scholarly journals SHR4z, a novel decoy effector from the haustorium of the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides, suppresses host plant immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 891-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Su ◽  
Hai Liu ◽  
Eric K. Wafula ◽  
Loren Honaas ◽  
Claude W. Pamphilis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides

scholarly journals Multiple immunity-related genes control susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9268
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Clarke ◽  
So-Yon Park ◽  
Robert Tuosto ◽  
Xiaoyan Jia ◽  
Amanda Yoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Hub Gene ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Host Genes ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Parasitic weeds represent a major threat to agricultural production across the world. Little is known about which host genetic pathways determine compatibility for any host–parasitic plant interaction. We developed a quantitative assay to characterize the growth of the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca on 46 mutant lines of the host plant Arabidopsis thaliana to identify host genes that are essential for susceptibility to the parasite. A. thaliana host plants with mutations in genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis/signaling or the negative regulation of plant immunity were less susceptible to P. aegyptiaca parasitization. In contrast, A. thaliana plants with a mutant allele of the putative immunity hub gene Pfd6 were more susceptible to parasitization. Additionally, quantitative PCR revealed that P. aegyptiaca parasitization leads to transcriptional reprograming of several hormone signaling pathways. While most tested A. thaliana lines were fully susceptible to P. aegyptiaca parasitization, this work revealed several host genes essential for full susceptibility or resistance to parasitism. Altering these pathways may be a viable approach for limiting host plant susceptibility to parasitism.

scholarly journals Multiple Candidate Effectors from the Oomycete Pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Suppress Host Plant Immunity

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e1002348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Fabro ◽  
Jens Steinbrenner ◽  
Mary Coates ◽  
Naveed Ishaque ◽  
Laura Baxter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Hyaloperonospora Arabidopsidis

HbLFG1, a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) lifeguard protein, can facilitate powdery mildew infection by regulating plant immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Sipeng Li ◽  
Yuhan Liu ◽  
Qiguang He ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Erysiphe Quercicola ◽  
Powdery Mildew Infection

Powdery mildew causes substantial losses in crop and economic plant yields worldwide. Although powdery mildew infection of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis), caused by the biotrophic fungus Erysiphe quercicola, severely threatens natural rubber production, little is known regarding the mechanism by which E. quercicola adapts to H. brasiliensis to invade the host plant. In barley and Arabidopsis thaliana, lifeguard (LFG) proteins, which have topological similarity to BAX INHIBITOR-1, are involved in host plant susceptibility to powdery mildew infection. In this study, we characterized an H. brasiliensis LFG protein, HbLFG1, with a focus on its function in regulating defence against powdery mildew. HbLFG1 gene expression was found to be upregulated during E. quercicola infection. HbLFG1 showed conserved functions in cell death inhibition and membrane localization. Expression of HbLFG1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and A. thaliana Col-0 was demonstrated to significantly suppress callose deposition induced by conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns chitin and flg22. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of HbLFG1 in H. brasiliensis mesophyll protoplasts significantly suppressed the chitin-induced burst of reactive oxygen species. Although A. thaliana Col-0 and E. quercicola displayed an incompatible interaction, Col-0 transformants overexpressing HbLFG1 were shown to be susceptible to E. quercicola. Collectively, the findings of this study provide evidence that HbLFG1 acts as a negative regulator of plant immunity that facilitates E. quercicola infection in H. brasiliensis.

scholarly journals Modulation of host plant immunity by Tobamovirus proteins

2016 ◽  
pp. mcw216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Conti ◽  
M. C. Rodriguez ◽  
A. L. Venturuzzi ◽  
S. Asurmendi
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Immunity

scholarly journals Screening of resistance to egyptian broomrape infection in tomato varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tokasi ◽  
M. Bannayan Aval ◽  
H.R. Mashhadi ◽  
Ali. Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Late Infection ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Orobanche Aegyptiaca

Parasitic weed species of the genus Orobanche are serious threat for the production of several crops in Europe, Africa and Asia. Research on resistant host plant varieties is one of the most effective management strategies for this parasitic weed. In this study, the susceptibility of twenty-nine tomato varieties to broomrape infection (Orobanche aegyptiaca) under greenhouse conditions was investigated. The employed experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. Differences in susceptibility to infection were monitored among tomato varieties based on their difference in the number of emerged shoots of broomrape and broomrape dry weight (shoots and tubercles). Date of Orobanche emergence varied over a period of 3 to 30 days between varieties. Very late infection was monitored for varieties of Cal-jN3, Viva, Caligen 86, Packmor, CSX 5013, Hyb. PS 6515 and Hyb Petopride5. Differences in the growth and fruit yield among tomato varieties were also found in response to broomrape infestation. Moderate levels of resistance were obtained in Viva, Caligen 86, Hyb. PS 6515, Hyb.Firenze (PS 8094) and Cal-jN3 among other tomato varieties. In contrast, varieties of Kimia-Falat, Hyb. Petopride II and Hyb.AP865 were the most susceptible hosts to Orobanche aegyptiaca.

