Normal structure and pathological features in peripheral neuropathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Hoke ◽  
Federica Cerri ◽  
Aysel Fisgin ◽  
Nilo Riva ◽  
Angelo Quattrini
Keyword(s):  
Normal Structure ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathies

The microtubule associated protein (MAP) tau forms a new class of triple-stranded left-hand helical fibrous protein polymer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 540-541
Author(s):  
G. C. Ruben ◽  
K. Iqbal ◽  
I. Grundke-Iqbal ◽  
H. Wisniewski ◽  
T. L. Ciardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Ratio ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
New Class ◽  
Protein Polymer ◽  
Fibrous Protein ◽  
Protein Map ◽  
Neurotransmitter Transport ◽  
Alzheimer Neurofibrillary Tangles

In neurons, the microtubule associated protein, tau, is found in the axons. Tau stabilizes the microtubules required for neurotransmitter transport to the axonal terminal. Since tau has been found in both Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and in paired helical filaments (PHF), the study of tau's normal structure had to preceed TEM studies of NFT and PHF. The structure of tau was first studied by ultracentrifugation. This work suggested that it was a rod shaped molecule with an axial ratio of 20:1. More recently, paraciystals of phosphorylated and nonphosphoiylated tau have been reported. Phosphorylated tau was 90-95 nm in length and 3-6 nm in diameter where as nonphosphorylated tau was 69-75 nm in length. A shorter length of 30 nm was reported for undamaged tau indicating that it is an extremely flexible molecule. Tau was also studied in relation to microtubules, and its length was found to be 56.1±14.1 nm.

471: Do Mul Tifocal Prostate Cancers have Worst Pathological Features than Unifocal Cancers?

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Nicolas B. Delongchamps ◽  
Vishal Chandan ◽  
Richard Jones ◽  
Gregory Threatte ◽  
Mary Jumbelic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Features ◽  
Prostate Cancers

Cannabis-associated arteritis

VASA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grotenhermen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Clinical And Pathological Features

Background: To investigate the hypothesis that cases of arteritis similar to thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) and associated with the use of cannabis were caused by cannabis or THC (dronabinol), or that cannabis use is a co-factor of TAO. Patients and methods: A systematic review on case reports and the literature on so-called cannabis arteritis, TAO, and cardiovascular effects of cannabinoids was conducted. Results: Fifteen reports with 57 cases of an arteritis associated with the use of cannabis and two additional case series of TAO, in which some patients also used cannabis, were identified. Clinical and pathological features of cannabis-associated arteritis do not differ from TAO and the major risk factor of TAO, tobacco use, was present in most, if not in all of these cases. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms for the development of an arteritis by cannabis use are not substantiated. Conclusions: The hypothesis of cannabis being a causative factor or co-factor of TAO or an arteritis similar to TAO is not supported by the available evidence. The use of the term “cannabis arteritis” should be avoided until or unless more convincing scientific support is forthcoming.

Pathological features of the Florida manatee cold stress syndrome

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Bossart ◽  
René A. Meisner ◽  
S. A. Rommel ◽  
Shin-Je Ghim ◽  
A. Bennett Jenson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Florida Manatee ◽  
Stress Syndrome

TUMOUR PATHOLOGY PREDICTS MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY IN A POPULATION-BASED SERIES OF COLORECTAL CANCER CASES

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
A J Hyde ◽  
D Fontaine ◽  
R C Green ◽  
M Simms ◽  
P S Parfrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Dna Mismatch ◽  
Bethesda Guidelines ◽  
Revised Bethesda Guidelines

