PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

scholarly journals RENEWABLE ENERGY: WORLD DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Zaharii ◽  
Tamila Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The World

The article considers the trends in the development of renewable energy in the world and in Ukraine. It is proved that renewable energy is an important and promising energy sector in the world. It is shown that at the present stage of development, all civilized countries are developing their economies through the use of renewable energy sources, which are gradually displacing the old power plants using exhaustive fossil fuels, which pollute the atmosphere. The history of renewable energy development is revealed. The investment attractiveness of this energy sector in the countries of the world is characterized. On the basis of statistical data and preliminary studies of scientists, modern structural changes in the investment market of renewable energy in the world were evaluated. It is shown that Ukraine is part of European dozens of investments in green energy. The volume of supply of primary energy in the world and Europe, the power of renewable energy in leaders, regions of the world and Ukraine is presented. A review of the current state of renewable energy in developed countries and Ukraine has been carried out. Quantitative characteristics for different renewable energy sectors are analyzed: hydro, solar and wind power and other. Examples of the largest solar, hydroelectric power plants on the planet and Ukraine are given. It is shown that in the countries of the world and Ukraine there is a powerful potential and there is a positive tendency to more intensive use of renewable energy sources. It has been found that in 2020, for the first time in history, the share of RES in the structure of electricity in Europe has exceeded the proportion of fossil fuels due to the expansion of energy from the sun and the sun. The development of renewable energy in the planet also promotes the introduction in many countries and in Ukraine "Green Tariffs" and "Green" for electricity. It is positive that Ukraine has joined the European Energy Community and undertaken a joint regulatory policy with EU countries, develop and implement measures for renewable energy in the country. The prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in the countries of the world and Ukraine are determined.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Properties of Small Diameter Wild Acacia mangium Species as Potential Biomass Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
Razak Wahab ◽  
Puad Elham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Particle Sizes

Currently, the primary energy supply in Malaysia is dominant by non-renewable energy sources such oil, natural gas and coal which contributed to the scarcity of these sources and occurrence of global warming. This phenomenon raises the public concerns to diversify the energy sources to sustain energy availability. To address these predicaments, biomass sources is among the prominent alternative energy sources since it is renewable and possesses minimal harms to the environment. Thus, the woody plant with high growth rate and high energy content that can be used to serve as potential biomass energy sources. In this study, small diameter (5-8cm) of wild Acacia mangium species have been determined and compared accordingly three (3) different portions (bottom, middle and top) and two (2) different particle sizes (0.5 and 1.5mm). The analysis conducted to determine the properties of raw material of Acacia mangium as biomass energy sources were proximate, physical and energy content properties. The result obtained for the energy content analysis of small diameter wild Acacia mangium has a mean calorific value range from 16.35 to 18.35MJ/kg between portions and particle sizes. In order to determine the effect of portions and particle sizes on each of the proximate, physical and energy content properties, two-way ANOVA was performed. It shows that both the portions and particle sizes have significant effect on calorific value (energy content) of small diameter wild Acacia mangium at 99% of confidence level. In a nutshell, the biomass energy properties of small diameter wild Acacia mangium with different portions and particle sizes were being determined.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency in Serbia national energy efficiency program: Strategy and priorities for the future

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Oka ◽  
Aleksandar Sedmak ◽  
Maja Djurovic-Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Energy Chain

Energy system in Serbia, in the whole energy chain, from exploitation of primary energy sources, transformations in electric power plants and district heating plants, energy (electric and heat) transmission and distribution to final users, and up to final energy consumption, is faced with a number of irrational and inefficient behavior and processes. In order to fight with such situation National Energy Efficiency Program, financed by the Ministry of Science and Environmental Protection has been founded in 2001. Basic facts about status of energy sector in Serbia, with special emphasis on the energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources have been given in the review paper published in the issue No. 2, 2006 of this journal. In present paper new strategy and priorities of the National Energy Efficiency Program for the future period from 2006 to 2008, and beyond, is presented. This strategy and priorities are mainly based on the same concept and principles as previous, but new reality and new and more simulative economic and financial environment in energy sector made by the Energy low (accepted by Parliament in 2004) and Strategy of Development of Energy Sector in Republic Serbia up to 2015 (accepted by the Parliament in May 2005), have been taken into account. Also, responsibilities that are formulated in the Energy Community Treaty signed by the South-East European countries, and also coming from documents and directives of the European Community and Kyoto Protocol are included in new strategy. Once again necessity of legislative framework and influence of regulations and standards, as well as of the governmental support, has been pointed out if increased energy efficiency and increased use of renewable energy sources are expected. .

scholarly journals Innovation and modernization of the Russian energy sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Wadim Strielkowski ◽  
Gordon Rausser ◽  
Oksana Takhumova
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources

Russian energy sector is suffering from the economic, financial, and political sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union. These sanctions have prevented Russia from accessing oil and gas resources and from exporting natural gas. Low oil prices, combined with sanctions against Russia, can be blamed as a possible cause of Russia’s collapse as an energy producer and consumer. However, the country is struggling to modernize its energy balance. Specifically, Russia’s major modernisation efforts have focused on the energy sector and related industries and services. In support of economic growth and social development, the 2003 Energy Strategy made substantial investments in energy infrastructure, such as the construction of new power stations, transmission lines and power plants. This paper focuses on the recent innovation and modernization trends of the Russian energy sector. It discusses the history and the developments in this sector up to this day, provides some insights into modernization efforts of the sector and describes the perspectives for the deployment of the renewable energy sources.

