Disciplinary power on daily practices of nurses and physicians in the hospital

The national armory at Springfield was the largest prototype of the modern factory establishment and its accounting controls were described by Alfred Chandler [1977] as the most sophisticated in use before the early 1840s. In spite of that, armory management did not integrate piece-rate accounting and a clock-regulated workday to produce prespecified norms of output. Hoskin & Macve [1988] have recently suggested that the armory's accounting controls were unable to attain disciplinary power over labor and increase labor productivity until a West Point trained managerial component had been established at the armory after 1840. They called for a reexamination of the historical record from a disciplinary rather than economic perspective to validate this doctrine. The paper presents the findings of this reexamination and indicates that West Point management training was a relatively minor determinant in the evolving nature of accounting. Several economic and social factors are found to better explain why integration did not occur any sooner than it did at the Springfield armory.

Interprofessional collaboration in joint clinical sessions in an intensive care unit: Perceptions of nurses and physicians

Enfermería Intensiva (English ed ) ◽

10.1016/j.enfie.2020.02.003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

X. Verd-Aulí ◽

M. Maqueda-Palau ◽

M. Miró-Bonet

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Interprofessional Collaboration ◽

Nurses And Physicians

Does interprofessional team-training affect nurses’ and physicians’ perceptions of safety culture and communication practices? Results of a pre-post survey study

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-021-06137-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jan Schmidt ◽

Nikoloz Gambashidze ◽

Tanja Manser ◽

Tim Güß ◽

Michael Klatthaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Small Group ◽

Safety Culture ◽

Survey Study ◽

Mean Values ◽

Interprofessional Team ◽

Communication Practices ◽

Nurses And Physicians ◽

Perceptions Of Safety ◽

Culture And Communication

Abstract Background Many hospitals seek to increase patient safety through interprofessional team-trainings. Accordingly, these trainings aim to strengthen important key aspects such as safety culture and communication. This study was designed to investigate if an interprofessional team-training, administered to a relatively small group of nurses and physicians would promote a change in healthcare professionals’ perceptions on safety culture and communication practices throughout the hospital. We further sought to understand which safety culture aspects foster the transfer of trained communication practices into clinical practice. Methods We conducted a pre-post survey study using six scales to measure participants’ perceptions of safety culture and communication practices. Mean values were compared according to profession and participation in training. Using multiple regression models, the relationship between safety culture and communication practices was determined. Results Before and after the training, we found high mean values for all scales. A significant, positive effect was found for the communication practices of the physicians. Participation in the training sessions played a variably relevant role in the communication practices. In addition, the multiple regression analyses showed that specific safety culture aspects have a cross-professional influence on communication practices in the hospital. Conclusions This study suggest that interprofessional team-trainings of a small group of professionals can successfully be transferred into clinical practice and indicates the importance of safety culture aspects for such transfer processes. Thus, we recommend the consideration of safety culture aspects before starting a training intervention.

Disciplinary power in corporate governance: A Foucauldian analysis of the emergence and development of proxy advisors

Accounting History ◽

10.1177/1032373220986232 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103237322098623

Author(s):

Damien Lambert

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Institutional Investors ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

General Meeting ◽

Global Scale ◽

Disciplinary Power ◽

Record Keeping ◽

Corporate Executives ◽

Proxy Advisors ◽

Foucauldian Analysis

Prior research in corporate governance has extensively investigated the mechanisms through which a variety of actors (financial analysts, investment managers, shareholder activists) monitor and discipline corporate executives. However, one recently emerged actor has received little attention so far: the proxy advisory firm. Mobilising Foucault’s concept of disciplinary power, this study uses historical analysis to examine the role of proxy advisors in corporate governance. This article shows that proxy advisors actively contributed to developing and implementing disciplinary mechanisms. This involves (1) hierarchical observations of corporations and their executives on a global scale. These observations are made available to institutional investors on proxy advisors’ voting platforms which have Panopticon-like features; (2) normalisation of judgements through the provision of generic voting policies, generic voting recommendations and corporate governance ratings prepared by proxy advisors and delivered to many institutional investors; (3) ritualised examination of the performance of corporations and of their executives during the annual general meeting, including record-keeping of all past voting results.

