scholarly journals Anopheline species, some of their habits and relation to malaria in endemic areas of Rondônia State, Amazon region of Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira ◽  
Anthony Erico da Gama Guimarães ◽  
Monique Arlé ◽  
Tereza Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Márcia Gonçalves Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Anopheline Species ◽  
Local Vector ◽  
Endemic Areas

In view of recent studies incriminating several species of anophelines, besides Anopheles darlingi, as malaria vectors in the Brazilian Amazon, we performed an anopheline survey in four localities - Ariquemes, Cujubim, Machadinho and Itapoã do Oeste - in Rondônia, the most malarious State in the Country. Twenty species were found. An. darlingi was, by far, the dominant species and the only one whose density coincided with that of malaria. On human baits it was more numerous in the immediate vincinity of houses than indoors whre, however, it was almost the only species encountered. On both situations it fed mostly at sunset and during the first half of the night. It was less numerous far from houses and scarce inside the forest. Other species (An. triannulatus, An. evansae, An. albitarsis, An. strodei) appeared in appreciable numbers only in Ariquemes, both in areas with and without malaria. The remaining species were scanty. An. darlingi was confirmed as the primary local vector.

scholarly journals Anopheline species (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Maracá Ecological Station, Roraima State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. e964
Author(s):  
Vera Margarete Scarpassa ◽  
José Ferreira Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
First Record ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Anopheline Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region

Anopheline species were sampled in different ecotones at Maracá Ecological Station and in Cantá municipality, both in Roraima State, Brazil, in June 2016.  Nine species were recorded. Six species belong to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus and three species to the subgenus Anopheles. The most abundant species collected were Anopheles triannulatus s.l., Anopheles nuneztovari s.l. and Anopheles oswaldoi species B. The remaining species had frequencies lower than 10%. While A. triannulatus s.l. was the most frequent and the most widely distributed species in the studied area, Anopheles darlingi Root, the main malaria vector in the Brazilian Amazon region, was captured in two different ecotones and in low frequency. Our findings suggest that the risk of malaria outbreaks at Maracá Ecological Station may be low. This study also describes the first record of Anopheles costai Fonseca & Ramos in Maracá Ecological Station, Roraima State, increasing the distribution range of this taxon.

scholarly journals Behavioral patterns, parity rate and natural infection analysis in anopheline species involved in the transmission of malaria in the northeastern Brazilian Amazon region

Acta Tropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledayane Mayana Costa Barbosa ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Picanço Souto ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo dos Anjos Ferreira ◽  
Vera Margarete Scarpassa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Anopheline Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Parity Rate

scholarly journals Vector-Focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges and Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Elerson Matos Rocha ◽  
Ricardo de Melo Katak ◽  
Juan Campos de Oliveira ◽  
Maisa da Silva Araujo ◽  
Bianca Cechetto Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Substantial Progress

In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been made towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to control or eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of malaria-control programs, particularly in remote or difficult-to-access areas and in regions where existing interventions have been unable to eliminate disease transmission. However, much effort still has to be put into research expanding the knowledge of neotropical malaria vectors to set the steppingstones for the optimization of conventional and development of innovative vector-control tools.

scholarly journals Ecology of Anopheline (Diptera, Culicidae), malaria vectors around the Serra da Mesa Reservoir, State of Goiás, Brazil: 1 - Frequency and climatic factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Érico Guimarães ◽  
Carla Gentile ◽  
Jeronimo Alencar ◽  
Catarina Macedo Lopes ◽  
Rubens Pinto de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Anopheline Species ◽  
Reservoir State

