Independent selection for seed free tryptophan content and vernalization response in chickpea domestication

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth P. van-Oss ◽  
Avi Gopher ◽  
Zohar Kerem ◽  
Zvi Peleg ◽  
Simcha Lev-Yadun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Selection For

Determination Of Tryptophan Content In Infant Formulas And Medical Nutritionals

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul E Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey H Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Standard ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Tryptophan Content

Abstract A method was developed for determination of total tryptophan content in soy- and milk-based nutritional products. The method uses enzymatic (pronase) digestion of the protein to release tryptophan, which is separated and quantitated by isocratic reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Enzymatic digestion is completed for products containing these types of proteins in less than 6 h and is accomplished under chemically mild conditions (pH 8.5,50°C), which do not significantly degrade tryptophan. Chromatographic separation is complete in about 8 min, including an internal standard. The precision of the method is 1-2% relative standard deviation. Accuracy is demonstrated by agreement with theoretical values for standard proteins (amino acid sequence known) and by quantitative recoveries of overspikes, which use either free tryptophan or a standard protein as the spiking material. The method allows determinations on samples containing a wide range of tryptophan values. Appropriate sample size selection and verification of digestion time requirements should allow the method to be applied to different protein types as well. The method allows 24 h turnaround of tryptophan analyses, and quantitative recoveries represent a significant improvement on existing techniques applied to infant formulas and other nutritional products.

Effect of Ration Composition and Protein Level on Plasma Free Tryptophan and Ruminal Microbial Tryptophan Content in Sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Fenderson ◽  
W. G. Bergen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Ration Composition

Inheritance of vernalization response in three populations of spring wheat

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Vrn Genes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Made In

Vernalization responses are known to differ among spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Three crosses were made to determine the inheritance of vernalization response in the spring wheat cultivars Cajeme 71, Yecora 70, Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa. Segregation analyses of days to anthesis were made of the F2 generation in a growth room (25/15 °C, 16/8 h). Segregation analysis of the F3 generation was made in a summer greenhouse. Reciprocal crosses between Neepawa and Pitic 62 indicated an early/late/transgressively late ratio of 12:3:1 in the F2 generation. The F3 generation results fitted an early/late/transgressively late/segregating ratio of 4:1:1:10. Based on the segregation of transgressively late types from both crosses, it was concluded that the genes for spring habit in Pitic 62 and Neepawa were different and not maternally inherited. The Glenlea/Pitic 62 cross produced one transgressively late segregant in an F2 population of 97 plants. The data fitted an early/late/transgressively late ratio of 60:3:1, indicating that Glenlea may differ from Pitic at three Vrn loci. Therefore, either Glenlea or Pitic 62 may carry two dominant Vrn alleles. The reciprocal crosses between Yecora 70 and Cajeme 71 did not segregate transgressively late types in the F2 generation. Therefore, those cultivars had a Vrn allele in common. Selection for vernalization response might be useful when introducing exotic germplasm into spring wheat breeding programs and in manipulating maturity responses. Key words: Vernalization, spring wheat, Vrn genes

scholarly journals Relationship between Flour Color Index of Darkness and Free Tryptophan Content of Domestically Produced Wheat Flour

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 538-541
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Horita ◽  
Ichiro Honda
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Flour Color

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and inter-trait relationship of tropical extra-early maturing quality protein maize inbred lines under low soil nitrogen stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252506
Author(s):  
Pearl Abu ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Beatrice E. Ifie ◽  
Pangirayi Tongoona ◽  
Leander D. Melomey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Selection For

