scholarly journals CTP synthase is essential for early endosperm development by regulating nuclei spacing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmi Yoon ◽  
Lae‐Hyeon Cho ◽  
Sung‐Ryul Kim ◽  
Win Tun ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Ctp Synthase

The integration of mutant loci affecting maize endosperm development in a dense genetic map using an AFLP-based procedure

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Pasini ◽  
Maria Rosaria Stile ◽  
Enrico Puja ◽  
Rita Valsecchi ◽  
Priscilla Francia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Map ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Maize Endosperm

scholarly journals The AGL62 MADS Domain Protein Regulates Cellularization during Endosperm Development in Arabidopsis

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Ho Kang ◽  
Joshua G. Steffen ◽  
Michael F. Portereiko ◽  
Alan Lloyd ◽  
Gary N. Drews
Keyword(s):  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Domain Protein

scholarly journals Arabidopsis ETHE1 Encodes a Sulfur Dioxygenase That Is Essential for Embryo and Endosperm Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan M. Holdorf ◽  
Heather A. Owen ◽  
Sarah Rhee Lieber ◽  
Li Yuan ◽  
Nicole Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endosperm Development

Microtubular configurations during endosperm development in Phaseolus vulgaris

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. XuHan ◽  
A. A. M. Van Lammeren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Related Cell ◽  
Cellular Endosperm ◽  
Cell Shaping

Microtubular cytoskeletons in nuclear, alveolar, and cellular endosperm of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were analyzed immunocytochemically and by electron microscopy to reveal their function during cellularization. Nuclear endosperm showed a fine network of microtubules between the wide-spaced nuclei observed towards the chalazal pole. Near the embryo, where nuclei were densely packed, bundles of microtubules radiated from nuclei. They were formed just before alveolus formation and functioned in spacing nuclei and in forming internuclear, phragmoplast-like structures that gave rise to nonmitosis-related cell plates. During alveolus formation cell plates extended and fused with other newly formed walls, thus forming the walls of alveoli. Growing wall edges of cell plates exhibited arrays of microtubules perpendicular to the plane of the wall, initially. When two growing walls were about to fuse, microtubules of both walls interacted, and because of the interaction of microtubules, the cell walls changed their position. When a growing wall was about to fuse with an already existing wall, such interactions between microtubules were not observed. It is therefore concluded that interactions of microtubules of fusing walls influence shape and position of walls. Thus microtubules control the dynamics of cell wall positioning and initial cell shaping. Key words: cell wall, cellularization, endosperm, microtubule, Phaseolus vulgaris.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Activation of Quiescent Uq Transposable Elements during Endosperm Development in Zea Mays.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-464
Author(s):  
Y B Pan ◽  
P A Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Element System ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Sufficient Stimulus

Abstract This study addresses the question of the activation of quiescent transposable elements in maize breeding lines. The a-ruq reporter allele of the Uq transposable element system expresses Uq activity (spots or sectors of spots in otherwise colorless aleurone tissue) when exposed to various genotypes of assorted maize inbred lines lacking any active Uq element. This activation of quiescent Uq elements occurs randomly during the growth of the endosperm. It is concluded that there are components in the genome that enhance the rare activation of quiescent Uq elements. Further, it seems that this activation occurs in the absence of any stress-inducing treatment, but that normal growth conditions provide sufficient stimulus for such activation.

scholarly journals The identification of type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of an endosperm-specific invertase inhibitor in Arabidopsis

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Hoffmann ◽  
Xiuling Shi ◽  
Chuan-Yu Hsu ◽  
Aakilah Brown ◽  
Quintera Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Promoter Deletion ◽  
Enhancer Region

Abstract Background Nuclear endosperm development is a common mechanism among Angiosperms, including Arabidopsis. During nuclear development, the endosperm nuclei divide rapidly after fertilization without cytokinesis to enter the syncytial phase, which is then followed by the cellularized phase. The endosperm can be divided into three spatial domains with distinct functions: the micropylar, peripheral, and chalazal domains. Previously, we identified two putative small invertase inhibitors, InvINH1 and InvINH2, that are specifically expressed in the micropylar region of the syncytial endosperm. In addition, ectopically expressing InvINH1 in the cellularized endosperm led to a reduction in embryo growth rate. However, it is not clear what are the upstream regulators responsible for the specific expression of InvINHs in the syncytial endosperm. Results Using protoplast transient expression system, we discovered that a group of type I MADS box transcription factors can form dimers to activate InvINH1 promoter. Promoter deletion assays carried out in the protoplast system revealed the presence of an enhancer region in InvINH1 promoter, which contains several consensus cis-elements for the MADS box proteins. Using promoter deletion assay in planta, we further demonstrated that this enhancer region is required for InvINH1 expression in the syncytial endosperm. One of the MADS box genes, AGL62, is a key transcription factor required for syncytial endosperm development. Using promoter-GFP reporter assay, we demonstrated that InvINH1 and InvINH2 are not expressed in agl62 mutant seeds. Collectively, our data supports the role of AGL62 and other type I MADS box genes as the upstream activators of InvINHs expression in the syncytial endosperm. Conclusions Our findings revealed several type I MADS box genes that are responsible for activating InvINH1 in the syncytial endosperm, which in turn regulates embryo growth rate during early stage of seed development.

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