Assessment of sorghum genetic resources of Ethiopia for anthracnose (
            Colletotrichum sublineolum
            Henn.) resistance and agronomic traits

It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat (Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploitation of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci) determining the agronomic traits flowering time and grain yield, exploiting a marker-trait-association based technique. Significant marker-trait associations were obtained and are presented. The intrachromosomal location of many of these associations coincided with those of already identified major genes or quantitative trait loci, but others were detected in regions where no known genes have been located to date.

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Variation of Macro- and Microelements, and Trace Metals in Spring Wheat Genetic Resources in Siberia

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11020149 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Sergey Shepelev ◽

Alexey Morgounov ◽

Paulina Flis ◽

Hamit Koksel ◽

Huihui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Trace Metals ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Enhancement ◽

Sr Protein ◽

Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽

The Us

Western Siberia is one of the major spring wheat regions of Russia, cultivating over 7 Mha. The objective of the study was to evaluate the variation of macro- and microelements, and of trace metals in four distinct groups of genetic resources: primary synthetics from CIMMYT (37 entries), primary synthetics from Japan (8), US hard red spring wheat cultivars (14), and material from the Kazakhstan–Siberian Network on Spring Wheat Improvement (KASIB) (74). The experiment was conducted at Omsk State Agrarian University, using a random complete block design with four replicates in 2017 and 2018. Concentrations of 15 elements were included in the analysis: macroelements, Ca, K, Mg, P, and S; microelements, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn; toxic trace elements, Cd, Co, Ni; and trace elements, Mo, Rb, and Sr. Protein content was found to be positively correlated with the concentrations of 11 of the elements in one or both years. Multiple regression was used to adjust the concentration of each element, based on significant correlations with agronomic traits and macroelements. All 15 elements were evaluated for their suitability for genetic enhancement, considering phenotypic variation, their share of the genetic component in this variation, as well as the dependence of the element concentration on other traits. Three trace elements (Sr, Mo, and Co) were identified as traits that were relatively easy to enhance through breeding. These were followed by Ca, Cd, Rb, and K. The important biofortification elements Mn and Zn were among the traits that were difficult to enhance genetically. The CIMMYT and Japanese synthetics had significantly higher concentrations of K and Sr, compared to the local check. The Japanese synthetics also had the highest concentrations of Ca, S, Cd, and Mo. The US cultivars had concentrations of Ca as high as the Japanese synthetics, and the highest concentrations of Mg and Fe. KASIB’s germplasm had near-average values for most elements. Superior germplasm, with high macro- and microelement concentrations and low trace-element concentrations, was found in all groups of material included.

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Safeguarding and using global banana diversity: a holistic approach

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience ◽

10.1186/s43170-020-00015-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ines Van den houwe ◽

Rachel Chase ◽

Julie Sardos ◽

Max Ruas ◽

Els Kempenaers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Research Activities ◽

Genebank Management

AbstractThe CGIAR genebank International Musa Germplasm Transit Centre (ITC) currently holds 1617 banana accessions from 38 countries as an in vitro collection, backed-up by a cryopreserved collection to safeguard global Musa diversity in perpetuity. The ITC also serves as a vital safety backup and transit centre for national banana genebanks and ensures that germplasm is clean of pests and diseases and freely available under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In more than 35 years of activity, the ITC has distributed over 18,000 banana accession samples to researchers and farmers in 113 countries. Ex situ conservation of vegetatively-propagated crops such as banana poses very particular challenges. Maintaining the ITC genebank is labor intense and costly. Efficiencies are sought through research and development of techniques on detecting viruses, the genetic integrity of accessions, and on innovative means of safeguarding banana diversity, such as conserving populations of wild species by seed banking. Although the conservation of global banana diversity is the main objective of the ITC, significant value comes from its holistic approach to better understand and promote its germplasm through numerous research activities and resources. Techniques for morphological and molecular characterization serve to identify and describe the collection, while also determining what gaps should be filled by collecting missions with national partners. The evaluation of desirable agronomic traits inherent in Musa spp. are investigated by a high-throughput phenotyping platform, which helps breeding programs to select cultivars resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genomic and bioinformatic studies of several banana wild relatives greatly enhance our understanding of Musa genetic diversity, links to important phenotypic traits and bring new methods for management of the collection. Collectively, these research activities produce enormous amounts of data that require curation and dissemination to the public. The two information systems at the ITC, Musa Genebank Management System and the Musa Germplasm Information System, serve to manage the genebank activities and to make public germplasm-related data for over 30 banana collections worldwide, respectively. By implementing the 10-year workplan set out in the Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Musa Genetic Resources, the network MusaNet supports Musa researchers and stakeholders, including the ITC, and most importantly, links to the world’s banana-producing countries via three regional banana networks.

