Melatonin prevents kidney injury in a high salt diet-induced hypertension model by decreasing oxidative stress

AbstractAlamandine (Ala) is a novel member of the renin–angiotensin-system (RAS) family. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Ala on hypertension and renal damage of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats high-salt diet-induced, and the mechanisms of Ala on renal-damage alleviation. Dahl rats were fed with high-salt diets to induce hypertension and renal damage in vivo, and HK-2 cells were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl) to induce renal injury in vitro. Ala administration alleviated the high-salt diet-induced hypertension, renal dysfunction, and renal fibrosis and apoptosis in Dahl SS rats. The HK-2 cells’ damage, and the increases in the levels of cleaved (c)-caspase3, c-caspase8, and c-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) induced by NaCl were inhibited by Ala. Ala attenuated the NaCl-induced oxidative stress in the kidney and HK-2 cells. DETC, an inhibitor of SOD, reversed the inhibitory effect of Ala on the apoptosis of HK-2 cells induced by NaCl. The NaCl-induced increase in the PKC level was suppressed by Ala in HK-2 cells. Notably, PKC overexpression reversed the moderating effects of Ala on the NaCl-induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells. These results show that Ala alleviates high-salt diet-induced hypertension and renal dysfunction. Ala attenuates the renal damage via inhibiting the PKC/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the apoptosis in renal tubular cells.

Download Full-text

Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits High-Salt Diet-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress and Kidney Injury in Dahl Rats

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/2807490 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Pan Huang ◽

Zhizhou Shen ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Yaqian Huang ◽

Siyao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Renal Function ◽

Antioxidative Activity ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

High Salt ◽

Sod Activity ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Sd Rats

Background. The study was designed to investigate if H2S could inhibit high-salt diet-induced renal excessive oxidative stress and kidney injury in Dahl rats.Methods. Male salt-sensitive Dahl and SD rats were used. Blood pressure (BP), serum creatinine, urea, creatinine clearance rate, and 24-hour urine protein were measured. Renal ultra- and microstructures were observed. Collagen-I and -III contents the oxidants and antioxidants levels in renal tissue were detected. Keap1/Nrf2 association and Keap1 s-sulfhydration were detected.Results. After 8 weeks of high-salt diet, BP was significantly increased, renal function and structure were impaired, and collagen deposition was abundant in renal tissues with increased renal MPO activity, H2O2, MDA, GSSG, and•OH contents, reduced renal T-AOC and GSH contents, CAT, GSH-PX and SOD activity, and SOD expressions in Dahl rats. Furthermore, endogenous H2S in renal tissues was decreased in Dahl rats. H2S donor, however, decreased BP, improved renal function and structure, and inhibited collagen excessive deposition in kidney, in association with increased antioxidative activity and reduced oxidative stress in renal tissues. H2S activated Nrf2 by inducing Keap1 s-sulfhydration and subsequent Keap1/Nrf2 disassociation.Conclusions. H2S protected against high-salt diet-induced renal injury associated with enhanced antioxidant capacity and inhibited renal oxidative stress.

Download Full-text

Overload proteinuria is followed by salt-sensitive hypertension caused by renal infiltration of immune cells

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00199.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 283 (5) ◽

pp. F1132-F1141 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Violeta Alvarez ◽

Yasmir Quiroz ◽

Mayerly Nava ◽

Héctor Pons ◽

Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Nephritis ◽

Renal Damage ◽

High Salt ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Salt Sensitive Hypertension ◽

And Control ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Recent evidence suggests that salt-sensitive hypertension develops as a consequence of renal infiltration with immunocompetent cells. We investigated whether proteinuria, which is known to induce interstitial nephritis, causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Female Lewis rats received 2 g of BSA intraperitoneally daily for 2 wk. After protein overload (PO), 6 wk of a high-salt diet induced hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) = 156 ± 11.8 mmHg], whereas rats that remained on a normal-salt diet and control rats (without PO) on a high-salt diet were normotensive. Administration of mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg · kg−1 · day−1) during PO resulted in prevention of proteinuria-related interstitial nephritis, reduction of renal angiotensin II-positive cells and oxidative stress (superoxide-positive cells and renal malondialdehyde content), and resistance to the hypertensive effect of the high-salt diet (SBP = 129 ± 12.2 mmHg). The present studies support the participation of renal inflammatory infiltrate in the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension and provide a direct link between two risk factors of progressive renal damage: proteinuria and hypertension.

Download Full-text

Erratum: A high-salt diet enhances leukocyte adhesion in association with kidney injury in young Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1038/hr.2017.71 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 945-945

Author(s):

Hidenori Takahashi ◽

Suguru Nakagawa ◽

Yaqiong Wu ◽

Yukari Kawabata ◽

Atsushi Numabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leukocyte Adhesion ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

High Salt ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet

Download Full-text

High-salt diet enhances hippocampal oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in mice

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory ◽

10.1016/j.nlm.2014.04.010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 10-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yun-Zi Liu ◽

Ji-Kuai Chen ◽

Zhang-Peng Li ◽

Ting Zhao ◽

Min Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

High Salt ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet

Download Full-text

Abstract 370: Upregulation of Renal D5 Dopamine Receptor Ameliorates Hypertension in D3 Deficient Mice

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a370 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Crisanto S Escano ◽

Laureano Asico ◽

John E Jones ◽

Alan Barte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Dopamine Receptors ◽

