Dynamic roles and intricate mechanisms of ethylene in epidermal hair development in Arabidopsis and cotton

As cell wall proteins, the hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) take part in plant growth and various developmental processes. To fulfil their functions, HRGPs, extensins (EXTs) in particular, undergo the hydroxylation of proline by the prolyl-4-hydroxylases. The activity of these enzymes can be inhibited with 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (3,4-DHP), which enables its application to reveal the functions of the HRGPs. Thus, to study the involvement of HRGPs in the development of root hairs and roots, we treated seedlings of Brachypodium distachyon with 250 µM, 500 µM, and 750 µM of 3,4-DHP. The histological observations showed that the root epidermis cells and the cortex cells beneath them ruptured. The immunostaining experiments using the JIM20 antibody, which recognizes the EXT epitopes, demonstrated the higher abundance of this epitope in the control compared to the treated samples. The transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed morphological and ultrastructural features that are typical for the vacuolar-type of cell death. Using the TUNEL test (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling), we showed an increase in the number of nuclei with damaged DNA in the roots that had been treated with 3,4-DHP compared to the control. Finally, an analysis of two metacaspases’ gene activity revealed an increase in their expression in the treated roots. Altogether, our results show that inhibiting the prolyl-4-hydroxylases with 3,4-DHP results in a vacuolar-type of cell death in roots, thereby highlighting the important role of HRGPs in root hair development and root growth.

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The Histone Chaperone NRP1 Interacts with WEREWOLF to Activate GLABRA2 in Arabidopsis Root Hair Development

The Plant Cell ◽

10.1105/tpc.16.00719 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 260-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yan Zhu ◽

Liang Rong ◽

Qiang Luo ◽

Baihui Wang ◽

Nana Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Hair ◽

Histone Chaperone ◽

Arabidopsis Root ◽

Root Hair Development ◽

Hair Development

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Control of root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana by an endoplasmic reticulum anchored member of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor family

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04602.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 395-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Erin Slabaugh ◽

Michael Held ◽

Federica Brandizzi

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Root Hair ◽

Myb Transcription Factor ◽

Transcription Factor Family ◽

Root Hair Development ◽

Hair Development ◽

R2r3 Myb

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The Ca2+-binding protein PCaP2 located on the plasma membrane is involved in root hair development as a possible signal transducer

The Plant Journal ◽

10.1111/tpj.12155 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 690-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Mariko Kato ◽

Takashi Aoyama ◽

Masayoshi Maeshima

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Root Hair ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Signal Transducer ◽

Root Hair Development ◽

Hair Development

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A novel gene LbHLH from the halophyte Limonium bicolor enhances salt tolerance via reducing root hair development and enhancing osmotic resistance

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03094-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xi Wang ◽

Yingli Zhou ◽

Yanyu Xu ◽

Baoshan Wang ◽

Fang Yuan

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Root Hair ◽

Salt Gland ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

35S Promoter ◽

Osmotic Resistance ◽

Salt Glands ◽

Limonium Bicolor ◽

Root Hair Development ◽

Hair Development

Abstract Background Identifying genes involved in salt tolerance in the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor could facilitate the breeding of crops with enhanced salt tolerance. Here we cloned the previously uncharacterized gene LbHLH and explored its role in salt tolerance. Results The 2,067-bp open reading frame of LbHLH encodes a 688-amino-acid protein with a typical helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain. In situ hybridization showed that LbHLH is expressed in salt glands of L. bicolor. LbHLH localizes to the nucleus, and LbHLH is highly expressed during salt gland development and in response to NaCl treatment. To further explore its function, we heterologously expressed LbHLH in Arabidopsis thaliana under the 35S promoter. The overexpression lines showed significantly increased trichome number and reduced root hair number. LbHLH might interact with GLABRA1 to influence trichome and root hair development, as revealed by yeast two-hybrid analysis. The transgenic lines showed higher germination percentages and longer roots than the wild type under NaCl treatment. Analysis of seedlings grown on medium containing sorbitol with the same osmotic pressure as 100 mM NaCl demonstrated that overexpressing LbHLH enhanced osmotic resistance. Conclusion These results indicate that LbHLH enhances salt tolerance by reducing root hair development and enhancing osmotic resistance under NaCl stress.

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The Transplantation of Individual Rat and Guinea-pig Whisker Papillae

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.9.1.117 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 117-127

Author(s):

J. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Dermal Papilla ◽

Successful Transplantation ◽

Hair Development

Previous work on the pigmentation and transplantation of hair and skin has been performed mainly on gross skin areas (e.g. Billingham & Medawar, 1950; Ebling & Johnson, 1959; Rawles, 1955) and several studies have been concerned with the histological appearances of various stages in hair development, sometimes correlated with the effects of chemical or physical agents (e.g. Chase, 1955; Chase, Rauch & Smith, 1951). So far there have been no reports of successful transplantation of individual hair papillae, although several authors have considered this to be a possibility (e.g. Billingham, 1958). Lillie & Wang (1941, 1944) showed that a feather papilla may produce generations of feathers after transplantation to another follicle, and that the feathers produced from a transplanted papilla containing both dermal and epidermal components (‘whole papilla’) are of donor tract structure and colour; feathers produced from local ectoderm under the influence of a transplanted dermal papilla are of host tract structure and colour.

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Comparing adolescent self staging of pubertal development with hormone biomarkers

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2021-0366 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nana-Hawa Yayah Jones ◽

Jane C. Khoury ◽

Yingying Xu ◽

Nicholas Newman ◽

Heidi J. Kalkwarf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Least Squares ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Pubic Hair ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Physical Examinations ◽

Environment Study ◽

Hair Development ◽

Stage 1 ◽

Self Examination

Abstract Objectives Physical examinations to characterize pubertal maturation may be unacceptable for children enrolled in research studies. Studies confirm the utility of pubertal self staging for research, but there has been limited comparison of self examination with hormone biomarkers. Our objective was to assess concordance of pubertal self staging with hormone biomarkers of puberty. Methods Participants were enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort study. At age 12 years, 139 females and 112 males completed pubertal self staging including breast and pubic hair development in females and pubic hair development in males. No clinical physical examination was performed. Hormone concentrations were measured in 102 females and 96 males including serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in all; estradiol in females; and testosterone in males. Results Estradiol was significantly associated with female breast stage, even when adjusted for BMI, with geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 13.2 (8.7, 20.2), 38.3 (29.9, 49.1), 59.4 (39.8, 88.6), and 81.2 (45.6, 144) pg/mL for breast stage 1–2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Testosterone was significantly associated with male pubic hair stage, with adjusted geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 37.6 (19.9, 71.1), 43.4 (27.7, 68.3), 126 (78.4, 203), 275 (146, 521), and 559 (237, 1319) ng/dL for pubic hair stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusions Self assessed pubertal development was positively associated with hormonal biomarkers of puberty.

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