scholarly journals Climatic limits of temperate rainforest tree species are explained by xylem embolism resistance among angiosperms but not among conifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Laughlin ◽  
Sylvain Delzon ◽  
Michael J. Clearwater ◽  
Peter J. Bellingham ◽  
Matthew S. McGlone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Embolism Resistance

Prediction of temperate broadleaf tree species mortality in arid limestone habitats with stomatal safety margins

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1428-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Chen ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
Junwei Luan ◽  
Yongtao Zhang ◽  
Shidan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Broadleaf Tree ◽  
Embolism Resistance

Abstract A growing body of evidence highlights the occurrence of increased widespread tree mortality during climate change-associated severe droughts; however, in situ long-term drought experiments with multispecies communities for the prediction of tree mortality and exploration of related mechanisms are rather limited in natural environments. We conducted a 7-year afforestation trial with 20 drought-resistant broadleaf tree species in an arid limestone habitat in northern China, where the species displayed a broad range of survival rates. The stomatal and xylem hydraulic traits of all the species were measured. We found that species’ stomatal closure points were strongly related to their xylem embolism resistance and xylem minimum water potential but not to their survival rates. Hydraulic failure of the vascular system appeared to be the main cause of tree mortality, and the stomatal safety margin was a better predictor of tree mortality than the traditionally considered xylem embolism resistance and hydraulic safety margin. We recommend the stomatal safety margin as the indicator for predicting drought-induced tree mortality and for selecting tree species in future forest restorations in arid regions.

scholarly journals Is vulnerability segmentation at the leaf-stem transition a drought resistance mechanism? A theoretical test with a trait-based model for Neotropical canopy tree species

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Levionnois ◽  
Camille Ziegler ◽  
Patrick Heuret ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Clément Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Canopy Tree ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
Canopy Tree Species ◽  
Embolism Resistance

Abstract Key message Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stem. However, although it has been intensively investigated these past decades, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. Based on a trait-based model, this study theoretically supports that vulnerability segmentation enhances shoot desiccation time across 18 Neotropical tree species. Context Leaf-stem vulnerability segmentation predicts lower xylem embolism resistance in leaves than stems thereby preserving expensive organs such as branches or the trunk. Although vulnerability segmentation has been intensively investigated these past decades to test its consistency across species, the extent to which vulnerability segmentation promotes drought resistance is not well understood. Aims We investigated the theoretical impact of the degree of vulnerability segmentation on shoot desiccation time estimated with a simple trait-based model. Methods We combined data from 18 tropical rainforest canopy tree species on embolism resistance of stem xylem (flow-centrifugation technique) and leaves (optical visualisation method). Measured water loss under minimum leaf and bark conductance, leaf and stem capacitance, and leaf-to-bark area ratio allowed us to calculate a theoretical shoot desiccation time (tcrit). Results Large degrees of vulnerability segmentation strongly enhanced the theoretical shoot desiccation time, suggesting vulnerability segmentation to be an efficient drought resistance mechanism for half of the studied species. The difference between leaf and bark area, rather than the minimum leaf and bark conductance, determined the drastic reduction of total transpiration by segmentation during severe drought. Conclusion Our study strongly suggests that vulnerability segmentation is an important drought resistance mechanism that should be better taken into account when investigating plant drought resistance and modelling vegetation. We discuss future directions for improving model assumptions with empirical measures, such as changes in total shoot transpiration after leaf xylem embolism.

scholarly journals Pore constrictions in intervessel pit membranes provide a mechanistic explanation for xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 (5) ◽  
pp. 1829-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian Kaack ◽  
Matthias Weber ◽  
Emilie Isasa ◽  
Zohreh Karimi ◽  
Shan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Embolism Resistance

scholarly journals Diverging Responses of Two Subtropical Tree Species (Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata) to Heat Waves

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Luping Qu ◽  
Hans J. De Boeck ◽  
Huihua Fan ◽  
Gang Dong ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Schima Superba ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