Dopamine Receptor ◽

High Salt ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Deficient Mice

D 3 dopamine receptor (D 3 R) deficient mice have renin-dependent hypertension but the hypertension is mild and is not associated with oxidative stress. In order to determine if any compensatory mechanism in the kidney is involved in the regulation of blood pressure with disruption of D 3 R, we measured the renal protein expression of dopamine receptors in D 3 R homozygous (D 3 -/-) and heterozygous (D 3 +/-) knockout mice and their wild type (D 3 +/+) littermates. D 5 dopamine receptor (D 5 R) (169±23%, reported as % of D 3 +/+, n=5/group) expression was increased but D 4 dopamine receptors protein expression (59±8%) was decreased, while no significant changes were found with D 1 and D 2 dopamine receptors. Immunocytochemistry showed a stronger renal staining of D 5 R but without a change in renal tubule cell distribution in D 3 -/- relative to D 3 +/+ mice. D 5 R abundance was also increased in D 3 +/- (205±30%, n=5/group) relative to D 3 +/+ mice, while D 1 R abundance was similar between D 3 +/- and D 3 +/+ mice. The increase in D 5 R expression was abolished while blood pressure was increased further in D 3 -/- mice fed a high salt diet. Treatment of the D 1 -like (including D 1 and D 5 receptors) antagonist, SCH23390 , increased the blood pressure to a greater extent in anesthetized D 3 -/- mice than in D 3 +/+ mice (n=4/group), suggesting that the upregulation of D 5 R may modulate the hypertension in mice caused by the disruption of D 3 R. Since dopamine inhibits the NADPH oxidase-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the D 5 R, we also measured the protein expression of NOXs in the kidney and isoprostane in the urine. No NADPH oxidase subunit was increased in D 3 -/- and D 3 +/- mice relative to D 3 +/+ mice fed a normal or salt high salt diet, and urinary isoprostane excretion was also similar in D 3 -/- and D 3 +/+ mice. Our findings suggest that the upregulation of D 5 R may minimize the hypertension and prevent oxidative stress in D 3 -/- mice.

Download Full-text

Cyperus esculentus L. (tigernut) mitigates high salt diet‐associated testicular toxicity in Wistar rats by targeting testicular steroidogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation

Andrologia ◽

10.1111/and.13780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Justina Nwandimma Nwangwa ◽

Augustine Lishilinimye Udefa ◽

Ernest Atelhe Amama ◽

Inah Onete Inah ◽

Hamza Joseph Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

High Salt ◽

Testicular Toxicity ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Testicular Steroidogenesis

Download Full-text

Intestinal Flora Modulates Blood Pressure by Regulating the Synthesis of Intestinal-Derived Corticosterone in High Salt-Induced Hypertension

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/circresaha.119.316394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 126 (7) ◽

pp. 839-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xuefang Yan ◽

Jiajia Jin ◽

Xinhuan Su ◽

Xianlun Yin ◽

Jing Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Corticosterone Level ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

High Salt ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Induced Hypertension

Rationale: High-salt diet is one of the most important risk factors for hypertension. Intestinal flora has been reported to be associated with high salt–induced hypertension (hSIH). However, the detailed roles of intestinal flora in hSIH pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Objective: To reveal the roles and mechanisms of intestinal flora in hSIH development. Methods and Results: The abovementioned issues were investigated using various techniques including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, selective bacterial culture, and fecal microbiota transplantation. We found that high-salt diet induced hypertension in Wistar rats. The fecal microbiota of healthy rats could dramatically lower blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive rats, whereas the fecal microbiota of hSIH rats had opposite effects. The composition, metabolism, and interrelationship of intestinal flora in hSIH rats were considerably reshaped, including the increased corticosterone level and reduced Bacteroides and arachidonic acid levels, which tightly correlated with BP. The serum corticosterone level was also significantly increased in rats with hSIH. Furthermore, the above abnormalities were confirmed in patients with hypertension. The intestinal Bacteroides fragilis could inhibit the production of intestinal-derived corticosterone induced by high-salt diet through its metabolite arachidonic acid. Conclusions: hSIH could be transferred by fecal microbiota transplantation, indicating the pivotal roles of intestinal flora in hSIH development. High-salt diet reduced the levels of B fragilis and arachidonic acid in the intestine, which increased intestinal-derived corticosterone production and corticosterone levels in serum and intestine, thereby promoting BP elevation. This study revealed a novel mechanism different from inflammation/immunity by which intestinal flora regulated BP, namely intestinal flora could modulate BP by affecting steroid hormone levels. These findings enriched the understanding of the function of intestinal flora and its effects on hypertension.

Download Full-text

Helicobacter pylori AdaptationIn Vivoin Response to a High-Salt Diet

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00918-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 83 (12) ◽

pp. 4871-4883 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

John T. Loh ◽

Jennifer A. Gaddy ◽

Holly M. Scott Algood ◽

Silvana Gaudieri ◽

Simon Mallal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

High Salt ◽

Mongolian Gerbils ◽

High Salt Diet ◽

Salt Diet ◽

Content Type ◽

Regular Diet ◽

H Pylori ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Helicobacter pyloriexhibits a high level of intraspecies genetic diversity. In this study, we investigated whether the diversification ofH. pyloriis influenced by the composition of the diet. Specifically, we investigated the effect of a high-salt diet (a known risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma) onH. pyloridiversification within a host. We analyzedH. pyloristrains isolated from Mongolian gerbils fed either a high-salt diet or a regular diet for 4 months by proteomic and whole-genome sequencing methods. Compared to the input strain and output strains from animals fed a regular diet, the output strains from animals fed a high-salt diet produced higher levels of proteins involved in iron acquisition and oxidative-stress resistance. Several of these changes were attributable to a nonsynonymous mutation infur(fur-R88H). Further experiments indicated that this mutation conferred increased resistance to high-salt conditions and oxidative stress. We propose a model in which a high-salt diet leads to high levels of gastric inflammation and associated oxidative stress inH. pylori-infected animals and that these conditions, along with the high intraluminal concentrations of sodium chloride, lead to selection ofH. pyloristrains that are most fit for growth in this environment.

Download Full-text