process.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7364
Author(s):  
Dario Schiavon ◽  
Robert Mroczyński ◽  
Anna Kafar ◽  
Grzegorz Kamler ◽  
Iryna Levchenko ◽  
...  

Gallium nitride (GaN) doped with germanium at a level of 1020 cm−3 is proposed as a viable material for cladding layers in blue- and green-emitting laser diodes. Spectral reflectometry and ellipsometry are used to provide evidence of a reduced index of refraction in such layers. The refractive-index contrast to undoped GaN is about 0.990, which is comparable to undoped aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) with an aluminium composition of 6%. Germanium-doped GaN layers are lattice-matched to native GaN substrates; therefore, they introduce no strain, cracks, and wafer bowing. Their use, in place of strained AlGaN layers, will enable significant improvements to the production process yield.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11262
Author(s):  
Chun-Min Yu ◽  
Chih-Feng Wu ◽  
Kuen-Suan Chen ◽  
Chang-Hsien Hsu

Many studies have pointed out that the-smaller-the-better quality characteristics (QC) can be found in many important components of machine tools, such as roundness, verticality, and surface roughness of axes, bearings, and gears. This paper applied a process quality index that is capable of measuring the level of process quality. Meanwhile, a model of fuzzy quality evaluation was developed by the process quality index as having a one-to-one mathematical relationship with the process yield. In addition to assessing the level of process quality, the model can also be employed as a basis for determining whether to improve the process quality at the same time. This model can cope with the problem of small sample sizes arising from the need for enterprises’ quick response, which means that the accuracy of the evaluation can still be maintained in the case of small sample sizes. Moreover, this fuzzy quality evaluation model is built on the confidence interval, enabling a decline in the probability of misjudgment incurred by sampling errors.


Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dąbrowska ◽  
Agata Sommer ◽  
Izabela Sinkiewicz ◽  
Antoni Taraszkiewicz ◽  
Hanna Staroszczyk

AbstractFeathers, burdensome waste from the poultry industry, can be a cheap source of keratin, a protein with excellent physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties. Acid and alkaline hydrolyses are usually adopted for isolation of keratin from its natural resources. This study aimed at assessing the statistically significant effect of input variables in the alkaline hydrolysis of keratin from chicken feathers on the process yield and on the molecular weight of peptides obtained. The effect of the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers’ mass, the hydrolysis time, and the shaking speed of the reaction mixture on the process yield were analyzed. The use of statistical analysis at the design step of experiment allowed reducing the trial number from 27 to 9. Among the input variables analyzed, only the volume ratio of 1M NaOH to the feathers’ mass had a significant effect on the process yield, while none of them significantly affected the molecular weight of the peptides obtained. All hydrolysates were dominated by two peptides’ fractions, with molecular weights of ca. 130 and 250 kDa, and mixture of many peptides of weight close to 10 kDa and smaller. Alkaline hydrolysis of feather keratin yielded protein hydrolysates soluble over a wide pH range.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukkarin Srivi ◽  
Panatpong Boonnoun ◽  
Tongchai Saesong ◽  
Chitaporn Pingyoda ◽  
Nattiya Chaichamnong ◽  
...  

Abstract Eulophia macrobulbon (E.C.Parish & Rchb.f.) Hook.f. contains a natural PDE5A1 inhibitor, the phenanthrene, 1-(4'-hydroxybenzyl)-4,8- dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol (HDP) a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction. This investigation aimed to improve extraction efficiency of HDP from E. macrobulbon by using greener extraction methodology, subcritical fluid dimethyl ether extraction (sDME) rather than classical solvent extraction (CSE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The efficiency and quality of obtained extracts were evaluated by: %process yield; solvent amount; extraction period; temperature; %HDP content by LC-MS assay, bioactivity as inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1) by radio-enzymatic assay; and chemical profiles by LC-QTOF-MS analysis. sDME yielded the highest content of HDP in the extract at 4.47%, much higher than using ethanol (0.4-0.5%), ethyl acetate (1.2-1.7%), or dichloromethane (0.7-1.4%). Process yield for sDME (1.5-2.7%) was similar or less than that observed with other solvents (0.9-17%), but providing that process yield is not prohibitively low, concentration is a more important metric for clinical application. Optimal sDME extraction conditions were: extraction period, 40 mins; 200% water as a cosolvent; sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:8; temperature, 35°C. Phenanthrene aglycone and glycoside derivatives were major constituents in sDME extracts and lesser amounts of phenolic compounds and sugars. Inhibition of PDE5A1 by sDME (IC50 0.67±0.22 µg/mL) was 10-fold more potent than the ethanolic extract and other extraction methods, suggesting a high likelihood of clinical efficacy. Thus, sDME was more efficient, faster, solvent-sparing, greener extraction methodology and more selective for phenanthrene when extracted from E. macrobulbon.


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