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Genetic Diversity of Genetic Resources of Winter Barley Maintained in the Genebank in Slovakia

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/3709-cjgpb ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 118-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Žáková ◽

M. Benková

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Multivariate Methods ◽

Agronomic Characters ◽

Grain Number ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Selected Traits ◽

Full Maturity

A set of 140 winter barley genetic resources of foreign and domestic origins was tested on experimental basis of RIPP in 1997–1999 to characterise the variability of the accessions based on agronomic data using multivariate methods. In the set tested, variability was studied of selected traits and characteristics such as: plant height (PH), weight of 1000 grains (W), grain number per a spike (SNG), grain uniformity – ratio of front seeds over 2.5  m sieve (GU), vegetation period – sowing/full maturity (VM) and seed yield (Y). Agronomic characters show great variability between cultivars. The study of matrix interrelationships between different variables showed that the yield is greatly correlated with traits:  vegetation period – sowing/full maturity, grain uniformity and grain number per a spike. High positive correlation was obtained between the grain uniformity and the weight of 1000 grains. Negative correlation was found between the grain number per a spike and weight of 1000 grains in six-row barley. Correlations between agronomic traits differed between two- and six-row barley sets. The study revealed the existence of genetic differences among accessions as well as differences between two- and six-row winter barley and between the genotypes of domestic and foreign country origin, respectively. Results of this study provided information about diversity which should be of particular interest for the further collecting of genetic resources.  

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Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences Section B Natural Exact and Applied Sciences ◽

10.2478/v10046-009-0017-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 63 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Algė Leistrumaitė ◽

Vanda Paplauskienė ◽

Audronė Mašauskienė

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Malting Barley ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Barley Breeding ◽

Extract Yield ◽

Growing Conditions

Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania During the period 2004-2006, grain yield stability and malt quality characteristics of 47 spring barley varieties and 55 promising breeding lines from the collection of spring barley genetic resources were investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA). The growing conditions in 2004 were fairly normal compared with the long-term mean, and the years 2005 and 2006 were rather dry. The varieties and breeding lines tested showed from medium to high variation of grain > 2.5 mm yield (CV 11.5-34.3%) and medium variation of grain yield (CV 4.39-13.33%). However, high temperatures and drought in June of 2006 caused a low grain > 2.5 mm yield (by on average 55.0-67.8%). Promising breeding lines were characterised as having higher grain yield and extract output per ha compared with barley varieties. However, the data showed that grain grading 2.5 mm should be improved for the breeding lines. Using the software STABLE we estimated the stability of malting barley quality traits in relation to weather conditions during the crop year, genotype properties for varieties and breeding lines, as well as the interactions of variety and weather conditions. The selection of lines promising in terms of grain yield, > 2.5 mm grain yield and extract yield, was based on their ability to realise the genetic potential in various growing conditions. The highest score in integral assessment of grain yield, grain > 2.5 mm yield and extract yield was identified for the varieties Tocada', Sebastian', Scarlett' and breeding lines: 7939-1, 7661-1, and 8080-4. The varieties and breeding lines that exhibited high grain stability, high grain quality and other agronomic traits were utilised in further breeding programmes.

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Interspecific Hybridization in Sunflowers: an Illustration of the Importance of Wild Genetic Resources in Plant Breeding

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/003072708601500301 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 104-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Joseph E. Laferrière

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Breeding ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Future Potential

This article reviews past successes and future potential of the use of interspecific hybrids in the breeding of cultivated Helianthus annuus, with emphasis on the necessity for conservation of non-cultivated germplasm. The topics discussed include resistance to diseases and other pests; the development of male-sterile lines for hybrid seed production; introduction of genes for various agronomic traits, such as drought resistance and cold tolerance; and attempts to change the chemical composition of the harvested crop.

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Variation for selected morphological and quality-related traits among 178 faba bean landraces collected from Turkey

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262113000208 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 5-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tolga Karaköy ◽

Faheem Shehzad Baloch ◽

Faruk Toklu ◽

Hakan Özkan

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

A Priori ◽

Gene Pools ◽

Mini Core Collection ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Wide Range ◽

Breeding Programmes

Faba bean is cultivated worldwide and widely used in Mediterranean countries, Asia and Europe. However, only a few faba bean breeders are active in cultivar development. As a result, a limited number of varieties are available for growers. Plant genetic resources or germplasm are fundamental sources for plant breeding, and the assessment of the genetic diversity among germplasm accessions is useful to facilitate more efficient use of plant genetic resources. A mini-core collection of faba bean germplasm (178 landraces and four cultivars), from diverse geographic regions of Turkey, was assessed for agro-morphological performance and some quality traits. There were substantial variations for the investigated morphological and quality characteristics. The analysis of variance revealed that the differences among 182 accessions were significant for all the studied characters. Some accessions showed very good agronomic performance for some traits. Positive and negative correlations existed among different morphological and agronomic traits. Landraces have been classified into four different groups using a cluster analysis. These results suggest that an a priori classification of accessions according to the growing area does not strictly correspond to phenotypic grouping. From the spatial distribution of landraces, however, it has been possible to identify ‘superior’ accessions of some traits. These findings indicate a number of useful traits in the gene pools and a wide range of phenotypic variation that provides a good source of diversity for use in modern faba bean breeding programmes.

