scholarly journals The Party Personnel Datasets: Advancing Comparative Research in Party Behavior and Legislative Organization Across Electoral Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Bergman ◽  
Cory L. Struthers ◽  
Matthew S. Shugart ◽  
Robert J. Pekkanen ◽  
Ellis S. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Party Behavior

Electoral Systems and Women’s Representation

2017 ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Lena Krook
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Cross National

Comparative research highlights electoral systems as an important variable explaining cross-national variations in women’s political representation worldwide. This chapter summarizes key patterns in women’s representation globally. It maps existing research on gender and electoral systems, focusing on the role of electoral formulas, district and party magnitude, and ballot structure in shaping women’s opportunities to be elected. It then identifies three areas within the gender literature that have foregrounded elements of electoral systems to generate new insights into central dynamics of political life. The chapter concludes with a discussion of emerging areas of research related to gender, electoral systems, and political representation.

scholarly journals Electoral Systems and Legislative Organization

2017 ◽  
pp. 302-320
Author(s):  
Shane Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Legislatures are a cornerstone of representative democracy at the local, subnational, national, and even supra-national levels. Electoral systems determine how votes are transformed into legislative seats. Because of this, what legislators must do to get re-elected is shaped by electoral rules. The impact of electoral incentives goes beyond behavior, potentially shaping the rules and procedures of the legislature itself. This chapter analyzes theories and evidence that link legislative organization to members’ electoral incentives. However, not all legislative structures have a clear electoral basis. As this chapter suggests, the relationship between electoral systems and how a legislature chooses to organize itself is a conditional one.

Comparative Research and Electoral Systems:

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Electoral Systems

Institutional reforms and their effect on legislators’ behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Shomer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Conditional Effect ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Party Behavior

Do electoral systems and intra-party candidate selection procedures influence the degree to which parties act in unison? Whereas the theoretical literature is quite clear about the hypothetical effect of these institutions, empirical evidence is mixed. In this article, I solve the puzzle and theorize about the interactive effects of elections and selections on parties’ behavior. I argue that the effect of candidate selections depends on the electoral environment within which they operate. Specifically, in an electoral environment that creates incentives for candidate-centeredness, the less restrictive the selection method a party uses, the less unified its record; whereas in an electoral environment that emphasizes party-centeredness, the effect of selections on unity is more muted. Using the electoral reform and divergent selection mechanisms characterizing Israel during the last three decades and utilizing Rice Scores, I provide support for the conditional effect of electoral systems and selection procedures on party behavior.

European Parliament

2021 ◽  
pp. 304-328
Author(s):  
Miriam Sorace
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Systems ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Member States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Level Government

The European Parliament is an extraordinary legislature due to its multinational nature, and its mixed internal legislative organization. Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are subject to mixed incentives: they have to heed both national and European Party Groups’ (EPGs) leaderships, but also have significant opportunities for individual floor access. The chapter uses speech counts from 1999 to 2019, scraped from the EP official website. The analysis finds that frontbench domination of speeches is not constant and has weakened over time. Changes in internal procedure appear to be an important explanatory factor, while member states’ electoral systems do not seem to play a role in explaining frontbench domination patterns. The study also finds that EU-level government–opposition dynamics do not play a role, while ideological extremism does explain speechmaking patterns. In terms of individual level determinants of legislative speech, senior MEPs are granted more floor time, while there is no difference between male and female MEPs in their debate participation rates.

A New Approach to Estimating Electoral Instability in Parties

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dani M. Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Party System ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
New Parties ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mass Behavior ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Different Sources

Recent scholarship has identified problems in the measurement of party system instability. To limit the conflation of different sources of instability in party systems (e.g., electoral shifts between stable parties and instability in parties, such as mergers, splinters or new parties), this article introduces a new indicator of electoral instability in parties, tests its robustness and construct validity and demonstrates its usefulness empirically. The indicators of party instability and the accompanying data of 27 European democracies, 1987–2011, will be valuable resources in comparative research on the interplay between elite and mass behavior, party and electoral systems, and democratic consolidation.

Presidential Power, Legislative Organization, and Party Behavior in Brazil

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Argelina Cheibub Figueiredo ◽  
Fernando Limongi
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Power ◽  
Legislative Organization ◽  
Party Behavior

Tactical Voting

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Riera
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Core ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
Long Term Consequences

This article reviews comparative research on electoral systems and voting behavior, identifying analytical gaps in the tactical voting literature. It starts by examining the core assumptions underpinning the classic approach to tactical voting. It then displays some empirical data about the estimates of this behavior reported in the literature. Contrasting experiences of theoretical and methodological issues in majoritarian and non-majoritarian systems are discussed. Focusing on some difficulties in the application of the “avoiding wasted vote” motivations under PR and mixed-member rules, the article furthers the consolidation of research on tactical voting beyond FPTP systems. The last section suggests that future scholarship in this field should move beyond the “wasted vote” approach to tactical voting and distinguish between instrumental and expressive motivations, consider the long-term consequences of tactical voting, and stress the endogenous nature of tactical voting and the role of parties and media in spreading it.

Electoral Systems in Context

2017 ◽  
pp. 824-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniaki Nemoto
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Electoral Reform ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Incumbency Advantage ◽  
Personal Support

The system used for Japan’s House of Representatives (Shugiin, or HoR) was changed in the mid-1990s from hyperpersonalistic single nontransferable voting (SNTV) to mixed-member majoritarian (MMM). The reform was expected to bring about a move toward two-party competition, party-centered campaigning, and party centralization. Evidence generally supports the theoretically expected consequences of the electoral reform. However, the electoral system change did not completely transform Japanese party politics as expected. Some of the institutions and practices considered peculiar to the old electoral system, such as personal support networks and factions, were not wiped away by the reform. Other rules in the new system initially considered minor, such as dual candidacy, can have a substantive impact on incumbency advantage and Duvergerian convergence. These suggest that Japan’s electoral reform opens the way for new comparative research on the effects of electoral systems.

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