scholarly journals Silencing of Mannitol Transporter Gene In Phelipanche Aegyptiaca Reduces The Parasite Development On The Host Root

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Bari ◽  
Jackline Abu Nassar ◽  
Radi Aly
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract Parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca, is an obligate plant parasite which causes severe damage to host crops. Agriculture crops mainly belong to Brassicaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae and Solanaceae plant families affected by this parasitic weed which leads to devastating loss to crops yield and economic growth. This root specific parasitic plant is not able to complete its life-cycle without a suitable host and is totally dependent on the host plant for organic nutrients. Therefore, flow of organic solute molecules towards parasites is essential for the survival of the parasitic weed and disturbance in this network modulated host-parasitic interaction, which induces resistance in host against these parasitic weeds. To develop host resistance to this parasitic weed, we silenced selected prominent genes associated with P. aegyptiaca using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) methods. Our results demonstrated that the total number of parasite tubercle attached to root of the host plant Nicotiana benthamiana significantly reduced upon silencing of P. aegyptiaca specific gene which encodes mannitol transporter, however silencing of other gene(s), have no significant effects. Thus, our study indicates that mannitol transport plays an important role in host-parasite interaction and silencing of this gene causes development of host resistance against this parasite.

scholarly journals The genome of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Lonardi ◽  
María Muñoz-Amatriaín ◽  
Qihua Liang ◽  
Shengqiang Shu ◽  
Steve I. Wanamaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

ABSTRACTCowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) is a major crop for worldwide food and nutritional security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, that is resilient to hot and drought-prone environments. A high-quality assembly of the single-haplotype inbred genome of cowpea IT97K-499-35 was developed by exploiting the synergies between single molecule real-time sequencing, optical and genetic mapping, and a novel assembly reconciliation algorithm. A total of 519 Mb is included in the assembled sequences. Nearly half of the assembled sequence is composed of repetitive elements, which are enriched within recombination-poor pericentromeric regions. A comparative analysis of these elements suggests that genome size differences between Vigna species are mainly attributable to changes in the amount of Gypsy retrotransposons. Conversely, genes are more abundant in more distal, high-recombination regions of the chromosomes; there appears to be more duplication of genes within the NBS-LRR and the SAUR-like auxin superfamilies compared to other warm-season legumes that have been sequenced. A surprising outcome of this study is the identification of a chromosomal inversion of 4.2 Mb among landraces and cultivars, which includes a gene that has been associated in other plants with interactions with the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides. The genome sequence also facilitated the identification of a putative syntelog for multiple organ gigantism in legumes. A new numbering system has been adopted for cowpea chromosomes based on synteny with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).

Advances in understanding plant root response to weedy root parasites

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
M. Fernández-Aparicio ◽  
◽  
D. Rubiales ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Root Response ◽  
Root Responses ◽  
Host Infection

This chapter addresses advances in understanding plant root responses to weedy root parasites. It begins by reviewing host-parasitic weed interactions, focusing specifically on seed dispersal and germination and the possibility of host infection as a consequence of germination. The chapter then moves on to discuss host plant pre-penetration and post-penetration defence mechanisms. It concludes by emphasising the importance of developing management strategies for parasitic weed management.

scholarly journals Farmers and Agricultural Extension Officers Perception ofStriga gesnerioides(Willd.) Vatke Parasitism on Cowpea in the Upper East Region of Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Peter Haruna ◽  
Aaron T. Asare ◽  
Elvis Asare-Bediako ◽  
Francis Kusi
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parasitic Weed ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
East Region ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
Almost All

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp] is an important food security crop in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, cowpea production in some parts of this region is constrained byStriga gesnerioides(Willd.) Vatke infestation resulting in yield losses. This study assessed the farmers and agricultural extension officers (AEOs) perception ofS. gesnerioidesparasitism on cowpea in the Upper East Region of Ghana. In all, 200 respondents—179 cowpea farmers and 21 AEOs—in five cowpea growing districts were randomly sampled to answer closed- and opened-ended questions coupled with visit to cowpea farms. Majority of the farmer respondents were males between the ages of 21 and 60 with very little or no formal education. Almost all of the respondents could identify the parasitic weed,S. gesnerioides,but they lacked adequate knowledge of the parasitic effects on the host, cowpea plant.S. gesnerioidesinfestation was widespread and devastating in almost all the fields surveyed. Its effects on the host plants (cowpea) included stunted growth, leaf senescence, chlorosis, death of the crop, and reduced yield. Different management strategies employed by the farmers to contain the spread of the parasite include weeding (90%), application of manure (5.5%), and crop rotation and fallowing (4.0%). Both farmers and extension officers had very little knowledge on existence ofS. gesnerioidesresistant cowpea genotypes for cultivation. Farmers expressed the desire to cultivateStriga-resistant cowpea varieties when made accessible, since it is the most reliable and environmentally friendly method of controlling the parasitic weed.

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