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Caracterización morfo-agronómica y molecular de mandarina ‘Arrayana‘ en el piedemonte del Meta (Colombia)

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol13_num1_art:234 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Javier Orlando Orduz-Rodríguez ◽

Javier Monroy ◽

Sandra Barrera ◽

Víctor Núñez ◽

Gustavo Ligarreto

Keyword(s):

Molecular Markers ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Clonal Propagation ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Research Center ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Citrus Reticulata ◽

Molecular Variation

Debido a la ausencia de información varietal de la mandarina (Citrus reticulata L.) ‘Arrayana‘ en el piedemonte Llanero del departamento del Meta (Colombia), se realizó una caracterización morfo-agronómica y molecular de árboles comerciales de mandarina de 10 años de edad del Centro de Investigación La Libertad de Corpoica ubicado en Villavicencio (Meta). Para la descripción morfológica se utilizaron los descriptores sugeridos por el Instituto Internacional de Recursos Genéticos (IPGRI), mientras que en la caracterización molecular, se utilizó la técnica de marcadores moleculares del tipo AFLP. La variación molecular detectada por AFLP mostró en los diez individuos de la mandarina ‘Arrayana‘ los mismos fragmentos para cada una de las accesiones, identificando individuos genéticamente iguales formando un solo grupo, lo que estaría relacionado con la propagación clonal y con características nucelares. Igualmente, se detectó uniformidad en los caracteres morfo-agronómicos, relacionados con las principales características hortícolas, lo cual señala niveles de homogeneidad, que permiten clasificar la población como una variedad. Morpho-agronomic and molecular characterization of the ‘Arrayana‘ mandarin in the piedmont of the Meta department (Colombia) Due to the absence of varietal information for the tangerine (Citrus reticulata L.) ‘Arrayana‘ in the piedmont plains of Meta (Colombia), morpho-agronomic and molecular characterization of 10-year-old commercial tangerine trees was carried out at the Research Center La Libertad of Corpoica in Villavicencio (Meta). Descriptors suggested by the International Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) were used for the morphological description, while for molecular characterization, we used the AFLP type molecular markers technique. The molecular variation detected by AFLP showed the same fragments for each of the accessions in ten individuals of the tangerine ‘Arrayana‘, identifying genetically identical individuals, forming a group; which might be related to clonal propagation and nucellar features. Similarly, we detected uniform morpho-agronomic traits related to major horticultural characteristics, which indicates levels of homogeneity for classifying the population as a variety.

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First high-quality reference genome of Amphicarpaea edgeworthii

10.1101/2020.09.22.306811 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tingting Song ◽

Mengyan Zhou ◽

Yuying Yuan ◽

Jinqiu Yu ◽

Hua Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Reference Genome ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Ideal Model ◽

High Quality ◽

Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Chromosome Level

AbstractAmphicarpaea edgeworthii, an annual twining herb, is a widely distributed species and an ideal model for studying complex flowering types and evolutionary mechanisms of species. Herein, we generated a high-quality assembly of A. edgeworthii by using a combination of PacBio, 10× Genomics libraries, and Hi-C mapping technologies. The final 11 chromosome-level scaffolds covered 90.61% of the estimated genome (343.78 Mb), which is the first chromosome-scale assembled genome of an amphicarpic plant. These data will be beneficial for the discovery of genes that control major agronomic traits, spur genetic improvement of and functional genetic studies in legumes, and supply comparative genetic resources for other amphicarpic plants.

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Population and quantitative genomic properties of the USDA soybean germplasm collection

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s1479262118000102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 513-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alencar Xavier ◽

Rima Thapa ◽

William M. Muir ◽

Katy Martin Rainey

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Snp Array ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Effective Population ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Soybean Germplasm ◽

National Plant Germplasm System

AbstractThis study is the first assessment of the entire soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] collection of the United State Department of Agriculture National Plant Germplasm System (USDA) reporting quantitative and population genomic parameters. It also provides a new insight into soybean germplasm structure. Germplasm studies enable plant breeders to incorporate novel genetic resources into breeding pipelines to improve valuable agronomic traits. We conducted comprehensive analyses on the 19,652 soybean accessions in the USDA-ARS germplasm collection, genotyped with the SoySNP50 K iSelect BeadChip SNP array, to elucidate the quantitative properties of existing subpopulations inferred through hierarchical clustering performed with Ward's D agglomeration method and Nei's standard genetic distance. We found the effective population size to be approximately 106 individuals based on the linkage disequilibrium of unlinked loci. The cladogram indicated the existence of eight major clusters. Each cluster displays particular properties with regard to major quantitative traits. Among those, cluster 3 represents the tropical and semi-tropical genetic material, cluster 5 displays large seeds and may represent food-grade germplasm, and cluster 7 represents the undomesticated material in the germplasm collection. The average FST among clusters was 0.22 and a total of 914 SNPs were exclusive to specific clusters. Our classification and characterization of the germplasm collection into major clusters provides valuable information about the genetic resources available to soybean breeders and researchers.

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