Information on the genetic diversity, population structure, and trait associations of germplasm resources is crucial for predicting hybrid performance. The objective of this study was to dissect the genetic diversity and population structure of extra-early yellow and orange quality protein maize (QPM) inbred lines and identify secondary traits for indirect selection for enhanced grain yield under low-soil nitrogen (LN). One hundred and ten inbred lines were assessed under LN (30 kg ha -1) and assayed for tryptophan content. The lines were genotyped using 2500 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Majority (85.4%) of the inbred lines exhibited wide pairwise genetic distances between 0.4801 and 0.600. Genetic distances were wider between yellow and orange endosperm lines and predicted high heterosis in crosses between parents of different endosperm colors. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and the admixture model-based population structure method both grouped the lines into five clusters. The clustering was based on endosperm color, pedigree, and selection history but not on LN tolerance or tryptophan content. Genotype by trait biplot analysis revealed association of grain yield with plant height and ear height. TZEEQI 394 and TZEEIORQ 73A had high expressivity for these traits. Indirect selection for high grain yield among the inbred lines could be achieved using plant and ear heights as selection criteria. The wide genetic variability observed in this study suggested that the inbred lines could be important sources of beneficial alleles for LN breeding programs in SSA.

scholarly journals A rapid and direct method for the quantitative determination of tryptophan in the intact protein

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Gaitonde ◽  
T. Dovey
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Intact Proteins ◽  
Free Tryptophan ◽  
Acid Reagent ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Good Agreement

1. A method is given for the quantitative determination of free tryptophan or tryptophan in the intact protein by treating with ninhydrin in a mixture of formic acid and hydrochloric acid (reagent b), for 10min at 100°C. Glycyltryptophan was used as a standard for the determination of tryptophan in the intact protein. The extinction at 390nm was linear in the range 0.05–0.5μmol for free tryptophan (∈7120) and 0.05–0.30μmol for glycyltryptophan (∈15400). 2. Free tryptophan in the presence of protein may be determined by treating with ninhydrin in a mixture of acetic acid and 0.6m-phosphoric acid (reagent a) for 10min at 100°C, the extinction being linear for tryptophan in the range 0.05–0.9μmol. N-Terminal tryptophan peptides also give the typical yellow product on treatment with reagent a. 3. Tryptophan content of several pure intact proteins when treated with the above method gave values in good agreement with those reported by others. A mean tryptophan content of 11.25 (s.e.m. ±0.08) μmol/100mg of protein was found in rat brain during development from 1 to 82 days after birth.

Framework for Selecting Vocabulary for Preliterate Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009
Author(s):  
Allison Bean ◽  
Lindsey Paden Cargill ◽  
Samantha Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
School Based ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nonverbal Children ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Purpose Nearly 50% of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to school-age children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, many SLPs report having insufficient knowledge in the area of AAC implementation. The objective of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a framework for supporting 1 area of AAC implementation: vocabulary selection for preliterate children who use AAC. Method This tutorial focuses on 4 variables that clinicians should consider when selecting vocabulary: (a) contexts/environments where the vocabulary can be used, (b) time span during which the vocabulary will be relevant, (c) whether the vocabulary can elicit and maintain interactions with other people, and (d) whether the vocabulary will facilitate developmentally appropriate grammatical structures. This tutorial focuses on the role that these variables play in language development in verbal children with typical development, verbal children with language impairment, and nonverbal children who use AAC. Results Use of the 4 variables highlighted above may help practicing SLPs select vocabulary that will best facilitate language acquisition in preliterate children who use AAC.

Teaching Partners to Support Communication for Adults with Acquired Communication Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Ball ◽  
Joanne Lasker
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Communication Impairment ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Communication Partners ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
End Of Life Communication ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Abstract For adults with acquired communication impairment, particularly those who have communication disorders associated with stroke or neurodegenerative disease, communication partners play an important role in establishing and maintaining communicative competence. In this paper, we assemble some evidence on this topic and integrate it with current preferred practice patterns (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2004). Our goals are to help speech-language pathologists (SLPs) identify and describe partner-based communication strategies for adults with acquired impairment, implement evidence-based approaches for teaching strategies to communication partners, and employ a Personnel Framework (Binger et al., 2012) to clarify partners? roles in acquiring and supporting communication tools for individuals with acquired impairments. We offer specific guidance about AAC techniques and message selection for communication partners involved with chronic, degenerative, and end of life communication. We discuss research and provide examples of communication partner supports for person(s) with aphasia and person(s) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who have complex communication needs.

Patient selection for Port-Access? multi vessel revascularization

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S43-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
G WIMMERGREINECKER
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Port Access ◽  
Selection For
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