Background: Lynch Syndrome is an autosomal dominant trait that accounts forapproximately 3% of all cases of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes, most commonly MLH1 or MSH2. These MMR defects cause high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in the tumours. MSI testing of all CRCs to identify potential Lynch Syndrome cases is not practical, so the Bethesda Guidelines, which use clinical and pathological features, were created to identify those tumours most likely to be MSI-H^1. In 2007 Jenkins et. al. created MsPath, a tool based on the pathological features described in the rarely used 3^rd Bethesda criterion, to improve prediction of MSI-H tumours among CRC cases diagnosed before age 60 years^2. Methods: We collected a population-based cohort of 716 CRC cases diagnosed before age 75 years in Newfoundland. For each of these cases we collected family history, performed MSI analysis, and scored a number of pathological features for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy of the Bethesda Criteria and MsPath at predicting MSI-H tumours. Results: Our work validates the MsPath tool in the Newfoundland population for the same age group used to create the tool. We found it identified MSI-H cases with a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 35% in our population of CRCcases diagnosed before age 60 years (n=290). We also tested this tool on our older population of CRCcases, diagnosed at ages 60 to 74 years (n=426). We found it to be at least as predictive in this population,with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 42%. We then used our entire cohort (N=716) to compare MsPath with the other Bethesda criteria.Bethesda criteria 1, 2, 4 and 5 together predicted MSI-H cases with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 51%. MsPath was better at identifying these cases, with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 39%. Conclusions: We conclude that MsPath can be extended to include patients diagnosed with CRC before age 75 years. As well, we have found that MsPath is a better predictive tool than the Revised Bethesda Guidelines for identifying MSI-H cases within a population-based setting of colorectal cancer. References: 1. Umar, A. et. al. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:261-8 2.Jenkins, M.A. et. al. Gastroenterology 2007;133:48-56

Correction of morphofunctional disorders with grapes polyphenols in rats with experimental metabolic syndrome

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ю.И. Шрамко ◽  
А.В. Кубышкин ◽  
А.А. Давыдова ◽  
И.И. Фомочкина ◽  
Л.Л. Алиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Grape Polyphenols ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Experimental Group

Цель работы состояла в изучении влияния полифенолов винограда на органы-мишени при экспериментальном метаболическом синдроме у крыс. Методы. В течение 12 недель полифенолы винограда применялись у крыс линии Вистар. Все крысы находились на стандартном рационе. Животные были разделены на 6 групп: 1-я контрольная получала питьевую воду; 2-я контрольная и все 4 экспериментальные - 2,5% раствор фруктозы в качестве питья. 1-я экспериментальная группа дополнительно получала препарат «Фэнокор» с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 181,53 г/дм, 2-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 1,73 г/дм; 3-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 4,33 г/дм и 4-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 8,58 г/дм. После окончания опыта у крыс проводили морфологические исследования висцеральной жировой ткани, тканей миокарда и печени. Результаты. Анализ результатов показал, что применение полифенольных продуктов переработки винограда в концентрациях 181,53 г/дм при моделировании метаболического синдрома приводило к минимизации морфофункциональных нарушений в висцеральной жировой ткани (уменьшение интенсивности лимфоплазмоцитарной инфильтрации), миокарде (мышечные волокна имели типичное строение и адипоциты между ними встречались лишь очагово) и печени (имелись лишь слабые очаговые дистрофические изменения гепатоцитов). Заключение. Результаты работы свидетельствуют о возможности применения виноматериалов с наибольшей концентрацией полифенолов и препарата «Фэнокор» в коррекции и профилактике поражений при метаболическом синдроме. The aim of this work was to study the effect of grape polyphenols on target organs in rats with experimental metabolic syndrome. Methods. Grape polyphenols were used in Wistar rats for 12 weeks. All rats received a standard diet. The animals were divided into 6 groups: group 1, control, received drinking water; group 2, the second control, and four experimental groups received a 2.5% fructose solution for drinking. The first experimental group additionally received a drug, Fenocor, containing polyphenols at 181.53 g/dm; the second experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 1,73 g/dm; the third experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 4,33 g/dm; and the fourth experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 8,58 g/dm. At the end of experiment, morphological studies of visceral adipose tissue, myocardial tissue, and hepatic tissue were performed. Results. The treatment of rats with experimental metabolic syndrome with grape polyphenolic products at a concentration of 181.53 g/dm minimized morphological and functional disorders in visceral adipose tissue (intensity of lymphoplasmocytic infiltration was decreased), myocardium (muscle fibers had normal structure with only occasional adipocytes between them), and liver (only slight focal degenerative changes were observed in hepatocytes). Conclusion. The study indicated a possibility of using wine materials with the highest concentration of polyphenols and the drug Fenocor for correction and prevention of damages in metabolic syndrome.

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