The ecology of anopheline species (Diptera, Culicidae) was studied in the vicinity of the Serra da Mesa Reservoir, State of Goiás, Brazil. Climatic factors and frequency of anopheline populations were analyzed. Bimonthly human-bait and Shannon trap captures were conducted for 36 consecutive months (January 1997 through December 1999). A total of 5,205 adult anophelines belonging to five species were collected. Anopheles darlingi was the most frequently collected anopheline (61.4%), followed by An. albitarsis s.l. (35.4%), An. triannulatus. (2.5%), An. oswaldoi (0.4%), and An. evansae (0.2%). The water level and vegetation along the banks of the reservoir were crucial to the frequency of the various anopheline species. Climatic factors had a secondary influence. The reservoir's water-level stability, increased frequency of An. darlingi, and the arrival of gold prospectors were responsible for the increase in malaria cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Histidine-Rich Proteins 2 and 3 Gene Deletions in Plasmodium falciparum in Endemic Areas of the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Leandro Góes ◽  
Nathália Chamma-Siqueira ◽  
José Mário Peres ◽  
José Maria Nascimento ◽  
Suiane Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Molecular Surveillance ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Endemic Areas

Histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 gene (pfhrp2 and pfhrp3) deletions affect the efficacy of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on the histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), compromising the correct identification of the Plasmodium falciparum species. Therefore, molecular surveillance is necessary for the investigation of the actual prevalence of this phenomenon and the extent of the disappearance of these genes in these areas and other South American countries, thus guiding national malaria control programs on the appropriate use of RDTs. This study aimed to evaluate the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletion in P. falciparum in endemic areas of the Brazilian Amazon. Aliquots of DNA from the biorepository of the Laboratory of Basic Research in Malaria, Evandro Chagas Institute, with a positive diagnosis for P. falciparum infection as determined by microscopy and molecular assays, were included. Monoinfection was confirmed by nested-polymerase chain reaction assay, and DNA quality was assessed by amplification of the merozoite surface protein-2 gene (msp2). The pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes were amplified using primers for the region between exons 1 and 2 and for all extension of exon 2. Aliquots of DNA from 192 P. falciparum isolates were included in the study, with 68.7% (132/192) from the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul (Acre) and 31.3% (60/192) from Manaus (Amazonas). Of this total, 82.8% (159/192) of the samples were considered of good quality. In the state of Acre, 71.7% (71/99) showed pfhrp2 gene deletion and 94.9% (94/99) showed pfhrp3 gene deletion, while in the state of Amazonas, 100.0% (60/60) of the samples showed pfhrp2 gene deletion and 98.3% (59/60) showed pfhrp3 gene deletion. Moreover, 79.8% (127/159) of isolates displayed gene deletion. Our findings confirm the presence of a parasite population with high frequencies of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions in the Brazilian Amazon region. This suggests reconsidering the use of HRP2-based RDTs in the Acre and Amazonas states and calls attention to the importance of molecular surveillance and mapping of pfhrp2/pfhrp3 deletions in this area and in other locations in the Amazon region to guarantee appropriate patient care, control and ultimately contribute to achieving P. falciparum malaria elimination.

scholarly journals Vector-focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges and Strategies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elerson Matos Rocha ◽  
Ricardo de Melo Katak ◽  
Juan Campos-de-Oliveira ◽  
Maisa da Silva Araujo ◽  
Bianca Cechetto Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Substantial Progress

In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been achieved towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, these new vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of malaria-control programs, particularly in remote or difficult-to-access areas and in regions where existing interventions have been unable to eliminate disease transmission. However, much effort still has to be put on research expanding the knowledge of neotropical malaria vectors to set the steppingstones for the development of such innovative tools.

scholarly journals SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA VECTORS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN RURAL LOCALITIES OF PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA, BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Herman Soares GIL ◽  
Moreno de Souza RODRIGUES ◽  
Alzemar Alves de LIMA ◽  
Tony Hiroshi KATSURAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Porto Velho

