A mathematical algorithm of the facial symmetry plane: Application to mandibular deformity 3D facial data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujia Zhu ◽  
Xiangling Fu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shengwen Zheng ◽  
Aonan Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Facial Symmetry ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm

Reliability of a Method for Computing Facial Symmetry Plane and Degree of Asymmetry Based on 3D-data

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Hartmann ◽  
Philipp Meyer-Marcotty ◽  
Michaela Benz ◽  
Gerd Häusler ◽  
Angelika Stellzig-Eisenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Facial Symmetry ◽  
3D Data

An improved magnetic prism design for a transmission electron microscope energy filter

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Andrew ◽  
F.P. Ottensmeyer ◽  
E. Martell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resolution ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Fringe Field ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Electron Trajectories ◽  
Focusing Effect ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Focusing Properties

Energy selecting electron microscopes of the Castaing-Henry prism-mirror-prism design suffer from a loss of image and energy resolution with increasing field of view. These effects can be qualitatively understood by examining the focusing properties of the prism shown in Fig. 1. A cone of electrons emerges from the entrance lens crossover A and impinges on the planar face of the prism. The task of the prism is to focus these electrons to a point B at a focal distance f2 from the side of the prism. Electrons traveling in the plane of the diagram (i.e., the symmetry plane of the prism) are focused toward point B due to the different path lengths of different electron trajectories in the triangularly shaped magnetic field. This is referred to as horizontal focusing; the better this focusing effect the better the energy resolution of the spectrometer. Electrons in a plane perpendicular to the diagram and containing the central ray of the incident cone are focused toward B by the curved fringe field of the prism.

Symmetry Plane Detection in Brain Image Analysis: A Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surani Jayasuriya ◽  
Alan Liew ◽  
Ngai-Fong Law
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Brain Image ◽  
Brain Image Analysis

Further Computational Investigations Into Aero-Engine Bearing Chamber Off-Take Flows

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Robinson ◽  
Carol Eastwick ◽  
Herve´ Morvan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Gravity Driven ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Modelling Assumptions ◽  
Static Head ◽  
Engine Bearing

Within an aero-engine bearing chamber oil is provided to components to lubricate and cool. This oil must be efficiently removed (scavenged) from the chamber to ensure it does not overheat and degrade. Bearing chambers typically contain a sump section with an exit pipe leading to a scavenge pump. In this paper a simplified geometry of a sump section, here simply made of a radial off-take port on a walled inclined plane, is analysed computationally. This paper follows on work presented within GT2008-50634. In the previous paper it was shown that simple gravity draining from a static head of liquid cold be modelled accurately, for what was akin to a deep sump situation fond in integrated gear boxes for example. The work within this paper will show that the draining of flow perpendicular to a moving film can be modelled. This situation is similar to the arrangements found in transmission bearing chambers. The case modelled is of a walled gravity driven film running down a plane with a circular off-take port, this replicates experimental work similar to that reported in GT2008-50632. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, Fluent 6 [1] has been employed for modelling, sing the Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach of Hirt and Nichols [2, 3] to capture the physics of both the film motion and the two phase flow in the scavenge pipe system. Surface tension [4] and a sharpening algorithm [5] are used to complement the representation of the free surface and associated effects. This initial CFD investigation is supported and validated with experimental work, which is only depicted briefly here as it is mainly sued to support the CFD methodology. The case has been modelled in full as well as with the use of a symmetry plane running down the centre of the plane parallel to the channel walls. This paper includes details of the meshing methodology, the boundary conditions sued, which will be shown to be of critical importance to accurate modelling, and the modelling assumptions. Finally, insight into the flow patterns observed for the cases modelled are summarised. The paper further reinforces that CFD is a promising approach to analysing bearing chamber scavenge flows although it can still be relatively costly.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Methods for Spectator Symmetry Plane Estimation in CBM Experiment at FAIR

Particles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-360
Author(s):  
Oleg Golosov ◽  
Ilya Selyuzhenkov ◽  
Evgeny Kashirin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Beam Momentum ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Baryonic Matter ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Qcd Phase Diagram ◽  
Plane Transverse ◽  
The Spectator

