Integrating vehicle‐to‐grid technology into energy system models: Novel methods and their impact on greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongfei Wang ◽  
Patrick Jochem ◽  
Hasan Ümitcan Yilmaz ◽  
Lei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Grid Technology ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
System Models ◽  
Novel Methods

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND ENERGY TRANSITION IN PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950006
Author(s):  
ARSHAD RAZA ◽  
RAOOF GHOLAMI ◽  
MINOU RABIEI ◽  
VAMEGH RASOULI ◽  
REZA REZAEE
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Pakistan is ranked in the 7th position among the affected countries by climate changes. Although many studies have been done on the impacts of climate change in Pakistan, little attention has been given to the need for an energy transition and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in this country. This study highlights the needs of the national energy transition in Pakistan to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Considering the fact that natural gas has lower greenhouse gas emission than coal or oil, Pakistan needs to shift its energy system towards natural gas in the near future. Meanwhile, Pakistan government should take key measures and revise energy policies to support such energy transition by making large gas discoveries, increasing energy conversion systems, and implementing renewable and sustainable energies.

scholarly journals Indicators for the optimization of sustainable urban energy systems based on energy system modeling

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Klemm ◽  
Frauke Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Absolute Energy ◽  
Final Energy Demand

Abstract Background Urban energy systems are responsible for 75% of the world’s energy consumption and for 70% of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. Energy system models are used to optimize, benchmark and compare such energy systems with the help of energy sustainability indicators. We discuss several indicators for their basic suitability and their response to changing boundary conditions, system structures and reference values. The most suitable parameters are applied to four different supply scenarios of a real-world urban energy system. Results There is a number of energy sustainability indicators, but not all of them are suitable for the use in urban energy system optimization models. Shortcomings originate from the omission of upstream energy supply chains (secondary energy efficiency), from limited capabilities to compare small energy systems (energy productivity), from excessive accounting expense (regeneration rate), from unsuitable accounting methods (primary energy efficiency), from a questionable impact of some indicators on the overall system sustainability (self-sufficiency), from the lack of detailed information content (share of renewables), and more. On the other hand, indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, energy costs, and final energy demand are well suitable for the use in optimization models. However, each of these indicators only represents partial aspects of energy sustainability; the use of only one indicator in the optimization process increases the risk that other important aspects will deteriorate significantly, eventually leading to suboptimal or even unrealistic scenarios in practice. Therefore, multi-criteria approaches should be used to enable a more holistic optimization and planning of sustainable urban energy systems. Conclusion We recommend multi-criteria optimization approaches using the indicators of absolute greenhouse gas emissions, absolute energy costs, and absolute energy demand. For benchmarking and comparison purposes, specific indicators should be used and therefore related to the final energy demand, respectively, the number of inhabitants. Our example scenarios demonstrate modeling strategies to optimize sustainability of urban energy systems.

scholarly journals Realising transition pathways for a more electric, low-carbon energy system in the United Kingdom: Challenges, insights and opportunities

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Chilvers ◽  
Timothy J Foxon ◽  
Stuart Galloway ◽  
Geoffrey P Hammond ◽  
David Infield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Transition Pathways ◽  
Demand Side Response

The United Kingdom has placed itself on a transition towards a low-carbon economy and society, through the imposition of a legally-binding goal aimed at reducing its ‘greenhouse gas’ emissions by 80% by 2050 against a 1990 baseline. A set of three low-carbon, socio-technical transition pathways were developed and analysed via an innovative collaboration between engineers, social scientists and policy analysts. The pathways focus on the power sector, including the potential for increasing use of low-carbon electricity for heating and transport, within the context of critical European Union developments and policies. Their development started from narrative storylines regarding different governance framings, drawing on interviews and workshops with stakeholders and analysis of historical analogies. The quantified UK pathways were named Market Rules, Central Co-ordination and Thousand Flowers; each reflecting a dominant logic of governance arrangements. The aim of the present contribution was to use these pathways to explore what is needed to realise a transition that successfully addresses the so-called energy policy ‘ trilemma,’ i.e. the simultaneous delivery of low carbon, secure and affordable energy services. Analytical tools were developed and applied to assess the technical feasibility, social acceptability, and environmental and economic impacts of the pathways. Technological and behavioural developments were examined, alongside appropriate governance structures and regulations for these low-carbon transition pathways, as well as the roles of key energy system ‘actors’ (both large and small). An assessment of the part that could possibly be played by future demand side response was also undertaken in order to understand the factors that drive energy demand and energy-using behaviour, and reflecting growing interest in demand side response for balancing a system with high proportions of renewable generation. A set of interacting and complementary engineering and techno-economic models or tools were then employed to analyse electricity network infrastructure investment and operational decisions to assist market design and option evaluation. This provided a basis for integrating the analysis within a whole systems framework of electricity system development, together with the evaluation of future economic benefits, costs and uncertainties. Finally, the energy and environmental performance of the different energy mixes were appraised on a ‘life-cycle’ basis to determine the greenhouse gas emissions and other ecological or health burdens associated with each of the three transition pathways. Here, the challenges, insights and opportunities that have been identified over the transition towards a low-carbon future in the United Kingdom are described with the purpose of providing a valuable evidence base for developers, policy makers and other stakeholders.