We conducted a survey of the malaria vectors in an area where a power line had been constructed, between the municipalities of Porto Velho and Rio Branco, in the states of Rondônia and Acre, respectively. The present paper relates to the results of the survey of Anopheles fauna conducted in the state of Rondônia. Mosquito field collections were performed in six villages along the federal highway BR 364 in the municipality of Porto Velho, namely Porto Velho, Jaci Paraná, Mutum Paraná, Vila Abunã, Vista Alegre do Abunã, and Extrema. Mosquito captures were performed at three distinct sites in each locality during the months of February, July, and October 2011 using a protected human-landing catch method; outdoor and indoor captures were conducted simultaneously at each site for six hours. In the six sampled areas, we captured 2,185 mosquitoes belonging to seven Anopheles species. Of these specimens, 95.1% consisted of Anopheles darlingi, 1.8% An. triannulatus l.s., 1.7% An. deaneorum, 0.8% An. konderi l.s., 0.4 An. braziliensis, 0.1% An. albitarsis l.s., and 0.1% An. benarrochi. An. darlingi was the only species found in all localities; the remaining species occurred in sites with specific characteristics.

scholarly journals Molecular screening of Plasmodium sp. asymptomatic carriers among transfusion centers from Brazilian Amazon region

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Fugikaha ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Fornazari ◽  
Roberta de Souza Rodrigues Penhalbel ◽  
Alexandre Lorenzetti ◽  
Roberto Duarte Maroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Transfusion Transmitted Infection ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Human Blood Samples ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Efficient Screening

The transmission of malaria in Brazil is heterogeneous throughout endemic areas and the presence of asymptomatic Plasmodium sp. carriers (APCs) in the Brazilian Amazon has already been demonstrated. Malaria screening in blood banks is based on the selection of donors in respect to possible risks associated with travel or residence, clinical evidence and/or inaccurate diagnostic methods thereby increasing the probability of transfusion-transmitted infection. We evaluated the frequency of APCs in four blood services in distinct areas of the Brazilian Amazon region. DNA was obtained from 400 human blood samples for testing using the phenol-chloroform method followed by a nested-PCR protocol with species-specific primers. The positivity rate varied from 1 to 3% of blood donors from the four areas with an average of 2.3%. All positive individuals had mixed infections for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. No significant differences in the results were detected among these areas; the majority of cases originated from the transfusion centres of Porto Velho, Rondônia State and Macapá, Amapá State. Although it is still unclear whether APC individuals may act as reservoirs of the parasite, efficient screening of APCs and malaria patients in Brazilian blood services from endemic areas needs to be improved.

scholarly journals CYP2D6 Allele Frequency in Five Malaria Vivax Endemic Areas From Brazilian Amazon Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Ferreira Salles ◽  
Daiana Souza Perce-da-Silva ◽  
Atila Duque Rossi ◽  
Luisa Riehl Raposo ◽  
Aina Danaisa Ramirez Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Endemic Areas

Genetic variability was linked with individual responses to treatment and susceptibility to malaria by Plasmodium vivax. Polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene may modulate enzyme level and activity, thereby affecting individual responses to pharmacological treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate whether or not CYP2D6 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1065852, rs38920-97, rs16947 and rs28371725 are unequally distributed in malaria by Plasmodium vivax individuals from the Brazilian Amazon region. The blood samples were collected from 220 unrelated Plasmodium vivax patients from five different endemic areas. Genotyping was performed using SNaPshot® and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods. In all five areas, the rs1065852 (CYP2D6*10, C.100C > T), rs3892097 (CYP2D6*4, 1846C > T) and rs16947 (CYP2D6*2, C.2850G > A), as a homozygous genotype, showed the lowest frequencies. The rs28371725 (CYP2D6*41, 2988G > A) homozygous genotype was not detected, while the allele A was found in a single patient from Macapá region. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found, although a borderline p-value was observed (p = 0.048) for the SNP rs3892097 in Goianésia do Pará, Pará state. No significant associations were detected in these frequencies among the five studied areas. For the SNP rs3892097, a higher frequency was observed for the C/T heterozygous genotype in the Plácido de Castro and Macapá, Acre and Amapá states, respectively. The distribution of the CYP2D6 alleles investigated in the different areas of the Brazilian Amazon is not homogeneous. Further investigations are necessary in order to determine which alleles might be informative to assure optimal drug dosing recommendations based on experimental pharmacogenetics.

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