The effects of prebiotic supplementation on weight gain, diarrhoea, constipation, fever and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 875-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Shahramian ◽  
Gholamreza Kalvandi ◽  
Hazhir Javaherizadeh ◽  
Manijeh Khalili ◽  
Noor Mohammad Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Dendritic cells in the mucosa of the human trachea are not regularly found in the first year of life

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tschernig ◽  
A S Debertin ◽  
F Paulsen ◽  
W J Kleemann ◽  
R Pabst
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Human Airways ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

BACKGROUNDDendritic cells (DCs) in the mucosa of the respiratory tract might be involved in the early development of pulmonary allergy or tolerance. To date, little is known about when the first DCs occur in human airways.METHODSSpecimens of the distal trachea from patients who had died from sudden death in the first year of life (n=29) and in older age groups (n=59) as well as from those who had died from respiratory tract infections in the first year of life (n=8) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy was performed in additional samples from two adults.RESULTSIn the sudden death subgroup DCs were absent in 76% of those who died in the first year of life but were present in 53 of the 59 older cases. All infants who had died of respiratory infectious diseases had DCs in the tracheal mucosa.CONCLUSIONSMature DCs are not constitutively present in the human tracheobronchial mucosa in the first year of life, but their occurrence seems to be triggered by infectious stimuli. These data support the hypothesis that DCs play a crucial role in immunoregulation in early childhood.

scholarly journals Maternal pre-pregnancy weight and early life lower respiratory tract infections in a low-income urban minority birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Gutierrez ◽  
Gustavo Nino ◽  
Xiumei Hong ◽  
Xiaobin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Urban Minority ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractThe prevalence of maternal obesity has increased dramatically with adverse consequences on infant health. Prior studies have reported associations between maternal obesity and childhood wheeze, asthma as well as lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). However, studies examining the association of obesity with early-life LRTIs in low-income urban minority populations are still lacking. This is a critical gap because both obesity and infant respiratory morbidity are more prevalent and severe in these communities. We examined mother‐child dyads from the Boston Birth Cohort (BBC) to define the longitudinal association of maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and LRTI in infancy, defined as the presence of bronchiolitis, bronchitis, or pneumonia during the first year of life (< 12 months of age). A total of 2,790 mother‐child dyads were included in our analyses. Infants born to pre-pregnancy obese mothers (n = 688, 25%) had 1.43 increased odds (adjOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.08–1.88, p = 0.012) of developing LRTI during the first year of life when compared with newborns born to normal-weight mothers after adjusting by relevant LRTI risk factors. Notably, infants born to overweight mothers (n = 808, 29%) followed a similar trend (adjOR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.00–1.72, p = 0.048). Our study demonstrated that maternal pre-pregnancy obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of LRTI during infancy in a low-income urban minority birth cohort.

Cotinine in meconium indicates risk for early respiratory tract infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Nuesslein ◽  
D Beckers ◽  
C H L Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

1 In order to identifypotential risks for lower respiratory tract symptoms during early infancy, the concentration of cotinine was measured in meconium of 91 newborns as a parameter of prenatal exposure to tobacco, and a questionnaire was performed with parents at birth. Infants were followed up for the first year of life by monthly telephone interviews. 2 Lower respiratory tract infections during the first 6 months of life were associated with a high concentration of cotinine in meconium (cotinine higher than median vs lower than median; odds ratio 4.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 20.3), while none of the other variables tested including selfreport of parental, prenatal or postnatal tobacco consumption, parents history of atopy, maternal age, presence of siblings, socio-economic status, duration of gestation, birth weight, gender, and duration of breast feeding were identified as independent risks. The occurrence of a lower respiratory tract infection during the first 6 months of life was predicted correctly in 77% of the infants by a cotinine excretion in meconium exceeding the group median. 3 In conclusion, quantification of cotinine in meconium is preferred to historical parameters as an estimate of the risk for early respiratory tract infections.

scholarly journals Increased risk of psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 is highest early in the clinical course

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Coleman ◽  
Elena Casiraghi ◽  
Hannah Blau ◽  
Lauren Chan ◽  
Melissa A Haendel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Sequelae ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
New Onset

Background: COVID-19 has been shown to increase the risk of adverse mental health consequences. A recent electronic health record (EHR)-based observational study showed an almost two-fold increased risk of new-onset mental illness in the first 90 days following a diagnosis of acute COVID-19. Methods: We used the National COVID Cohort Collaborative, a harmonized EHR repository with 2,965,506 COVID-19 positive patients, and compared cohorts of COVID-19 patients with comparable controls. Patients were propensity score-matched to control for confounding factors. We estimated the hazard ratio (COVID-19:control) for new-onset of mental illness for the first year following diagnosis. We additionally estimated the change in risk for new-onset mental illness between the periods of 21-120 and 121-365 days following infection. Findings: We find a significant increase in incidence of new-onset mental disorders in the period of 21-120 days following COVID-19 (3.8%, 3.6-4.0) compared to patients with respiratory tract infections (3%, 2.8-3.2). We further show that the risk for new-onset mental illness decreases over the first year following COVID-19 diagnosis compared to other respiratory tract infections and demonstrate a reduced (non-significant) hazard ratio over the period of 121-365 days following diagnosis. Similar findings are seen for new-onset anxiety disorders but not for mood disorders. Interpretation: Patients who have recovered from COVID-19 are at an increased risk for developing new-onset mental illness, especially anxiety disorders. This risk is most prominent in the first 120 days following infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document