Implementing NIDCAP training in a low-middle-income country: Comparing nurses and physicians' attitudes

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

pp. 105092

Author(s):

Lama Charafeddine ◽

Saadieh Masri ◽

Sima Fatima Sharafeddin ◽

Lina Kurdahi Badr

Keyword(s):

Middle Income Country ◽

Income Country ◽

Middle Income ◽

Nurses And Physicians

MP16: Quality of work life among nurses and physicians in Québec rural emergency departments

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2017.182 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (S1) ◽

pp. S70

Author(s):

R. Fleet ◽

G. Dupuis ◽

M. Mbakop-Nguebou ◽

P.M. Archambault ◽

J. Plant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Career Path ◽

Working Hours ◽

Small Towns ◽

Work Life ◽

Quality Of Work Life ◽

Recruitment And Retention ◽

Quality Of Work ◽

Nurses And Physicians

Introduction: Recruitment and retention of healthcare staff are difficult in rural communities. Poor quality of work life (QWL) may be an underling factor as rural healthcare professionals are often isolated and work with limited resources. However, QWL data on rural emergency (ED) staff is limited. We assessed QWL among nurses and physicians as part of an ongoing study on ED care in Québec. Methods: We selected EDs offering 24/7 medical coverage, with hospitalization beds, in rural or small towns (Stats Canada definition). Of Québec’s 26 rural EDs, 23 (88%) agreed to participate. The online Quality of Work Life Systemic Inventory (QWLSI, with 1 item per 34 “life domains”), was sent to all non-locum ED nurses and physicians (about 500 potential participants). The QWLSI is used for comparing QWL scores to those of a large international database. We present overall and subscale QWL scores as percentiles (PCTL) of scores in the large database, and comparisons of nurses’ and physicians’ scores (t test). Results: Thirty-three physicians and 84 nurses participated. Mean age was 39.8 years (SD=10.1): physicians=37 (7.7) and nurses=40.9 (10.7). Overall QWL scores for all were in the 32nd PCTL, i.e. low. Nurses were in the 28th PCTL and physicians in the 44nd (p>0.05). For both groups, QWL was below the 25th PCTL i.e. very low, for “sharing workload during absence of an employee”, “working equipment”, “flexibility of work schedule”, “impact of working hours on health”, “possibility of being absent for familial reasons”, “relations with employees”. The groups differed (p<0.05) on only two subscales: remuneration and career path. For remuneration, scores were similar on fringe benefits (nurses 22nd PCTL, physicians 32nd) and income security (nurses 72nd, physicians 74th), but differed on income level (nurses 74th, physicians 93rd). The groups differed on all 3 career path items: advancement possibilities (nurses 53th, physicians 91st), possibilities for transfer (nurses 51nd, physicians 84th) and continuing education (nurses 18th, physicians 49th). Conclusion: Overall QWL among rural ED staff is poor. Groups had similar QWL scores except on career path, with physicians perceiving better long-term prospects. Given difficulties in rural recruitment and retention, these findings suggest that QWL should be assessed in rural and urban EDs nationwide.

A Hygiene Experiment in Rural Bangladesh

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.2307/1389100 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 245-255

Author(s):

Kurshida Khanom ◽

Robert C. Leonard

Keyword(s):

Third World ◽

Sociological Theory ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Health Educators ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Graduate Curricula ◽

Nurses And Physicians ◽

Farming Families ◽

The Third World ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

A before-after-only health education experiment was conducted by a team of a dozen health educators, nurses, and physicians who were students and faculty of the National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM). The experiment ran several months with 162 Moslem farming families in one village. Changes in sanitation-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices were measured and correlated with social class. It is suggested that the most useful sociology in the Third World is: (a) basic general sociological theory including ecosystem as well as social system, (b) multimethological including participant –observation, survey, and field experiment methods. Implications are drawn for graduate curricula in light of the trend toward increasing enrollments from Third World countries.