WIND-DIESEL INSTALLATIONS FOR ISOLATED FAR NORTH AREAS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александр Григорьевич Комков ◽  
Александр Константинович Сокольский
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Far North ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Solar Power Plants

В статье рассмотрено современное состояние энергоснабжения и перспективы развития альтернативных источников энергии на территории Крайнего Севера. Отмечено, что несмотря на острую потребность во внедрении возобновляемых источников энергии, установленные мощности всех ветряных и солнечных электростанций в регионе не превышают 7-8 МВт. Также в работе рассчитаны технический и экономический потенциал ветровой энергии региона, на основании которых подобрана наиболее эффективная установка. The article discusses the current state of energy supply and the prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in the Far North. It is noted that despite the urgent need for the introduction of renewable energy sources, the installed capacities of all wind and solar power plants in the region do not exceed 7-8 MW. Also, the technical and economic potential of the region’s wind energy was calculated based on which the most efficient installation was selected.

scholarly journals Analyzing Trade in Continuous Intra-Day Electricity Market: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3860
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shinde ◽  
Ioannis Boukas ◽  
David Radu ◽  
Miguel Manuel de Manuel de Villena ◽  
Mikael Amelin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Agent Based

In recent years, the vast penetration of renewable energy sources has introduced a large degree of uncertainty into the power system, thus leading to increased trading activity in the continuous intra-day electricity market. In this paper, we propose an agent-based modeling framework to analyze the behavior and the interactions between renewable energy sources, consumers and thermal power plants in the European Continuous Intra-day (CID) market. Additionally, we propose a novel adaptive trading strategy that can be used by the agents that participate in CID market. The agents learn how to adapt their behavior according to the arrival of new information and how to react to changing market conditions by updating their willingness to trade. A comparative analysis was performed to study the behavior of agents when they adopt the proposed strategy as opposed to other benchmark strategies. The effects of unexpected outages and information asymmetry on the market evolution and the market liquidity were also investigated.

scholarly journals Sizing and Management of Energy Storage Systems in Large-Scale Power Plants Using Price Control and Artificial Intelligence

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3296
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Santacruz ◽  
Luis Galván ◽  
Juan M. Carrasco ◽  
Eduardo Galván
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Electric System ◽  
Fundamental Part

Energy storage systems are expected to play a fundamental part in the integration of increasing renewable energy sources into the electric system. They are already used in power plants for different purposes, such as absorbing the effect of intermittent energy sources or providing ancillary services. For this reason, it is imperative to research managing and sizing methods that make power plants with storage viable and profitable projects. In this paper, a managing method is presented, where particle swarm optimisation is used to reach maximum profits. This method is compared to expert systems, proving that the former achieves better results, while respecting similar rules. The paper further presents a sizing method which uses the previous one to make the power plant as profitable as possible. Finally, both methods are tested through simulations to show their potential.

Strategic planning of renewable energy sources implementation following the country-wide goals of energy sector development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Khalyasmaa ◽  
Stanislav Eroshenko ◽  
Andrey Bramm ◽  
Duc Chung Tran ◽  
Piepur Chakravarthi Teja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources

Surface overgrowth on gold nanoparticles modulating high-energy facets for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Choi ◽  
Joon Woo Park ◽  
Woonghyeon Park ◽  
Yousung Jung ◽  
Hyunjoon Song
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Chemical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Electrochemical Co2 Reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has been considered one of the potential technologies to store electricity from renewable energy sources into chemical energy. For this aim, designing catalysts with high...

Power Cycles of Generation III and III+ Nuclear Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Pavel Kirillov ◽  
Romney Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

It is well known that the electrical-power generation is the key factor for advances in any other industries, agriculture and level of living. In general, electrical energy can be generated by: 1) non-renewable-energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear; and 2) renewable-energy sources such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and marine. However, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: 1) thermal - primary coal and secondary natural gas; 2) “large” hydro and 3) nuclear. The rest of the energy sources might have visible impact just in some countries. Modern advanced thermal power plants have reached very high thermal efficiencies (55–62%). In spite of that they are still the largest emitters of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Due to that, reliable non-fossil-fuel energy generation, such as nuclear power, becomes more and more attractive. However, current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are way behind by thermal efficiency (30–42%) compared to that of advanced thermal power plants. Therefore, it is important to consider various ways to enhance thermal efficiency of NPPs. The paper presents comparison of thermodynamic cycles and layouts of modern NPPs and discusses ways to improve their thermal efficiencies.

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