scholarly journals CONCEPT OF EFFICIENT REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN UKRAINE’S ENERGY SECTOR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Oleksandr SERDIUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Economic Point

Ukraine’s energy system, namely the sector of thermal energy, is the country’s largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions nowadays. Given the significant contribution of Ukraine’s energy sector to the nationwide producing greenhouse gas emissions, the need for its restructuring is becoming increasingly obvious from an economic point of view. However, the lack of economic incentives for private parties and the limited financial capacity of the public sector hamper the implementation of appropriate measures. Given that the natural economic incentives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the private sector in the energy sector (80% of the thermal energy sector belongs to the private sector) can only arise in the event of a change in the energy market situation, this raises the question of how to effectively use the limited financial resources of the state for such needs. In view of this, the concept of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine’s energy sector is developed, which should be implemented in three stages: (i) the optimization of electricity generation at the TPPs by bringing the load to the maximum and relatively efficient levels, at which the largest amount of energy will be generated per unit of greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) clustering of TPPs into two groups by the performance indicators of operation: the identifying relatively efficient TPPs to be modernized; (iii) ranking of relatively inefficient TPPs by priority for replacement with renewable energy sources. To identify the enterprises in relation to which the proposed measures should be applied, the software is developed, which will determine the relevant information by analyzing the data characterizing the activity of enterprises.

scholarly journals Exploring the Long-Term Development of the Ukrainian Energy System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7731
Author(s):  
Stefan N. Petrović ◽  
Oleksandr Diachuk ◽  
Roman Podolets ◽  
Andrii Semeniuk ◽  
Fabian Bühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Times

This study analyses the Ukrainian energy system in the context of the Paris Agreement and the need for the world to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. Despite ~84% of greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine being energy- and process-related, there is very limited academic literature analysing long-term development of the Ukrainian energy system. This study utilises the TIMES-Ukraine model of the whole Ukrainian energy system to address this knowledge gap and to analyse how the energy system may develop until 2050, taking into current and future policies. The results show the development of the Ukrainian energy system based on energy efficiency improvements, electrification and renewable energy. The share of renewables in electricity production is predicted to reach between 45% and 57% in 2050 in the main scenarios with moderate emission reduction ambitions and ~80% in the ambitious alternative scenarios. The cost-optimal solution includes reduction of space heating demand in buildings by 20% in frozen policy and 70% in other scenarios, while electrification of industries leads to reductions in energy intensity of 26–36% in all scenarios except frozen policy. Energy efficiency improvements and emission reductions in the transport sector are achieved through increased use of electricity from 2020 in all scenarios except frozen policy, reaching 40–51% in 2050. The stated policies present a cost-efficient alternative for keeping Ukraine’s greenhouse gas emissions at today’s level.

Reliable cost-efficient distributed energy systems with a high renewable penetration: a techno-economic case study for remote off-grid regional coal seam gas extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Joachim Bamberger ◽  
Ti-Chiun Chang ◽  
Brian Mason ◽  
Amer Mesanovic ◽  
Ulrich Münz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

As our energy systems evolve with the adoption of more variable renewable energy resources, so will our oil and gas industry play a pivotal role in what is expected to be a lengthy transitional phase to a greater mix of renewables with a reliance on fast, reliable gas peaking power generation, which have lower greenhouse gas emissions, and short delivery periods to construct. Oil and gas companies are also rapidly moving towards becoming integrated energy companies supplying a mix of gas, oil, photovoltaic power, wind power and hydrogen, coupling these into the electrical and gas grids. We discuss some of the components and tasks of a distributed energy system in its various system guises that contribute to a more cost effective, reliable and resilient energy system with lower greenhouse gas emissions. We discuss the role that hydrogen will play in the future as oil and gas companies explore alternatives to fossil fuels to address their need to reduce their carbon footprint, substituting or supplementing their conventional gas supply with renewably produced hydrogen. We talk about how Australia with its excellent renewable resources and the opportunity to potentially develop a new industry around the production of renewable fuels, power-to-X, such as hydrogen, with the potential for the oil and gas industry to leverage its existing assets (i.e. gas pipelines) and future embedded renewable assets to produce hydrogen through electrolysis with the intention of supplementing their liquefied natural gas exports with a portion of renewably produced hydrogen.

Allocation of biomass resources for minimising energy system greenhouse gas emissions

Energy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Scott Bentsen ◽  
Michael W. Jack ◽  
Claus Felby ◽  
Bo Jellesmark Thorsen
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Biomass Resources
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