The frequency and intensity of heat waves (HWs) has increased in subtropical regions in recent years. The mechanism underlying the HW response of subtropical trees remains unclear. In this study, we conducted an experiment with broad-leaved Schima superba (S. superba) and coniferous Cunninghamia lanceolata (C. lanceolata) seedlings to examine HW (5-day long) effects on stem water transport, leaf water use efficiency (WUE), morphology and growth, and to elucidate differences in the responses of both species. Our results indicated that HWs can significantly reduce hydraulic conductivity in both species. C. lanceolata experienced significant xylem embolism, with the percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) increasing by 40%, while S. superba showed a non-significant increase in PLC (+25%). Furthermore, HW also caused a reduction in photosynthesis rates (An), but transpiration rates (Tr) increased on the 5th day of the HW, together leading to a significant decrease in leaf WUE. From diurnal dynamics, we observed that the HW caused significant decrease of S. superba An only in the morning, but nearly the all day for C. lanceolata. During the morning, with a high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) environment, the HW increased Tr, which contributed a lot to latently cooling the foliage. In comparing the two tree species, we found that HW effects on S. superba were mostly short-term, with leaf senescence but limited or no xylem embolism. The surviving S. superba recovered rapidly, forming new branches and leaves, aided by their extensive root systems. For C. lanceolata, continued seedling growth initially but with subsequent xylem embolism and withering of shoots, led to stunted recovery and regrowth. In conclusion, apart from the direct thermal impacts caused by HW, drought stress was the main cause of significant negative effects on plant water transport and the photosynthetic system. Furthermore, S. superba and C. lanceolata showed clearly different responses to HW, which implies that the response mechanisms of broad-leaved and coniferous tree species to climate change can differ.

scholarly journals Testing the plant pneumatic method to estimate xylem embolism resistance in stems of temperate trees

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1016-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Laurent J Lamarque ◽  
José M Torres-Ruiz ◽  
Bernhard Schuldt ◽  
Zohreh Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Embolism Resistance ◽  
Pneumatic Method

scholarly journals A Leaf Selfie: Using a Smartphone to Quantify Leaf Vulnerability to Hydraulic Dysfunction

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Petruzzellis ◽  
Martina Tomasella ◽  
Andrea Miotto ◽  
Sara Natale ◽  
Patrizia Trifilò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Simple Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ostrya Carpinifolia

Accurate predictions of species distribution under current and future climate conditions require modeling efforts based on clear mechanistic relationships between climate variables and plant physiological functions. Vulnerability of leaves to xylem embolism is a key mechanistic trait that might be included in these modeling efforts. Here, we propose a simple set-up to measure leaf vulnerability to embolism on the basis of the optical method using a smartphone, a light source, and a notebook. Our data show that this proposed set-up can adequately quantify the vulnerability to xylem embolism of leaf major veins in Populus nigra and Ostrya carpinifolia, producing values consistent with those obtained in temperate tree species with other methods, allowing virtually any laboratory to quantify species-specific drought tolerance on the basis of a sound mechanistic trait.

Flood Resistance of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii From Riparian Warm Temperate Rain-Forest in Victoria

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Melick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Temperate Rainforest ◽  
Flood Resistance ◽  
Temperate Rain Forest ◽  
Warm Temperate

The responses of seedlings of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii, two important tree species in riparian warm temperate rainforest communities in Victoria, are investigated in relation to flood disturbances. Freshly germinated A. smithii seedlings had died within 5 weeks of complete waterlogging in the greenhouse, and although the young T. laurina seedlings survived waterlogging for 14 weeks, their growth rate was curtailed. Nine-month-old seedlings of both species were found to be relatively tolerant to waterlogging, forming aerenchymatous surface roots after 40 days of flooding. Neither species suffered leaf abscission or demonstrated any other signs of water stress commonly associated with flood intolerant species. In experiments to determine the resilience of these species to physical flood damage, both species also demonstrated a capacity to regenerate vegetatively following the removal of above ground parts in young seedlings. The heartwood of T. laurina was found to be more decay resistant than that of other species in the field including that of A. smithii. The significance of these results are discussed in relation to other factors examined in earlier papers adding to the understanding of the ecological status of these species within the riparian rainforest communities.

The Pneumatron estimates xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms based on gas diffusion kinetics: a mini-review

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
S. Jansen ◽  
X. Guan ◽  
L. Kaack ◽  
C. Trabi ◽  
M.T. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Kinetics ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Embolism Resistance

Respiration characteristics in temperate rainforest tree species differ along a long-term soil-development chronosequence

Oecologia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Turnbull ◽  
David T. Tissue ◽  
Kevin L. Griffin ◽  
Sarah J. Richardson ◽  
Duane A. Peltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Temperate Rainforest
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