Comparison of intravenous and oral administration of acetaminophen in adults undergoing general anesthesia

To test the effect of insulin treatment on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan (DMIA rats). The following results were reported from other studies. Metformin was metabolized via hepatic CYP2C11, 2D1, and 3A1/2 in rats. In DMIA rats, the protein expression and mRNA levels of hepatic CYP2C11 and 3A1/2 decreased and increased, respectively. In rat model of diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin, the protein expression of hepatic CYP2D1 was not changed. The increase in hepatic CYP1A2, 2B1, and 2E1, and decrease in hepatic CYP2C11 in DMIA rats was returned to the controls by insulin treatment. METHODS. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was administered intravenously and orally to the control rats, DMIA rats, and DMIA rats with insulin treatment for 3 weeks (DMIA rats with insulin). RESULTS. After intravenous administration of metformin to the DMIA rats, the CLR and CLNR of the drug were significantly slower than the controls. After oral administration of metformin to the DMIA rats, the AUC of the drug was also significantly greater than the controls. After intravenous administration of metformin to the DMIA rats with insulin, the significantly slower CLNR of the drug in the DMIA rats was returned to the controls. The altered pharmacokinetic indices observed following intravenous and oral administration of metformin to DMIA rats returned to the control values in the DMIA rats with insulin. CONCLUSIONS. The significantly slower CLNR of metformin in the DMIA rats could be due to the decrease in hepatic CYP2C11 than the controls. The comparable CLNR of metformin between the DMIA rats with insulin and the control rats could be due to restoration of hepatic CYP enzyme changes in DMIA rats to the controls.

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Phenylbutazone blood and urine concentrations, pharmacokinetics, and effects on biomarkers of inflammation in horses following intravenous and oral administration of clinical doses

Drug Testing and Analysis ◽

10.1002/dta.2553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 792-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Heather K. Knych ◽

Rick M. Arthur ◽

Dan S. McKemie ◽

Kelsey Seminoff ◽

Briana Hamamoto‐Hardman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Urine Concentrations ◽

Intravenous And Oral Administration

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WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular, intravenous and oral administration of tranexamic acid in women giving birth by caesarean section

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16884.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 157

Author(s):

Monica Arribas ◽

Ian Roberts ◽

Rizwana Chaudhri ◽

Amber Geer ◽

Danielle Prowse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Tranexamic Acid ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Oral Solution ◽

Adult Women ◽

Intravenous And Oral Administration

Background: Intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) within 3 hours of birth significantly reduces death due to bleeding in women with postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Most PPH deaths occur in the first hours after giving birth and treatment delay decreases survival. One barrier to rapid TXA treatment is the need for intravenous injection. Intramuscular injection and oral solution of TXA would be easier and faster to administer and would require less training. However, the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and safety of TXA administered by different routes in pregnant women have not been established. The main aim of this study is to ascertain whether IM and oral solution of TXA will be absorbed at levels sufficient to inhibit fibrinolysis in pregnant women. Methods: WOMAN-PharmacoTXA is a prospective, randomised, open label trial to be conducted in Zambia and Pakistan. Adult women undergoing caesarean section with at least one risk factor for PPH will be included. Women will be randomised to receive one of the following about 1 hour prior to caesarean section: 1-gram TXA IV, 1-gram TXA IM, 4-grams TXA oral solution or no TXA. Randomisation will continue until 120 participants with at least six post randomisation PK samples are included. TXA concentration in maternal blood samples will be measured at baseline and at different time points during 24 hours after receipt of intervention. Blood TXA concentration will be measured from the umbilical cord and neonate. The primary endpoint is maternal blood TXA concentrations over time. Secondary outcomes include umbilical cord and neonate TXA concentration D-dimer concentration, blood loss and clinical diagnosis of PPH, injection site reactions and maternal and neonate adverse events. Discussion: The WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial will provide important data on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of TXA after IV, intramuscular and oral administration in women giving birth by caesarean section. Trial registration: ClincalTrials.gov, NCT04274335 (18/02/2020).

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NITROGEN STORAGE FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS AND ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF CASEIN HYDROLYSATE TO INFANTS WITH ACUTE GASTRO-INTESTINAL DISTURBANCE 1

Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1172/jci101391 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 257-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Alfred T. Shohl

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Nitrogen Storage ◽

Intravenous And Oral Administration

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Pharmacokinetics of furosemide in man after intravenous and oral administration. Application of moment analysis

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/bf00630286 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 197-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

M. M. Hammarlund ◽

L. K. Paalzow ◽

B. Odlind

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Moment Analysis ◽

Intravenous And Oral Administration

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Nimodipine in the Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

DICP ◽

10.1177/106002808902300602 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 451-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sally Usdin Yasuda ◽

Karen J. Tietze

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Calcium Channel Antagonist ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Oral Bioavailability ◽

Half Life ◽

Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽

Vasodilatory Effect ◽

Intravenous And Oral Administration

Nimodipine, a calcium-channel antagonist with a relatively selective vasodilatory effect on cerebral blood vessels, has recently been approved for improvement of neurologic deficits due to spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nimodipine has low oral bioavailability (2.7–27.9 percent), a short half-life (2 h), is highly protein bound (98–99 percent), and is hepatically metabolized. Clinical studies have evaluated topical, intravenous, and oral administration of nimodipine for the treatment of cerebral artery spasm associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. These studies document some benefit of the drug in reducing the occurrence of severe neurologic deficit, although this effect is not universal. Few adverse effects have been noted. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic characteristics, the appropriate dose and route of administration, adverse effects, drug interactions, and the therapeutic efficacy of nimodipine before routine use can be recommended.

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