The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM) at FAIR aims to study the area of the QCD phase diagram at high net baryon densities and moderate temperatures with collisions of heavy ions at sNN=2.8–4.9 GeV. The anisotropic transverse flow is one of the most important observable phenomena in a study of the properties of matter created in such collisions. Flow measurements require the knowledge of the collision symmetry plane, which can be determined from the deflection of the collision spectators in the plane transverse to the direction of the moving ions. The CBM performance for projectile spectator symmetry plane estimation is studied with GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations using collisions of gold ions with beam momentum of 12A GeV/c generated with the DCM-QGSM-SMM model. Different data-driven methods to extract the correction factor in flow analysis for the resolution of the spectator symmetry plane estimated with the CBM Projectile Spectator Detector are investigated.

scholarly journals Steady flow separation patterns in a 45 degree junction

2000 ◽  
Vol 411 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ROSS ETHIER ◽  
SUJATA PRAKASH ◽  
DAVID A. STEINMAN ◽  
RICHARD L. LEASK ◽  
GREGORY G. COUCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Separation ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Symmetry Plane ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Measured Velocity ◽  
Curved Tube

Numerical and experimental techniques were used to study the physics of flow separation for steady internal flow in a 45° junction geometry, such as that observed between two pipes or between the downstream end of a bypass graft and an artery. The three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations were solved using a validated finite element code, and complementary experiments were performed using the photochromic dye tracer technique. Inlet Reynolds numbers in the range 250 to 1650 were considered. An adaptive mesh refinement approach was adopted to ensure grid-independent solutions. Good agreement was observed between the numerical results and the experimentally measured velocity fields; however, the wall shear stress agreement was less satisfactory. Just distal to the ‘toe’ of the junction, axial flow separation was observed for all Reynolds numbers greater than 250. Further downstream (approximately 1.3 diameters from the toe), the axial flow again separated for Re [ges ] 450. The location and structure of axial flow separation in this geometry is controlled by secondary flows, which at sufficiently high Re create free stagnation points on the model symmetry plane. In fact, separation in this flow is best explained by a secondary flow boundary layer collision model, analogous to that proposed for flow in the entry region of a curved tube. Novel features of this flow include axial flow separation at modest Re (as compared to flow in a curved tube, where separation occurs only at much higher Re), and the existence and interaction of two distinct three-dimensional separation zones.

scholarly journals Validation of a Method Based on Triglycerides for the Detection of Low Percentages of Hazelnut Oil in Olive Oil by Column Liquid Chromatography

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1346-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego L García-González ◽  
María Viera-Macías ◽  
Ramón Aparicio-Ruiz ◽  
Maria T Morales ◽  
Ramón Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Hazelnut Oil ◽  
Equivalent Carbon Number ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The difference between theoretical and empirical triglyceride content is a powerful tool to detect the presence of any vegetable oil in olive oil. The current drawback of the method is the separation between equivalent carbon number ECN42 compounds, which affects the reliability of the method and, hence, its cutoff limit. The determination of the triglyceride profile by liquid chromatography using propionitrile as the mobile phase has recently been proposed to improve their quantification, together with a mathematical algorithm whose binary response determines the presence or absence of hazelnut oil. Twenty-one laboratories from 9 countries participated in an interlaboratory study to evaluate the performance characteristics of the whole analytical method. Participants analyzed 12 samples in duplicate, split into 3 intercomparison studies. Statistically significant differences due to the experimental conditions were found in some laboratories, which were detected as outliers by use of Cochran's and Grubbs' tests. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for repeatability and reproducibility were determined following the AOAC Guidelines for Collaborative Studies. The analytical properties of the method were determined by means of the sensitivity (0.86), selectivity (0.94), and reliability (72) for a cutoff limit of 8 (probability 94).

Contralateral botulinum injections improve drinking ability and facial symmetry in patients with facial paralysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory B. Krohel ◽  
Cheryl L. Cipollo ◽  
Krishna Gaddipati
Keyword(s):  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Facial Symmetry
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