The underlying trend of OPEC energy intensity and the environmental implications

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

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Structural Transformation of Punjab Agriculture and its Environmental Implications

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/20036 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 533-546

Keyword(s):

Structural Transformation ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cropping Pattern ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Question Mark ◽

Sustainability Issue ◽

Economic Survey

As per Economic Survey of Punjab, (2019-20), Punjab alone contributed more than 1/4 and 1/3 of the central pool of rice and th rd wheat respectively in 2018-19 and accordingly named as bread-basket of India. However, such a huge contribution was due to the structural transformation of agriculture in Punjab under the Green Revolution. Such transformation leads to intensive use of natural resources with mono-culture of wheat-paddy till today, which put a big question mark on the sustainability issue of agriculture in Punjab. The present study was exclusively based on secondary data, covering the period of 1965-66 to 2018-2019, almost 55 years. Hirschman Herfindhal index and Simpson Diversity index were used to determine the extent of concentration and diversification in the cropping pattern of Punjab agriculture. The results highlight the facts that level of diversification was declining and the level of concentration was increasing. Moreover, Compound Growth Rate (CGR) of yield was either stagnating or declining over the years. Not only this, based on the index of agriculture production, the trend values were negative since the 21 century. Accordingly, st intensive agricultural practices should be stopped, and diversification should get priority in such a way that food security is not jeopardized.

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ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION OF THE DENGJIA LOESS SECTION, CENTRAL HENAN AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1140.2011.02129 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Ruixia YANG ◽

Zhifei LI ◽

Li ZHANG ◽

Peng LU ◽

Hongli GAO

Keyword(s):

Environmental Implications

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Research on the Economic Organization Environmental Impact

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.3.5509 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 599-601

Author(s):

Dan Paul Stefanescu ◽

Oana Roxana Chivu ◽

Claudiu Babis ◽

Augustin Semenescu ◽

Alina Gligor

Keyword(s):

Economic Activity ◽

Economic Organization ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Wide Range ◽

Material Environment ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Harmful Effects

Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.

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